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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    System analysis of the goldfish olfactory bulb: Spatio-temporal transfer properties of the mitral cell granule cell complex (1986)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 54 (1986), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the goldfish olfactory bulb is described from a systems theoretical point of view. A chain of nine interacting circuits, each one mitral cell and one granule cell, is modelled. Glomerular synapses are assumed to have variable strengths. The analysis of the model system leads to the following conclusions: 1) The temporal input pattern of a mitral cell—granule cell circuit is either maintained by the circuit or inverted (lateral inhibition effect). This property together with available receptor data allows the theoretical explanation of experimentally recorded mitral cell patterns. 2) The sensitivity of a mitral cell—granule cell circuit is a function of the input signal's frequency. This provides an explanation for mitral cell cluster activity patterns measured in experiments. 3) Given a spatial input pattern to adjacent mitral cell—granule cell circuits, the output pattern depends largely upon the ratio between the feedback parameter p and the similarity β of the inputs to adjacent circuits. For appropriate p and β a local order between the responses of single neighbouring circuits is established. This local order can lead to a globally ordered mapping of odours onto mitral cell activities, thus providing a coding concept for the bulb. Some consequences of this concept coincide well with the spatial activity patterns found in 2-DOG-studies. 4) Glomerular synapses endowed with plasticity could account for long term effects such as degeneration and sensitivity changes with respect to certain odours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of RAD54, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene involved in recombination and repair
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 104 (1991), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: DNA damage induction ; Double-strand break repair ; nucleotide-binding site ; recombinant DNA ; yeast
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(91)90473-O
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of free intermetallic compound clusters: lead/antimony and bismuth/antimony (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 91 (1987), S. 2649-2653 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100294a037
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Effects of Olfactory Tract Cooling on Mitral Cell Response Patterns during Repetitive Natural Stimulation (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb43633.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal and long-term variations of lymph capillary pressure in health (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 21 (1998), S. 136-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Microcirculation ; Microlymphatics ; Capillary pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The variability of pressure in the cutaneous lymph capillaries on the forefoot was determined in 2 groups of healthy volunteers. In group A, including 12 subjects (8 men, 4 women; mean age 28 years, range 22 to 37 years) measurements were performed in the morning and late afternoon of the same day. In group B (12 subjects, 5 women, 7 men; mean age 53 years, range 23 to 72 years) measurements of lymph capillary pressure were repeated within an interval of 7 weeks. The superficial microlymphatics were visualized by intravital fluorescence microlymphography, cannulated with glass micropipettes, and the lymph capillary pressure was measured using a servo-nulling pressure system. The lymph capillary pressure measured in the morning (mean 7.5±4.4 mm Hg; range −4 to 16 mm Hg) did not differ (p〉0.05) from the pressure in the late afternoon (mean value 5.6±3.4 mm Hg; range −1 to 13 mm Hg). In group B initial lymph capillary pressure (mean 3.9±2.9 mm Hg, range −1.1 to 9.7 mm Hg) was not different (p〉0.05) compared to the pressure after 7 weeks (2.9±2.7 mm Hg; range −1.0 to 6.8 mm Hg). In conclusion, lymph capillary pressure in healthy subjects does not exhibit significant changes during the daytime and the long-term reproducibility is good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380050048
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transient, RCK4-like K+ current in cultured Xenopus olfactory bulb neurons (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 432 (1996), S. 845-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words K+ current ; RCK4 ; Xenopus laevis ; Olfactory bulb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A transient K+ current in cultured olfactory bulb neurons of Xenopus tadpoles was studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The current, which was resistant to 80 mM tetraethylammoniumchloride (TEA) and 10 nM charybdotoxin but blocked by 5 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), activated between −60 and −40 mV and showed time- and voltage-dependent inactivation. Its peak amplitude was nearly independent of the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) in the range of 0.05 to 10 mM, indicating that its conductance increased upon increasing [K+]o. The transient K+ current showed a slow recovery from inactivation with the time for half-maximum recovery from a conditioning pulse to 80 mV for 1 s varying from 100 ms to 500 ms. Complete recovery required as much as 5–10 s at −80 mV, but could be speeded up at hyperpolarized potentials. The current resembles the RCK4 (Kv1.4) current of rat neurons except that its recovery from inactivation was independent of [K+]o. High-freqency stimulation (20–67 Hz) of the neurons with short (5 ms) voltage pulses resulted in a frequency-dependent, progressive inactivation of the transient K+ current. This suggests that, during phasic responses of olfactory bulb neurons, inactivation of the transient K+ current occurs and may lead to lengthening of action potentials and facilitation of synaptic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole-cell currents in olfactory receptor cells of Xenopus laevis (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Patch clamp technique ; Whole-cell currents ; Xenopus laevis ; Olfactory neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Olfactory mucosae of Xenopus laevis were dissociated without enzymatic treatment and the isolated olfactory neurones were studied with the tight-seal whole-cell recording configuration of the patch clamp technique. In the voltage clamp, five current components could be distinguished: a fast, TTX-sensitive Na+-current, a small and slow inward current carried by Ca2+ ions, a Ca2+ dependent K+-current, a K+-current which activates rapidly at voltages more positive than-20 mV and quickly inactivates, and a slowly activating and very slowly inactivating K+-current. Some of the characteristics of the whole-cell currents herein reported contradict previous findings while others verify them, thereby allowing a tentative interpretation of their physiological role in the transduction process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228894
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ca2+ modulates an unspecific cation conductance in olfactory cilia of Xenopus laevis (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 84 (1991), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Olfaction ; Olfactory receptor neurones ; Transduction ; Cation current ; Ca2+ ; Patch clamp ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Olfactory neurones of Xenopus laevis were studied by the patch clamp technique under voltage-clamp conditions. Isolated receptor cells were obtained by dissociating the olfactory mucosa in a Ca2+-free solution. Usually some of the resulting isolated olfactory cells lost all of their cilia during the dissociation procedure. Comparing the currents of cells with cilia to those of cells without cilia, a marked difference was found. When all known voltage-gated currents except the Ca2+-current were blocked, cells without cilia showed the voltage-gated Ca2+-current alone whereas cells with cilia clearly had an additional conductance gc. It could be activated in two ways, either by Ca2+ entry through Ca2+-channels or by Ca2+ entry through the Na/Ca-exchanger working in the reversed mode at positive membrane potentials. This ciliar conductance gc had its reversal potential at 0 mV. Replacing extracellular Cl- by isethionate on the one hand, and Na+ by Cs+ or N-methyl-D-glucamine on the other showed that gc was permeable for cations but not for Cl-. In conclusion, there appears to be a Ca2+-dependent unselective cation conductance on the cilia of olfactory neurones. The probable role of gc as the last step in an IP3/Ca mediated transduction path-way is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231774
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    YBa2Cu3O7-δ single crystals revisited: Scanning probe data on very pure samples grown in BaZrO3 crucibles (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 1219-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.Ch; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) single crystals grown in BaZrO3 crucibles by scanning and friction force microscopy (SFM, FFM) as well as by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angle resolved X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (ARXPS). By STM and SFM, clean stepped terraces are observed on as-grown crystals. Friction contrast, however, implies the presence of different materials, presumably traces of flux. After oxidation of the YBCO crystals, particles of 10 to 100 nm in size appear on the surface. Their number per unit area increases with time when the crystal is stored in air. Complementary information on such aged YBCO surfaces is provided by ARXPS. These data reveal 3 nm of mainly BaCO3 and CuO on top of the YBCO matrix and suggest a very slow aging rate of the crystals, which is 20 times slower than for epitaxial thin films. The superconducting energy gap has been determined on fresh crystals by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) at 4.6 K as 2Δ≈30 meV. By spatially resolved tunneling spectroscopy the vortex lattice in a magnetic field of 4 T has been imaged. The inter-vortex distance amounts to 20±2 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the olfactory bulb in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (2000)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 302 (2000), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomeruli Mitral cells Granule cells Axon tracing GABA Glutamate Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The structure of the olfactory bulb in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (stages 54–56) was studied using axon tracing (with biocytin or low-weight dextran) and immunocytochemical techniques. Filling the olfactory nerve with biocytin made the nerve layer and the glomeruli visible. Dye injections into the glomerular layer labeled the lateral olfactory tract. Vice versa, dye injections into the lateral olfactory tract made mitral cells and their glomerular branching patterns visible. Anti-GABA antiserum stained periglomerular and granule cells, while the olfactory nerve and mitral cells were labeled by antiglutamate antiserum. We describe the layering, the numbers of cells and glomeruli, and their localization in both the main and the accessory olfactory bulb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000208
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