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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal Alkoxycarboxylate Complexes. I. Poly[aquabis(methoxyacetato)(nitrato)neodymium(III)] (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1588-1590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270198006921
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemically-defined medium supporting growth and providing cells converting compactin to pravastatin (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 78-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Actinomadura; pravastatin; compactin; nutrition; vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Actinomadura sp strain 2966, which converts compactin to pravastatin, requires vitamins to support its growth. Addition of folic acid, thiamine and cyanocobalamine allowed growth in chemically-defined medium. Cells grown in a chemically-defined medium were as capable of converting compactin to pravastatin as cells grown in a complex medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the illumination time when treating port-wine stains (1995)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 10 (1995), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Copper vapour laser ; Electron microscopy ; Illumination time ; Numerical modelling ; Optimal treatment ; Port-wine stain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the electron microscopy results obtained from two patients who were treated with 5 W of yellow (578 nm) light from a copper vapour laser with an illumination time of 3.6 ms and a 0.3 mm spot diameter. The endpoint of treatment was transient blanching. Following treatment, erythema was observed. There was minimal damage to the epidermis and non-vascular tissue such as the nerve fibres. There was severe damage to the endothelial cells of the ectatic vessels. Twenty-four hours after treatment, platelet activation and collagen were present, indicating that these vessels were no longer viable. Theoretical calculations are used to determine the flow of heat within and away from a 50μm diameter vessel. From this, heating of the entire vessel is shown to occur with illumination times of 4 ms, with minimal heating of the non-vascular tissue. Shorter illuminations do not heat the entire vessel, while the use of longer illumination times will cause excessive damage to the surrounding non-vascular tissue. Illumination times close to 4 ms must be regarded as optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150846
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    YBa2Cu3O7-δ single crystals revisited: Scanning probe data on very pure samples grown in BaZrO3 crucibles (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 1219-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.Ch; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) single crystals grown in BaZrO3 crucibles by scanning and friction force microscopy (SFM, FFM) as well as by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angle resolved X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (ARXPS). By STM and SFM, clean stepped terraces are observed on as-grown crystals. Friction contrast, however, implies the presence of different materials, presumably traces of flux. After oxidation of the YBCO crystals, particles of 10 to 100 nm in size appear on the surface. Their number per unit area increases with time when the crystal is stored in air. Complementary information on such aged YBCO surfaces is provided by ARXPS. These data reveal 3 nm of mainly BaCO3 and CuO on top of the YBCO matrix and suggest a very slow aging rate of the crystals, which is 20 times slower than for epitaxial thin films. The superconducting energy gap has been determined on fresh crystals by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) at 4.6 K as 2Δ≈30 meV. By spatially resolved tunneling spectroscopy the vortex lattice in a magnetic field of 4 T has been imaged. The inter-vortex distance amounts to 20±2 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optical observation of twisted vortices in type-II superconductors (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 702-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The flux structures were visualized using a magneto-optical technique. This technique was initially used to understand the basic principles of vortex line motion under the Lorentz force (j X B) due to a transport supercurrent j (ref. 11); it has been considerably developed and is now particularly ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385702a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stone algebra extensions with bounded dense sets (1997)
    Springer
    Algebra universalis 37 (1997), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8911
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Stone algebras have been characterized by Chen and Grätzer in terms of triples $ (B, D, \varphi) $ , where D is a distributive lattice with 1, B is a Boolean algebra, and $ \varphi $ is a bounded lattice homomorphism from B into the lattice of filters of D. If D is bounded, the construction of these characterizing triples is much simpler, since the homomorphism $ \varphi $ can be replaced by one from B into D itself. The triple construction leads to natural embeddings of a Stone algebra into ones with bounded dense set. These embeddings correspond to a complete sublattice of the distributive lattice of lattice congruences of S. In addition, the largest embedding is a reflector to the subcategory of Stone algebras with bounded dense sets and morphisms preserving the zero of the dense set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo apparent pA2 analysis in rats treated with either clocinnamox or morphine (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 125 (1996), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Naltrexone ; Nalbuphine ; Clocinnamox ; Morphine ; Tolerance ; Drug discrimination ; pA2 analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments tested the hypothesis that loss of agonist potency or effectiveness following irreversible antagonist or chronic agonist treatment may result from affinity changes at μ opioid receptors. Apparent affinity of naltrexone or nalbuphine for μ opioid receptors was measured in vivo in rats treated with either a single dose of the irreversible antagonist clocinnamox or repeated doses of morphine. Apparent affinity of each antagonist was estimated from its potency as an antagonist of discriminative stimulus or rate-decreasing effects of morphine in rats trained to discriminate 3.2 mg/kg morphine and saline. In control rats, apparent pA2 values for naltrexone and nalbuphine were 7.5–7.6 and 5.3, respectively. In clocinnamox-treated rats, apparent pA2 values for naltrexone were 7.2–7.7, suggesting that clocinnamox treatment did not alter affinity of naltrexone for sites through which morphine exerts behavioral effects. In rats treated repeatedly with morphine, apparent pA2 values for nalbuphine were 5.1–5.3, suggesting that repeated morphine treatment did not alter affinity of nalbuphine for these sites. The observation that neither clocinnamox nor repeated morphine treatment altered in vivo affinity estimates for naltrexone or nalbuphine, respectively, suggests that the reductions in agonist potency produced by these treatments do not result from changes in affinity at μ opioid receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02249409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine-like stimulus effects of µ opioids in rats (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 133 (1997), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Tolerance ; Drug discrimination ; Fentanyl ; Morphine ; Nalbuphine ; Efficacy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of these experiments was to examine the relationship of agonist relative efficacy to the pattern of tolerance and cross-tolerance to the morphine-like stimulus effects of three opioid agonists. Rats were trained to discriminate 3.2 mg/kg morphine from saline under fixed-ratio 15 schedule of food reinforcement. Morphine, nalbuphine, and fentanyl produced dose-dependent increases in morphine-like stimulus effects and decreases in response rates. Repeated treatment with 20 mg/kg per day morphine increased the ED50 for stimulus control by fentanyl, morphine, or nalbuphine two-, four-, or 40-fold, respectively. Repeated treatment with 64 mg/kg per day nalbuphine increased the ED50 for stimulus control for morphine by two-fold, but lower or higher treatment doses had no significant effect. Treatment with 100 mg/kg per day nalbuphine increased the ED50 for nalbuphine by six-fold. Repeated treatment with 0.22 mg/kg per day fentanyl increased the ED50 for stimulus control by fentanyl or morphine by approximately two-fold. Comparisons among treatment conditions suggested that magnitude of tolerance to morphine-like stimulus effects did not vary as an inverse function of the relative efficacy of the agonist used for repeated treatment. Rather repeated morphine and fentanyl treatments produced comparable tolerance, whereas repeated nalbuphine treatment did not evoke substantial tolerance. Comparisons within treatment conditions, however, suggested that magnitude of tolerance may vary inversely with relative efficacy of the agonist tested for morphine-like stimulus effects. During treatment with morphine or fentanyl, greater tolerance was observed to the morphine-like stimulus effects of the lower efficacy agonist relative to the higher efficacy agonist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050366
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of two functional homologues of the S 3 allele of the Papaver rhoeas self-incompatibility gene isolated from different populations (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 983-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: self-incompatibility ; Papaver rhoeas ; S gene ; homologous alleles ; recombinant S protein ; pollen inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The S 3 allele of the S gene has been cloned from Papaver rhoeas cv. Shirley. The sequence predicts a hydrophilic protein of 14.0 kDa, showing 55.8% identity with the previously cloned S 1 allele, preceded by an 18 amino acid signal sequence. Expression of the S 3 coding region in Escherichia coli produced a form of the protein, denoted S3e, which specifically inhibited S3 pollen in an in vitro bioassay. The recombinant protein was ca. 0.8 kDa larger than the native stigmatic form, indicating post-translational modifications in planta, as was previously suggested for the S1 protein. In contrast to other S proteins identified to date, S3 protein does not appear to be glycosylated. Of particular significance is the finding that despite exhibiting a high degree of sequence polymorphism, secondary structure predictions indicate that the S1 and S3 proteins may adopt a virtually identical conformation. Sequence analysis also indicates that the P. rhoeas S alleles share some limited homology with the SLG and SRK genes from Brassica oleracea. Previously, cross-classification of different populations of P. rhoeas had revealed a number of functionally identical alleles. Probing of western blots of stigma proteins from plants derived from a wild Spanish population which contained an allele functionally identical to the Shirley S 3 allele with antiserum raised to S3e, revealed a protein (S 3 s) which was indistinguishable in pI and M r from that in the Shirley population. A cDNA encoding S 3 s was isolated, nucleotide sequencing revealing a coding region with 99.4% homology with the Shirley-derived clone at the DNA level, and 100% homology at the amino acid level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020809
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo apparent affinity and efficacy estimates for μ opiates in a rat tail-withdrawal assay (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 136 (1998), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Etonitazene ; Morphine ; Buprenorphine ; Etorphine ; GPA 1657 ; Affinity ; Efficacy ; Antinociception ; Clocinnamox
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments in a rat tail-withdrawal assay tested the hypothesis that the magnitude and pattern of antagonism of μ opiate agonists by the insurmountable μ opioid antagonist clocinnamox are inversely related to agonist efficacy. In addition, these experiments examined whether this antagonism could be quantified to yield apparent affinity and efficacy estimates for the pharmacological characterization of five opiate agonists. Etonitazene, etorphine, morphine, buprenorphine, and GPA 1657 produced dose-dependent increases in tail-withdrawal latency until 100% maximum possible effect (%MPE) was obtained. Morphine required a higher dose of clocinnamox for a 50% reduction in maximal antinociceptive effect than did buprenorphine or GPA 1657. In contrast, no dose of clocinnamox tested decreased the%MPE for etonitazene or etorphine. These data suggest a rank order of relative efficacy of etonitazene ≥ etorphine 〉 morphine ≥ GPA 1657 ≥ buprenorphine. Similarly, numerical analysis of these data yielded the following apparent affinity and efficacy estimates: etonitazene (0.38 mg/kg, 128); etorphine (0.68 mg/kg, 125); morphine (50 mg/kg, 38), GPA 1657 (6.6, 39); and buprenorphine (0.042 mg/kg, 2.2). These data illustrate that in vivo affinity and efficacy estimates for a number of agonists are remarkably similar across different methods of analysis and are useful for drug classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050534
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