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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birth trauma: short and long term effects of forceps delivery compared with spontaneous delivery on various pelvic floor parameters (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To compare the effects of forceps delivery and spontaneous delivery on pelvic floor functions in nulliparous women.Design A longitudinal prospective study with investigations during the first pregnancy, 10 weeks and 10 months after delivery.Setting Antenatal clinic in a teaching hospital.Population One hundred and seven patients aged 28.4 years, divided into those with forceps (n= 25) or spontaneous (n= 82) delivery.Methods Investigations with a questionnaire, clinical examination, assessment of bladder neck behaviour, urethral sphincter function, intra-vaginal/intra-anal pressures during pelvic floor contractions.Results The incidence of stress urinary incontinence was similar in both groups at 9 weeks (32%vs 21%, P= 0.3) and 10 months (20%vs 15%, P= 0.6) after delivery, as was the incidence of faecal incontinence (9 weeks: 8%vs 4%, P= 0.9; 10 months: 4%vs 5%, P= 1) and the decreased sexual response at 10 months (12%vs 18%, P= 0.6). Bladder neck behaviour, urethral sphincter function and intra-vaginal and intra-anal pressures were also similar in the two groups. However, 10 months after delivery, the incidence of a weak pelvic floor (20%vs 6%, P= 0.05) and the decrease in intra-anal pressure between the pre- and post-delivery values (−17±28 cm H2O vs 3±31 cm H2O, P= 0.04) were significantly greater in the forceps-delivered women.Conclusions Forceps delivery is not responsible for a higher incidence of pelvic floor complaints or greater changes in bladder neck behaviour or urethral sphincter functions. However, patients with forceps delivery have a significantly greater decrease in intra-anal pressure and a greater incidence of a weak pelvic floor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11648.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of chlorophyll fluorescence excitation spectra for the non-destructive in situ assessment of UV-absorbing compounds in leaves (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study a method was designed to assess non-destructively the type of UV-screening compounds present in the leaf epidermis. The method is based on the recording and calculation of the ratio of UV-excitation spectra of chlorophyll fluorescence (FER) from the adaxial and abaxial sides of bifacial leaves, or from older and younger segments of monocotyledonous leaves. The logarithm of this ratio (logFER) matched the absorption spectrum of the UV-absorbers present in the leaf, as confirmed by its overlap with the absorption spectrum of the methanolic extract of the leaf or of the isolated epidermis. By using the logFER approach, it was possible to demonstrate that the concentration but not the classes of compounds present in the epidermis that are responsible for UV-screening is affected by the side and the age of the leaves. In contrast, measurements from the leaves of seven dicots and one monocot indicated large difference in the classes of these compounds between species. Finally, it was shown that the logFER in the UV is independent of the emission wavelength, and that the method can be used for quantitative measurements. This method expands to the spectral domain the use of ChlF for the estimation of the leaf epidermal transmittance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00942.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of photosynthesis by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in bean leaves determined by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Infection of bean leaves by Colletotrichum lundemuthianum causes vein necrosis and subsequent localized wilting of the blade. The effect of infection on photosynthesis was investigated by imaging leaf chlorophyll fluorescence as a means of mapping stomatal and metabolic inhibition of photosynthesis. During infection, CO2 assimilation (An), stomatal conductance to water vapour, and photosynthetic electron transport rate (Jt) decreased, whereas dark respiration increased. An decreased more than was expected from the reduction in green leaf area, showing that photosynthesis was inhibited in apparently healthy areas. Under subsaturating irradiance, images of Jt in air showed that photosynthesis decreased gradually, with this effect shifting from green to necrotic areas. Sudden increase in CO2 concentration to 0·74% in the atmosphere around the leaf only partially reversed this inhibition, showing that both stomatal and metabolic inhibition occurred. Under limiting irradiance, decreases in Jt and in maximal Jt during high CO2 exposure as leaf damage severity increased suggested that metabolic inhibition was mediated through an inhibition of Ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration. Finally, the importance of our data in terms of assessing the loss of photosynthetic yield from visible symptoms – as is currently performed in epidemiology – is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00737.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary Results of the Medium Scale Anisotropy Measurement (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 688 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43975.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rehabilitationsprinzipien nach VKB-Rekonstruktion für Breiten- und Spitzensportler (2000)
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 13 (2000), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter VKB-Rekonstruktion ; Individuell angepasst (criterion-based) ; 4 Phasen ; Sensomotorisches Training ; Keywords ACL-reconstruction ; Individually adapted (criterion-based) ; Four different phases ; Sensomotoric Training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The rehabilitation following ACL-reconstruction is determined by the operative technique, additional injuries and the sport specific demands. The program is individually adapted (criterion-based) and not time-based. The whole rehabilitation can be divided into four different phases: hospital, partial weight bearing, total weight bearing and sport specific training. The final result is influenced by the intense collaboration between athlete, physician, physical therapist and trainer.
    Notes: Die Rehabilitation nach VKB-Rekonstruktion wird bestimmt durch die angewendete Operationstechnik, eventuelle Begleitverletzungen sowie die sportartspezifischen Anforderungen. Das Programm ist individuell angepasst (criterion-based) und lässt sich in vier Phasen unterteilen: Hospitalisation, Teilbelastung, Vollbelastung sowie sportartspezifisches Training. Durch die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Athlet, Arzt, Physiotherapeut und Trainer kann in kurzer Zeit ein optimales funktionelles Endergebnis erreicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001420050180
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of lipolytic and esterolytic activities of Tyromyces sambuceus, a 4-decanolide-producing basidiomycete (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 210-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pellets of Tyromyces sambuceus were cultured in standard liquid media that contained a natural triacylglycerol as an additional carbon source. Parallel to a drop of pH below 2.0 and the formation of R(+)-4-decanolide, the oil droplets disappeared. Assays based on 3-naphthyl ester showed that most of the lipolytic and esterolytic enzyme activities were membrane-associated. The time course of enzyme activities after addition of castor oil suggested an inducibility of both membrane-bound and intracellular lipases, while only the intracellular esterases responded significantly. The results could contribute to improving the biotechnological generation of lipid-derived flavours and other compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050132
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of lipolytic and esterolytic activities of Tyromyces sambuceus, a 4-decanolide-producing basidiomycete (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 210-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pellets of Tyromyces sambuceus were cultured in standard liquid media that contained a natural triacylglycerol as an additional carbon source. Parallel to a drop of pH below 2.0 and the formation of R(+)-4-decanolide, the oil droplets disappeared. Assays based on 3-naphthyl ester showed that most of the lipolytic and esterolytic enzyme activities were membrane-associated. The time course of enzyme activities after addition of castor oil suggested an inducibility of both membrane-bound and intracellular lipases, while only the intracellular esterases responded significantly. The results could contribute to improving the biotechnological generation of lipid-derived flavours and other compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186961
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced tumour growth in the rat liver after selective elimination of Kupffer cells (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 37 (1993), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Liposomes ; (Dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate ; Kupffer cells ; Metastatic growth ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The evidence that Kupffer cells are capable of controlling metastatic growth in the liver in vivo is largely circumstantial. The best approach when studying natural cytotoxicity activities of Kupffer cells is to investigate the effect of Kupffer cell elimination on tumour growth. Until now it has not been possible to eliminate Kupffer cells without affecting other cell populations. We have recently developed a new method to eliminate Kupffer cells selectively: intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated (dichloromethylene)bisphosphonate (Cl2MDP-liposomes) leads to effective elimination of all Kypffer cells, without affecting non-phagocytic cells. Wag/Rij rats were injected with Cl2MDP-liposomes. After 48 h, rats were inoculated with syngeneic CC531 colon carcinoma cells by injection in the portal system. The results show a strongly enhanced tumour growth in the liver of the Cl2MDP-liposometreated rats. In these animals, livers were almost completely replaced by tumour and had increased in weight, whereas in the control groups only a few (four to eight) small (1-mm) tumour nodules were found. These data show that selective elimination of Kupffer cells results in enhanced tumour growth in the liver, implying that Kupffer cells play a crucial role in controlling tumour growth in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01517045
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced killing capacity of human Kupffer cells after activation with human granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interferon γ (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 39 (1994), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Kupffer cell ; Human granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor ; Interferon γ ; Cytotoxicity ; SW948 ; Tumor necrosis factor α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we investigated the effect of the cytokines human granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (hGM-CSF) and interferon γ (IFNγ) on human Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the SW948 coloncarcinoma cell line. Kupffer cells were isolated from small liver wedge biopsies, taken from 14 patient who had had abdominal surgery for colon carcinoma or partial hepatectomy. The cells were incubated with hGM-CSF (100 ng/ml), or with IFNγ (100 U/ml) or with their combination and the perecentage cytotoxicity was determined using a recently described modified assay. Additional experiments were performed with tumour-necrosis-factor-α(TNFα)-sensitive U937 cells as target. The TNFα secretion of Kupffer cells was measured and we evaluated the effect of TNFα on colon tumour targets. We performed human-Kupffer cell-mediated cytotoxicity blocking experiments with anti-TNFα and used paraformaldehydefixed Kupffer cells to demonstrate lysis of TNFα-sensitive WEHI-164 cells and of SW948 cells. The overall cytotoxicity against SW948 caused by unactivated Kupffer cells (n=14), and by Kupffer cells activated with hGM-CSF (n=14), IFNγ (n=6) or their combination (n=6) was respectively: 19.5±2.6%, 25.3±2.9% 41±9.4% and 45.6±8% at E/T=1 and 28.2±2.9%, 35.6±3.2%, 55.6±9.7% and 62.8% at E/T=5. All differences were statistically significant (P〈0.05). No growth-promoting activity by hGM-CSF on the SW948 tumour cells was observed. U937 cells were highly susceptible to Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The TNFα secretion by human Kupffer cells increased in parallel to their cytotoxicity after incubation with these cytokines. Soluble TNFα had only a slight anti-proliferative effect on SW948 cells, while specific anti-TNFα blocked Kupffer cell cytotoxicity by up to 80%. Finally, paraformaldehyde-fixed Kupffer cells were able to lyse WEHI-164 and SW948 cells. This indicates that expression of cell-associated TNFα is the main cytolytic mechanism of human-Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The implications for the use of hGM-CSF and IFNγ in vivo are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01533384
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced killing capacity of human Kupffer cells after activation with human granulocyte/macrophage-colony- stimulating factor and interferon γ (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 39 (1994), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words: Kupffer cell  –  Human granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor  –  Interferon γ –  Cytotoxicity  –  SW948  –  Tumor necrosis factor α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this study we investigated the effect of the cytokines human granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (hGM-CSF) and interferon γ (IFNγ) on human Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the SW948 coloncarcinoma cell line. Kupffer cells were isolated from small liver wedge biopsies, taken from 14 patients who had had abdominal surgery for colon carcinoma or partial hepatectomy. The cells were incubated with hGM-CSF (100 ng/ml), or with IFNγ (100 U/ml) or with their combination and the percentage cytotoxicity was determined using a recently described modified assay. Additional experiments were performed with tumour-necrosis-factor-α(TNFα)-sensitive U937 cells as target. The TNFα secretion of Kupffer cells was measured and we evaluated the effect of TNFα on colon tumour targets. We performed human-Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity blocking experiments with anti-TNFα and used paraformaldehyde-fixed Kupffer cells to demonstrate lysis of TNFα-sensitive WEHI-164 cells and of SW948 cells. The overall cytotoxicity against SW948 caused by unactivated Kupffer cells (n = 14), and by Kupffer cells activated with hGM-CSF (n = 14), IFNγ (n = 6) or their combination (n = 6) was respectively: 19.5±2.6%, 25.3±2.9%, 41±9.4% and 45.6±8% at E/T = 1 and 28.2±2.9%, 35.6±3.2%, 55.6±9.7% and 62.8% at E/T = 5. All differences were statistically significant (P 〈0.05). No growth-promoting activity by hGM-CSF on the SW948 tumour cells was observed. U937 cells were highly susceptible to Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The TNFα secretion by human Kupffer cells increased in parallel to their cytotoxicity after incubation with these cytokines. Soluble TNFα had only a slight anti-proliferative effect on SW948 cells, while specific anti-TNFα blocked Kupffer cell cytotoxicity by up to 80%. Finally, paraformaldehyde-fixed Kupffer cells were able to lyse WEHI-164 and SW948 cells. This indicates that expression of cell-associated TNFα is the main cytolytic mechanism of human-Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The implications for the use of hGM-CSF and IFNγ in vivo are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01533384
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