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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of stress concentrations around a defect by magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6391-6395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stress distribution around a 50% blind-hole pit in a steel pipe with a 9 mm wall has been studied using high-resolution magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements. A magnetic disk read-head is used as the pick up coil in the MBN probe. The study shows a stress concentration factor of ∼2 at the defect edge perpendicular to the direction of applied stress and ∼−0.6 at the edge parallel to the same. The experimental results are consistent with the analytical solutions obtained by the Airy's stress function approach. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363657
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between the Barkhausen noise power and the total power losses in 3% Si–Fe : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6042-6044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present results on Barkhausen noise power in grain oriented 3% Si–Fe samples of different quality (power losses). Barkhausen noise is measured at constant values of the magnetic field applied in the rolling direction of the sheet. The measurements indicate a strong correlation between the Barkhausen noise power and total power losses. A model is proposed to interpret the results according to which the Barkhausen noise power is related to the density of pinning centers per unit coercive field, an intrinsic parameter of the material. It is shown that this parameter characterizes the ability of the external field to increase the number of moving walls. The model and the experiment demonstrate that the power losses in grain oriented 3% Si–Fe are improved either by dynamic homogenization of magnetization, or by decreasing the domain wall spacing in static conditions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362084
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic easy axis development in steel—the influence of manufacturing (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2163-2165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oil and gas pipelines often display a bulk magnetic easy magnetization direction, and this may influence results obtained during magnetic nondestructive evaluation. The origin of this magnetic easy axis is not well known. Earlier work [L. Clapham, C. Heald, T. Krause, and D. L. Atherton, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 1574 (1999)] speculated that it was a result of residual stresses introduced during pipeline manufacturing, specifically cold bending. This article reports a study in which a magnetic Barkhausen noise technique is used to follow the development of a magnetic easy axis in a steel plate sample subjected to progressive amounts of cold bending. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1305900
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of a magnetic easy axis in pipeline steel (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1574-1580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oil and gas pipelines are generally magnetically anisotropic, with a magnetic easy axis in the pipe axial direction. This is of interest because magnetic flux leakage tools are commonly used for the detection and sizing of defects. In the present study we investigate the origin of this magnetic easy axis, using an angular magnetic Barkhausen noise technique to characterize the magnetic anisotropy. The texture, microstructure, and residual stress are examined as possible causes of the easy axis, using x-ray pole figure analysis and microstructural examination along with high and low temperature annealing treatments. Our results indicate that plastic deformation and residual stress are responsible for the magnetic easy axis, since an elimination of the residual stresses through low temperature "stress relief" heat treatment produces a magnetically isotropic structure without altering the texture or microstructure. X-ray pole figure analysis supports the conclusion that magnetic anisotropy is not related to texture in these materials. We conclude that the axial magnetic easy axis is due to a compressive residual hoop stress resulting from the cold bending and cold expansion of the pipe during processing. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370930
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flux density dependence of magneto-acoustic emission in pipeline steel (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magneto-acoustic emission (MAE) in pipeline steel was investigated to study its dependence on the amplitude of the excitation flux density, ||B||, in the sample. At low magnetizations, the MAE rms voltage exhibited a nearly linear dependence on ||B|| in the sample, while at higher magnetizations it tended to saturate. The ||B|| dependence of MAE activity was analyzed in terms of the pulse-height distribution of the MAE wave forms. It was observed that at low ||B||, the MAE activity is due to domain wall motion while at high ||B|| the genesis seems to be also from rotation of the domain magnetization vectors. The importance of analyzing MAE activity in terms of the pulse-height distribution of the MAE wave forms is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351839
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pneumatic stressing mechanism for magnetomechanical studies (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 619-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low-pressure pneumatically controlled stressing mechanism for investigating the effects of uniaxial stress on the magnetostrictive and magnetomechanical behavior of 2% Mn pipeline steel is described. The apparatus uses microcomputer control and data logging. It has been developed to allow convenient stress cycling so that reversible and irreversible changes can be separated. Irreversible stress-induced changes in magnetization are toward the anhysteretic, in accordance with Jiles–Atherton theory. Reversible magnetomechanical effects may be correlated with reversible magnetostrictive effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139844
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of the anhysteretic magnetization on uniaxial stress in steel (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 4229-4231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As part of an investigation into the effects of stress on magnetic properties, the stress dependence of the anhysteretic magnetization of three samples of ferromagnetic constructional steel was measured. Measurements were taken using a specially designed apparatus which enabled small samples to be subjected to uniaxial stresses of up to 3.2×108 Pa while held between the pole pieces of a conventional 2T laboratory electromagnet with a pole gap of 70 mm. In each case, the anhysteretic magnetization decreased under compressive stress but increased slightly under tensile stress at low fields. Compared with hysteresis curves, the anhysteretic has a particularly simple form which can be modeled using an equation given previously. The results allowed the stress dependence of three of the four parameters governing hysteresis to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334622
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltammetric determination of platinum from aqueous solutions and from urine (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 58 (1986), S. 1956-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00122a009
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible and irreversible components of tensor magnetization and magnetostriction : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 7106-7108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tensor magnetostriction and magnetization hysteresis loops for a 25 mm ferrite magnet cube were measured. These describe the magnetization properties and reflect the anisotropy of the system. The sample investigated allowed the magnetization to be interpreted in terms of a magnetization vector rotation process and described by the Stoner–Wohlfarth model. The reversible and irreversible components were extracted for both the magnetostriction and magnetization tensors. Up to now, very few direct measurements of these reversible changes in strain have been reported. The different magnitudes of reversible magnetization and magnetostriction are analyzed and explained qualitatively by a representation involving both magnetization and magnetostriction processes. The magnetostrictive effect is taken into account quite simply by considering a demagnetized sphere distorted into an ellipsoid of revolution when saturated. The ellipsoid will rotate as the magnetization vector according to the Stoner–Wohlfarth model. Two cases are illustrated depending on the easy axes location. These explain the experimental results obtained with the ferrite sample. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367533
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE HYALURONIDASE OF BRAIN (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Hyaluronidase (hyaluronate glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.35), with a pH optimum of 3.7, was detected in rat and bovine brain. It degraded hyaluronic acid and, at a slower rate, chondroitin sulphate to a mixture of higher oligosaccharides with N-acetylhexosamine at the reducing end. The enzyme was enriched 5- and 6-fold in a crude lysosomal fraction of rat brain or bovine cerebral cortex, and was further purified to a total enrichment of 9-fold by ammonium sulphate fractionation. The enzyme activity in grey matter was more than twice that found in white matter, and there was no significant change in enzyme activity as a function of increasing age from the neonatal to the adult rat brain. The level of hyaluronidase activity in rat brain is considerably greaterthan that required to account for the rate of catabolism of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate measured in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01286.x
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