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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorylated Forms of Connexin43 Predominate in Rat Brain: Demonstration by Rapid Inactivation of Brain Metabolism (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) has been reported to exist as several phosphorylated forms migrating at ˜43 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as an unphosphorylated 41-kDa form. In brain, Cx43 is expressed predominantly in astrocytes and is also expressed in several other cell types. Whereas the phosphorylated forms of Cx43 predominate in heart, several studies have indicated that high levels of the unphosphorylated form of Cx43 are present in brain. Various experiments in this report indicate that the 41-kDa molecular form in brain is a postmortem dephosphorylation product of phosphorylated Cx43. In rats killed by cranial high-energy microwave irradiation leading to rapid inactivation of brain metabolism, Cx43 in cerebral cortex was present almost exclusively as the 43-kDa phosphorylated form. Rapid dissection of brain followed by heat treatment or inclusion of phosphatase inhibitors during tissue homogenization also largely prevented the conversion of the 43-to the 41-kDa form. The 41-kDa species was generated after alkaline phosphatase digestion of the 43-kDa material obtained by immunoprecipitation from microwave-irradiated brain. Immunolabeling patterns and relative regional levels of Cx43 as seen by immunohistochemical and western blot detection were the same whether or not metabolism to the 41-kDa species was prevented. In developing rat brain, Cx43 levels in frontal cortex and brainstem increased with age, but the degree of dephosphorylation of the 43-to the 41-kDa form was greater at earlier ages in the brainstem. It appears that brain contains a phosphatase that may be involved in modulating the phosphorylation state of Cx43 and thus may regulate intercellular communication via astrocytic gap junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062394.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A retrospective evaluation of azathioprine in severe childhood atopic eczema, using thiopurine methyltransferase levels to exclude patients at high risk of myelosuppression (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background  Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which in most children can be adequately controlled using topical therapy. However, in a small number of children it is necessary to use systemic treatments to gain an acceptable level of disease control. Objectives To evaluate azathioprine as a treatment for severe atopic eczema in children, and the value of pretreatment thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) levels in the identification of patients at high risk of myelosuppression. Methods Between January 1997 and May 2000, 91 children had erythrocyte TPMT assays with the intention of treating their atopic eczema with azathioprine. This study is based on retrospective examination of data taken from the hospital notes of these children, who had attended Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and St John's Institute of Dermatology, London. Results The distribution of TPMT values corresponded closely to that previously described in adults. Forty-eight children were commenced on treatment with azathioprine. Twenty-eight had an excellent response to treatment, 13 had a good response and seven had a poor response. No patient developed neutropenia. Conclusions Azathioprine may prove a very valuable treatment for severe atopic eczema in children. We consider its short-term adverse effect profile in children with normal TPMT activity to have been entirely acceptable with our treatment protocol. As result, we now feel confident to initiate therapy at dose levels of 2·5–3·5 mg kg−1 in those with a normal TPMT level, and to reduce the frequency with which we undertake tests of bone marrow and liver function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04922.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is hypoallergenic a credible term? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 29 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypoallergenic is a term that is frequently applied to cosmetics and is intended to imply a very low likelihood of developing or potentiating allergic cutaneous reactions. However there are neither industry standards nor legal requirements which must be fulfilled in order to make this claim. We describe a 25-year-old woman referred with worsening eczema which she related to the use of two skincare products. Both had been promoted as hypoallergenic and ‘preservative free’; chemical analysis using HPLC confirmed the presence of methyldibromoglutaronitrile and formaldehyde, both at robust concentrations. We consider it unlikely that these were present as contaminants and suggest that the term hypoallergenic must be interpreted with caution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01521.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case 2 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 29 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01509.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probiotic impact on microbial flora, inflammation and tumour development in IL-10 knockout mice (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The enteric bacterial flora has been implicated in the pathogenesis of enterocolitis and colon cancer in C57BL/6 IL-10 knockout mice. Probiotic Lactobacilli modify the enteric flora and are thought to have a beneficial effect on enterocolitis. We conducted a controlled feeding trial in IL-10 knockout mice using the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius UCC118.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To determine the effect of probiotic consumption on the gastrointestinal microflora, tumour development and colitis in IL-10 knockout mice.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Twenty IL-10 knockout mice were studied (10 consumed probiotic organisms in milk and 10 consumed unmodified milk) for 16 weeks. Faecal microbial analysis was performed weekly to enumerate excretion of the probiotic UCC118, total lactobacilli, Clostridium perfringens, bacteroides, coliforms, bifidobacteria and enterococci. At sacrifice, the small and large bowel were microbiologically and histologically assessed.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: L. salivarius UCC118 was detected in faeces from all mice in the probiotic fed group, but not the control group. Faecal coliform and enterococci levels were significantly reduced in probiotic fed animals compared to the controls (P 〈 0.05). At sacrifice, a significant reduction in C. perfringens numbers was observed in the test mice (P 〈 0.05). There were no fatalities in the test group compared to two deaths from fulminant colitis in the control group. Only one test mouse developed colonic adenocarcinoma compared to five in the control group. Test animal mucosal inflammation consistently scored lower than that of the control mice.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:In this placebo controlled trial, modification of enteric flora in IL-10 knockout mice by probiotic lactobacilli was associated with reduced prevalence of colon cancer and mucosal inflammatory activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01027.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatomal pruritus precipitated by drinking excessive quantities of black tea (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03939.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCP1, a 356 023 bp linear plasmid adapted to the ecology and developmental biology of its host, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sequencing of the entire genetic complement of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been completed with the determination of the 365 023 bp sequence of the linear plasmid SCP1. Remarkably, the functional distribution of SCP1 genes somewhat resembles that of the chromosome: predicted gene products/functions include ECF sigma factors, antibiotic biosynthesis, a gamma-butyrolactone signalling system, members of the actinomycete-specific Wbl class of regulatory proteins and 14 secreted proteins. Some of these genes are among the 18 that contain a TTA codon, making them targets for the developmentally important tRNA encoded by the bldA gene. RNA analysis and gene fusions showed that one of the TTA-containing genes is part of a large bldA-dependent operon, the gene products of which include three proteins isolated from the spore surface by detergent washing (SapC, D and E), and several probable metabolic enzymes. SCP1 shows much evidence of recombinational interactions with other replicons and transposable elements during its history. For example, it has two sets of partitioning genes (which may explain why an integrated copy of SCP1 partially suppressed the defective partitioning of a parAB-deleted chromosome during sporulation). SCP1 carries a cluster of probable transfer determinants and genes encoding likely DNA polymerase III subunits, but it lacks an obvious candidate gene for the terminal protein associated with its ends. This may be related to atypical features of its end sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03949.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myasthenic Syndromes Attributed to Mutations Affecting the Epsilon Subunit of the Acetylcholine Receptor (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 681 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22933.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal harvesting of an age-structured population (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 29 (1990), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Population dynamics ; Age-structure ; Harvesting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Here we investigate the optimal harvesting of an age-structured population. We use the McKendrick model of population dynamics, and optimize a discounted yield on an infinite time horizon. The harvesting function is allowed to depend arbitrarily on age and time and its magnitude is unconstrained. We obtain, in addition to existence, the qualitative result that an optimal harvesting policy consists of harvesting at no more than three distinct ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173910
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in transgenic mice (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Hyperglycemia ; Glucose intolerance ; Diabetes ; Metabolic effects ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 binding protein (IGFBP-1) in transgenic mice has provided insight into the physiological role of this binding protein in modulating the metabolic and growth-promoting effects of the IGFs. IGFBP-1 transgenic mice demonstrate both intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. Organ weight was proportionately reduced relative to body weight in most organs, with the exception of the brain, which was disproportionately small in transgenic mice. There were no gross neurological manifestations of the reduction in brain size. Transgenic mice also demonstrated fasting hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and modest insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and hepatic tissue. From these data, we can conclude that overexpression of IGFBP-1 results in inhibition of IGF action and in profound impairment of brain development, modest inhibition of fetal and postnatal growth, and inhibition of the metabolic effects of the IGFs. Increased expression of IGFBP-1 has been documented in a variety of situations, such as fetal nutritional deprivation and hypoxia, and has been considered to be a marker of metabolic disturbances that cause fetal growth retardation. The observations in IGFBP-1 transgenic mice suggest expression of IGFBP-1 may itself contribute to the growth retardation and impaired fetal brain development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000347
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