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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related settlement success by cyprids of the barnacleBalanus amphitrite, with special reference to consumption of cyprid storage protein (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 127 (1996), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Newly molted (0-d-old) cyprids of the barnacleBalanus amphitrite Darwin were prevented from settling for 0 to 14 d at four different temperatures (25, 20, 15 and 5°C treatments). The effect on settlement success of prolonging the cyprid lifetime was evaluated using a nitrilocellulose membrane assay. In addition, protein extract prepared from these cyprids was analyzed using gel electrophoresis to characterize the effect of age on protein content and composition. Settlement success was significantly affected for larvae aged at 25 (P 〈 0.001), 20 (P 〈 0.001) and 15°C (P 〈 0.05), while differences in settlement success between age groups was negligible at 5°C (P = 0.09). Settlement success of cyprids increased with time for up to 3 d (P 〈 0.001, Phase 1), following which settlement success significantly declined (P 〈 0.001, Phase 11). Temperature had no significant effect on settlement in Phase I (P = 0.17), but did enhance the decline in settlement success with age during Phase II (P 〈 0.001). Gel electrophoresis revealed a significant decline in the quantity of the cyprid storage protein CMP (Cyprid Major Protein) with increasing age at 25, 20 and 15°C, but CMP levels remained constant at 5°C. These results suggest that, upon molting to the cyprid stage, larvae may still require a settlement-competence attainment period. This may be achieved by CMP utilization during Phase I, depletion of which during Phase II may be responsible for reduction in settlement success with cyprid age such that remaining CMP stores can no longer support the production of adult structures following settlement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993652
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of traumatic shock complicated by methamphetamine intoxication (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 758-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Traumatic shock ; Cardiac tamponade ; Metabolic acidosis ; Methamphetamine intoxication ; Hyperammonemia ; Hyperuricemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of a 38-year-old male with traumatic shock complicated by methamphetamine intoxication is presented. The patient was involved in an assault which resulted in cardiac tamponade and right ventricular outflow laceration. Pericardiocentesis was immediately performed. However, profound metabolic acidosis greatly in excess of that expected from the short duration of the shock was revealed by arterial blood gas analysis. Another cause of the metabolic acidosis was suspected. The patient subsequently admitted to intravenous use of methamphetamine. Following hemodynamic and metabolic stabilization by continuous pericardial drainage and intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate, the patient underwent cardiac surgery. His postoperative course was uneventful. There is a substantial association between methamphetamine users and traumatic accidents. In such cases, early identification of drug use is important. Marked metabolic acidosis, which conflicts with the diagnosed cause of shock, may be a clinical clue to methamphetamine intoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050943
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of polymer gel surfaces by atomic force microscopy (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 1751-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report here, for the first time, the direct observation of the submicron structure of gel surfaces in water by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). We present also its change in response to external stimuli; we investigated, among the variables that affect the topography of the gel surface, the effect of the network density of poly(acrylamide) gels and the effect of the temperature change of poly N-isopropylacrylamide gels. Gels were prepared with disklike shape of thickness ranging from 10 to 50 μm, and one of the gel surfaces was chemically adhered onto a glass plate. Spongelike domains of submicrometer scale were found here on the gel surfaces, which was strongly affected by the cross-linking density (nature of the gel network) as well as the osmotic pressure (environmental condition), and also thickness (condition of constraint). The qualitative properties of the surface microscopic structure of gels are discussed in relation to a hypothetical model of two-dimensional gels based on the Flory–Huggins theory. These results disclose that the surface microstructures of polymer gels in solvent as well as the nanometer scale structural changes are associated with the gel phase transition. Moreover, they indicate that the potential for a new technology to control the domain size of the gel surface as well as its function by external stimuli could emerge, which would find a variety of applications in many fields, such as engineering, medicine, and biology. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470760
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of xanthan gum by Sphingomonas bacteria carrying genes from Xanthomonas campestris (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 19 (1997), S. 92-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: xanthan gum; Xanthomonas campestris; Sphingomonas; exopolysaccharide; complementation; foreign gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Twelve genes coding for assembly, acetylation, pyruvylation, polymerization, and secretion of the polysaccharide xanthan gum are clustered together on the chromosome of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. These genes (gumBCDEFGHIJKLM) are sufficient for synthesis of xanthan gum when placed in bacteria from a different genus, Sphingomonas. The polysaccharide from the recombinant microorganism is largely indistinguishable, structurally and functionally, from native xanthan gum. These results demonstrate that a complex pathway for biosynthesis of a specific polysaccharide can be acquired by a single inter-generic transfer of genes between bacteria. This suggests the biological and commercial feasibility of synthesizing xanthan gum or other polysaccharides in non-native hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900449
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity induced by parathyroid hormone in osteoblast-like cells from the spinal hyperostotic mouse TWY (twy/twy) (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Spinal hyperostotic mouse ; Parathyroid hormone ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Osteoblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of primary calvaria-derived osteoblast-like cells from the twy (tip-toe walking Yoshimura) and normal ICR control mouse. The twy mouse displays elevated osseous formation particularly in the spine, and the pathophysiological features resemble that of human ankylosing spinal hyperostosis. In the proliferative stage of cultured bone cells, parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation induced the elevation of AP activity of both twy and ICR mouse-derived cells. When they reached confluence, the AP activity of ICR mouse-derived cells ceased to increase with PTH stimulation. The twy mouse-derived cells, however, continued to respond to PTH, with the enzyme activity increasing even in the confluent, stationary stage. PTH stimulation also increased the intracellular cAMP content of twy mouse-derived cells but it did not influence that of ICR mouse-derived cells in the stationary stage. Moreover, stimulation with dibutyryl cAMP, but not with phorbol myristate acetate, increased the AP activity of both twy and ICR-derived bone cells irrespective of culture conditions, either in the proliferative or in the confluent stage. These data suggest that the protein kinase A-mediated pathway plays a pivotal role in bone cells with PTH stimulation, and that the uninhibited AP activity observed in twy mouse-derived bone cells might be due to some deviating process between the PTH ligand/receptor interaction and cAMP generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296345
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Development of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 158-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Insulin-like growth factor I — Ligament cell — Immunohistochemistry — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine, we examined the distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and analyzed the effects of IGF-I on the cultured spinal ligament cells. For that purpose we established eight varieties of OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines obtained from spinal ligaments of corresponding patients, respectively. In contrast to non-OPLL cases, all the OPLL cases were histologically shown to contain round-shaped cartilage-like cells in the transitional region from preossifying to ossifying ligaments, and these cells were strongly stained with an antibody for IGF-I. In the vicinity of preossifying cartilaginous tissues, ligament cells also had a rod-like appearance and were positive for IGF-I immunohistochemically. The effects of IGF-I on cultured spinal ligament cells were assayed by alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and the amounts of collagen produced. The number of OPLL cell lines that increased AP activity, responding to IGF-I irrespective of 1,25(OH)2D3, was significantly larger than that of non-OPLL cell lines, although IGF-I stimulated DNA and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide synthesis in most of both OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines. These data demonstrate the dominant expression of IGF-I in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and suggest that IGF-I preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. IGF-I, therefore, may be involved in the local ossification process of spinal ligaments observed in OPLL patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Stimulates Differentiation of Cultured Spinal Ligament Cells from Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 291 -296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Bone morphogenetic protein — Ligament cell — Alkaline phosphatase — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is characterized by heterotopic bone formation occurring in spinal ligament, causing severe compression myelopathy. In order to investigate the mechanism of OPLL development, we isolated spinal ligament cells from OPLL patients as well as non-OPLL patients, and established 10 OPLL cell lines and 7 non-OPLL cell lines, respectively. We analyzed the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on these cells with respect to alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and collagen production. BMP-2 caused a significant increase of AP activity in 4 OPLL cell lines, whereas the activity did not change in any non-OPLL cells. Among OPLL cells, BMP-2 stimulated DNA synthesis in four cell lines and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide (PICP) synthesis in five cell lines. Some non-OPLL cells also responded to BMP-2, as there was an increase of DNA synthesis in three cell lines and PICP synthesis in one cell line. These data collectively indicate that BMP-2 preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. OPLL cells, therefore, exhibit a different response to BMP-2 than non-OPLL cells, suggesting that the expression of BMP receptor(s) and/or the signal transduction initiated by BMP-2 in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients somewhat deviate from those in normal spinal ligament cells. Such abnormal characteristics of OPLL cells as described here provide some clues to the clarification of the pathogenesis of OPLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Variations in the Progression of Bone Loss in Two Different Mouse Osteopenia Models (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 426-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteopenia — Animal model — Tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mouse — Senescent ICR mouse — Bone histomorphometry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Differences in trabecular and cortical bone loss have been demonstrated clinically, but differences in bone loss at different skeletal sites remain unclear. We examined regional variations in bone loss histomorphometrically in two strains of mice in which osteopenia progresses spontaneously: tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mice (from 4 to 37 weeks of age) and senescent ICR mice (from 4 to 88 weeks of age). Morphometrical measurements were obtained to investigate the changes with age in trabecular bone area and anterior cortical bone width in the lumbar vertebral body, trabecular bone area in the tibia, bone area in the parietal bone, and the cortical index in the humerus. Results showed that, in twy mice, trabecular turnover was higher than in ICR mice, and bone loss progressed in the following order: tibial trabecular bone, lumbar trabecular bone, parietal bone, lumbar anterior cortical bone, and the humerus. In ICR mice, bone formation declined after 60 weeks. Bone loss progressed in tibial trabecular bone and the parietal bone at 60 weeks of age, followed by lumbar trabecular bone, lumbar anterior cortical bone, and the humerus at 88 weeks of age. Bone loss varied at each site and between the two mouse strains, with different bone turnover rates. The findings of the present study indicate that special attention should be paid to regional variations in the progression of bone loss associated with differences in pathologic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900455
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light-inducible Myb-like gene that is specifically expressed in red Perilla frutescens and presumably acts as a determining factor of the anthocyanin forma (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Anthocyanin biosynthesis ; Light induction ; MYB transcriptional factor ; Perilla frutescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Myb-p1 gene was isolated by screening for differentially expressed Myb-related genes in red (anthocyanin-producing) and green (anthocyanin non-producing) forms of Perilla frutescens. Expression of Myb-p1 is increased 10-fold in the red relative to the green form of P. frutescens, and the gene is induced by light. MYB-P1 has only one DNA-binding region, which corresponds to repeat III in the general structure of MYB proteins. In the yeast two-hybrid system, it was shown that MYB-P1 interacted with MYC-RP, a MYC-related transcriptional regulatory protein involved in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. frutescens. In yeast, MYB-P1 was able to bind to a dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) gene promoter isolated from red P. frutescens. These data suggest that Myb-p1 may be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and could therefore be responsible for determining anthocyanin formation in red P. frutescens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008639
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro propagation, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses of Angelica plants (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAngelica ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA ; Ligustilide ; In vitro propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Angelica acutiloba, a medicinal plant used as a natural medicine Touki, was clonally propagated through axillary buds in vitro. No substantial differences were found in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern between the original A. acutiloba and the plant propagated in vitro, suggesting no changes in the DNA sequences and structure during in vitro propagation. The genetic similarities of several Angelica plants were investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RAPD analyses. The RFLP and RAPD patterns of A. sinensis Diels were substantially different from those of A. acutiloba. Using ten different restriction enzymes, no RFLP was observed in the varieties of A. acutiloba. By RAPD analysis, A. acutiloba varieties can be classified into two major subgroups, i.e., A. acutiloba Kitagawa and A. acutiloba Kitagawa var. sugiyamae Hikino. The varieties of A. acutiloba Kitagawa in Japan and Angelica spp. in northeast China exhibited a very close genetic relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050554
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