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  • 1990-1994  (16)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • 27.70.+q  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.60.Cs ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The N=84 nucleus154Yb was investigated through the106Cd(54Fe,α2p) reaction. We found the 16+ yrast level in this nucleus to be formed by the (πh11/2 2 νf7/2h9/2) configuration, in contrast to the lower-Z isotones where (πh11/2 2 νf7/2 2)16+ is the yrast state. Manybody shell model calculations with empirical two-body interactions support our conclusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 21 (1990), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the relationships between mechanical and other physico-chemical properties and the microstructural chemistry is a necessity for a well-controlled development of new materials. A prerequisite for the achievement of this goal is an advanced microanalytical characterization, which can be obtained by application of surface analysis methods. Among these, high resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (HR-AES or Scanning Auger Microscopy, SAM) has proved to be extremely useful for surface, interface and depth profile analysis of ceramic materials. After a short presentation of the principles and the main areas of application, specific advantages are discussed for some examples. Those are e.g. a depth of information in the nanometer range, a sub-micrometer lateral resolution, a relatively high detection sensitivity for the light elements like B, C, N, O, and a small matrix effect in quantitative analysis. The main disadvantages are due to a variety of detrimental electron beam induced effects which are outlined for some examples of oxide and non-oxide ceramics. The generation of electrical charging of insulating ceramics and its avoidance or reduction by appropriate experimental procedures is particularly emphasized.
    Notes: Das für eine kontrollierte Materialentwicklung benötigte Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen mechanischen und anderen physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften und dem mikrostrukturellen Aufbau setzt eine leistungsfähige mikroanalytische Charakterisierung voraus, die vor allem durch den Einsatz oberflächenspezifischer Untersuchungsverfahren erhalten werden kann. Unter diesen hat sich insbesondere die hochauflösende Auger-Elektronenspektroskopie (High Resolution Auger-Electron Spectroscopy, HR-AES bzw. Scanning Auger Microscopy, SAM) in Verbindung mit Oberflächen-, Bruchflächen- und Tiefenprofilanalysen bewährt, deren Grundlagen und Haupteinsatzgebiete unter besonderer Berücksichtigung keramischer Werkstoffe vorgestellt werden. Den Vorteilen kleiner Informationstiefe im Nanometerbereich, der hohen Ortsauflösung im Sub-Mikrometer-Bereich, der vergleichsweise hohen Nachweisempfindlichkeit für leichte Elemente wie B, C, N, O sowie der geringen Matrix-Effekte bei der quantitativen Analyse stehen als Nachteile eine Reihe störender elektronenstrahlinduzierter Effekte gegenüber. Diese werden anhand ausgewählter Beispiele für oxidische- und nichtoxidische Keramiken erläutert, wobei besondere Betonung auf die Entstehung von elektrischen Aufladungen bei nichtleitenden Keramiken und deren Vermeidung bzw. Verminderung durch geeignete experimentelle Maßnahmen gelegt wird.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 42 (1991), S. 169-178 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Auger-spectroscopic investigations into pitting corrosion of FeCr, FeMo and FeCrMo alloysA single pit was produced on binary iron-chromium (Fe17Cr), iron-molybdenum (Fe1Mo, Fe3Mo, and Fe5Mo) and ternary iron-chromium-molybdenum alloys (Fe17CrxMo, x = 1, 3, 7 wt.%) in 0.5 M H2SO4 with Cl- additions (0.02 to 0.08 molar) at room temperature. Compositional changes at the bottom of the pit and in the surrounding passive film were determined using high resolution Auger-Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The chromium and molybdenum content of the passive layers are not changed in the presence of Cl- and there is no incorporation of chlorine in the passive film as long as the films were formed in a chlorine-free electrolyte and Cl- was added later. At the bottom of the pits salt films could be determined in all cases after removing the electrolyte with filter paper. These salt films are strongly enriched in chromium, molybdenum and chlorine. The salt film was not detectable for Fe-Cr after rinsing the samples with distilled water, whereas in the case of molybedenum additions the salt film could not be washed away with water.
    Notes: Ein einzelnes Loch wurde auf der passiven Oberfläche von Eisen-Chrom-(Fe17Cr), Eisen-Molybdän-(Fe1Mo, Fe3Mo und Fe5Mo) und ternären Eisen-Chrom-Molybdän-Legierungen (Fe17CrxMo, x = 1, 3, 7 Gew.%) durch Lochkorrosion in 0,5 M H2SO4 mit Cl--Zusätzen von 0,02 und 0,08 Mol/l bei Raumtemperatur erzeugt. Die Zusammensetzung des Lochbodens und der umgebenden Passivschicht wurde mit Hilfe der hochauflösenden Augerelektronenspektroskopie (AES) bestimmt. Der Chrom- und Molybdängehalt des Passivfilmes wird durch die Anwesenheit der Cl--Ionen nicht verändert, und es wird kein Chlor in den Passivfilm eingebaut, solange der Film in chloridfreiem Elektrolyt gebildet und Cl- später zugesetzt wurde. Auf dem Lochboden konnten in allen Fällen Salzfilme festgestellt werden, nachdem der Elektrolyt mit Filterpapier aufgesogen wurde. Diese Salzfilme waren stark mit Chrom, Molybdän und Chlor angereichert. Bei der Fe-Cr-Legierung konnte der Salzfilm nach Spülung mit Wasser nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden, während bei den molybdänhaltigen Legierungen der Salzfilm mit Wasser nicht entfernt werden konnte.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 756-760 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidationsverhalten von Hartstoffschichten aus CrNx und (Cr,Al)NxDurch reaktives Magnetron-Sputtering hergestellte Nitrid-Hartstoffschichten aus CrNx und (Cr,Al)Nx wurden in Luft bei Temperaturen zwischen 500°C und 900°C bis zu 16 Stunden lang oxidiert. Ursprüngliche und oxidierte Proben wurden durch Auger-Elektronenspektroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Röntgenbeugung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Oxidation von Beschichtungen aus CrNx durch das Wachstum einer Chromoxidschicht gekennzeichnet ist, das durch Diffusion von Cr aus der Nitridschicht bestimmt wird. Unterhalb der Oxidschicht entsteht eine an Cr verarmte und mit N angereicherte Schicht. Beschichtungen mit dem ternären (Cr,Al)Nx sind bei allen Temperaturen zwischen 500°C und 900°C etwa fünfmal mehr oxidationsbeständig, als solche aus CrNx. Die Oxidschicht auf (Cr,Al)Nx zeigt eine ausgeprägte Variation der Zusammensetzung mit der Tiefe. Diese kann im wesentlichen durch das Vorherrschen einer äußeren Cr-reichen (Cr,Al)-Oxidschicht gedeutet werden, die sich nach innen zu in einer Al-angereicherten (Cr,Al)-Oxynitridschicht fortsetzt. Im Gegensatz zu CrNx findet man eine breite Interdiffusionszone von N und O. In beiden Fällen wird der Oxidationsvorgang hauptsächlich durch die Diffusion von Cr bestimmt.
    Notes: Reactively magnetron-sputtered CrNx and (Cr,Al)Nx hard costings were oxidized in air at temperatures between 500°C and 900°C for periods up to 16 h. The original and the oxidized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning Auger electron spectroscopy. The results show that CrNx coatings oxidize by growth of chromium oxide layer on top of the coating governed by outward diffusion of Cr. Below the oxide layer, a Cr-depleted and N-enriched intermediate nitride layer is left. The ternary (Cr,Al)Nx nitride coating is about five times more oxidation resistant than CrNx at all temperatures between 500°C and 900°C. The oxide layer on (Cr,Al)Nx shows a strong variation in composition with depth, which can be interpreted as a main oxide layer of a Cr-rich (Cr,Al) oxide followed by an Al-enriched (Cr,Al) oxynitride. In contrast to CrNx, a wide interdiffusion zone of N and O is found. In both cases the oxidation process is mainly controlled by Cr diffusion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical differences between passivated and oxidized layers on 17.5 at.% FeCr and 5 at.% FeTi alloys are analysed by means of soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The relative absorption strengths were used to obtain a quantitative estimation of the composition of the layers. In FeCr, the passivated layer shows a relative Cr enrichment of 34 at.% with respect to the oxidized surface. In addition, Cr2O3 has been identified as the main oxide formed in the passivated layer of FeCr. By contrast, in FeTi, the results are consistent with the formation of a ternary oxide. The potential of XAS in the study of oxidation and passivation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 560-565 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The preparation of well-characterized silicide thin films for microelectronics needs a control of interfacial reactions and diffusion processes during heat treatment of metal/semiconductor systems. Two sandwich structures of Si(33 nm)/Me(50 nm)/Si(33 nm), where Me = Ni or Cr, with a total thickness of each structure of 116 nm were sputter deposited onto smooth silicon-(111) substrates. The reactions of both metals with amorphous silicon thin films were activated in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), at a heating rate of 40°C/min-1, between room temperature and different higher temperatures. Auguer electron spectroscopy depth profiles showed that the Si/Ni/Si sandwich structure reacted almost completely during heat treatment up to 320°C and formed reaction products with a composition close to Ni3Si2. Selected area diffraction patterns revealed that this is a mixture of Ni2Si and NiSi silicides. A much less pronounced reaction between Si and Cr was observed in the Si/Cr/Si sandwich structure, even with heating to 630°C, resulting in CrSi2 silicide and different Cr-Si solid solutions. The results of AES depth profiling studies of the thermally treated sandwich structures are discussed in terms of diffusion processes, movement of interfaces and formation of silicides. The additional information obtained with differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy enables a detailed identification of reaction products formed in the early stage of the thermally treated Si/Me/Si structures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 563-564 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 157-160 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The oxidation behaviour of the alloys Fe-19 at.% Cr-9 at.% Ni and Ni-40 at.% Fe-20 at.% Cr was studied in situ at room temperature and oxygen pressures below 10-4 Pa by AES using low-energy M23VV transitions between 20 and 70 eV. Quantitative determination ofthe relevant components by factor analysis and least-squares fitting methods enabled a much more detailed analysis of the initial oxidation stages as compared to earlier studies. For all alloy elements, factor analysis revealed the presence of an intermediate chemical state before oxidation which is due to binding with chemisorbed oxygen. Least-squares fitting with standrd spectra of the pure elements in their metallic, oxidic and intermediate states disclosed the sequential oxidation of Cr, Fe and Ni with increasing oxygen exposure. Preferential oxygen chemisorption on Cr and oxidation of Cr is accompanied by oxygen-induced segregation and is followed by Fe and Ni oxidation on top of the previously formed oxide for the Ni-rich alloy. Nickel oxidation is drastically reduced in Fe-rich alloys. After exposure to 900 L of oxygen, oxidation results in a layered structure as confirmed by AES sputter depth profiles which can be resolved into oxide and pure metal components. Together with the small electron escape depth of only 2-4 atomic layers, this procedure gives well-resolved depth distributions within the total oxide thickness of ∼6-7 monolayers for NiFe40Cr20 and 11-12 monolayers for FeCr19Ni9.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 335-336 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 546-551 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: AES of in situ fractured bicrystals of an Fe-4 at.% Si alloy containing traces of phosphorus was used to study the temperature dependence of the segregation at the symmetrical {112} (coherent twin) grain boundary between 773 and 1173 K. The observed enrichment of P decreases with temperature, whereas that of Si increases slightly. This behaviour is described by a mutual repulsive interaction coefficient α′ = 92 kJ mol-1 of P and Si and the corre-sponding pure binary segregation enthalpies ΔH0P = -7.9 kJ mol-1 and ΔH0Si = -3.0 kJ mol-1, the absolute values of which are considerably lower than those reported for polycrystalline samples of Fe—P and Fe—Si. The differences are explained on the basis of orientation, concentration and interaction effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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