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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triazine-based polymers, 1. Synthesis of poly[(2,4-dichloro-6-ethoxy-s-triazine)-alt-(bisphenol a)] (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 219 (1994), S. 27-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly[(2,4-dichlor-6-ethoxy-s-triazin)-alt-(bisphenol A)] (T-BPA) ist ein Polymeres mit interessanten thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften; die Monomeren 2,4-Dichlor-6-ethoxy-s-triazin und Bisphenol A sind in technischem Maßstab zu günstigen Preisen verfügbar. Die Reaktionsbedingungen für die Synthese von T-BPA durch phasentransferkatalysierte Polykondensation wurden untersucht und optimiert. Dazu wurde der Einfluß der verschiedenen Reaktionsvariablen wie Temperatur, Reaktionszeit, Art und Konzentration des Phasentransferkatalysators, Monomerkonzentration, Lösungsmittel, Art der Base, Salzzusatz und Konzentration eines Molekulargewichtsreglers auf die reduzierte spezifische Viskosität und die Ausbeute an T-BPA untersucht. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, T-BPA unter Reaktionsbedingungen herzustellen, die günstig hinsichtlich der Energie- und Anlagekosten sind.
    Notes: Poly[(2,4-dichloro-6-ethoxy-s-triazine)-alt-(bisphenol A)] (T-BPA), a polymer with interesting mechanical and thermal properties, was synthesized by phase transfer catalysed interfacial polycondensation. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of T-BPA were investigated and optimized. The influence of several reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, type and concentration of phase transfer catalyst, concentration of monomers, type of solvent, type of base, salt addition, and molecular weight terminator concentration on the reduced specific viscosity and yield of T-BPA was investigated. As a result, it is possible to synthesize T-BPA at reaction conditions being favourable with regard to the costs of energy and equipment.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052190103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation and stabilization of PVC in blendsPaper presented at the “15th Annual International Conference on Advances in the Stabilization and Degradation of Polymers” in Luzern (Switzerland), June 2-4, 1993. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 216 (1994), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s, poly(carbonate)s and polymers containing nitrile groups (poly(acrylonitrile), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and/or C — C double bonds (nitrile rubber, high-impact poly(styrene)). The thermal stability was measured at 180°C in nitrogen, and the evolved HCl was detected by conductometry.It is shown that the nature of the ester group and the content of nitrile groups and C - C double bonds are the dominating factors for the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) in these blends. An influence of the miscibility of PVC with the various blend components on the thermal stability can not be clearly detected.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as a powerful method to study the stabilizer distribution of heterogeneous PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and PVC/poly(methylacrylate) blends. It is shown that the stabilizer can be solubilized either in the PVC phase (PVC/poly(methylacrylate)) or in both phases of the blends PVC/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052160101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triazine-based polymers, 2. Synthesis and characterization of polyethers (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 221 (1994), S. 187-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyether auf Triazinbasis können mittels phasentransferkatalysierter Polykondensation bei Raumtemperatur und Reaktionszeiten von 1 bis 3 h hergestellt werden. Von mehr als 20 Polyethern wurden Löslichkeiten, Glasübergangstemperaturen, thermogravimetrische Daten, Reißdehnungen, Reißfestigkeiten, Elastizitätsmoduli und Schlagzähigkeiten bestimmt. Von den Polymeren aus 2,4-Dichlor-6-diethylamino-s-triazin und Bisphenol A wurde zusätzlich der Kristallisationsgrad mittels Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung ermittelt. Das Inkrement des 1,3,5-Triazintriylrings wurde bestimmt, so daß die Glastemperaturen einiger Polyether nach van Krevelen berechnet werden konnten.
    Notes: Triazine-based polyethers can be synthesized by phase transfer catalysed interfacial polycondensation at room temperature and reaction times of about 1 to 3 h. In this way, more than 20 polyethers were synthesized and solubilities, glass transition temperatures, thermogravimetric data, elongations at break, tensil strengths, elasticity moduli and impact strengths were determined. In addition, the degree of crystallinity was investigated for the polymer obtained from of 2,4-dichloro-6-diethylamino-s-triazine and bisphenol A by wide angle X-ray diffraction. The increment of the 1,3,5-triazinetriyl ring was determined, which made it possible to calculate the glass transition temperatures of some polyethers according to van Krevelen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052210116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of polyesters by free-radical chain transfer (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 210 (1993), S. 173-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch radikalische Kettenübertragung ausgelöste Pfropfcopolymerisationen von Polyestern rnit Styrol wurden untersucht. Als Rückgratkette diente ein Modellpolyester aus trans- 1,4-Cyclohexandiol und Sebacinsäuredichlorid. Ferner wurden flüssigkristalline Polyester rnit 1,4 : 3,6-Dianhydrosorbit und 1,4-Anhydroerythrit als Diolkomponenten hergestellt und zur Pfropfcopolymerisation mit Styrol eingesetzt. Polymerblends aus Tetramethylbisphenol A-Polycarbonat und den ungepfropften sowie mit Styrol gepfropften flüssigkristallinen Polyestern wurden durch gemeinsame Fällung von Polymerlösungen erhalten; ihr Verhalten wurde mit Torsionspendelmessungen, dynamisch-mechanischer Thermoanalyse und Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Der gepfropfte Polyester erwies sich dabei als wirksamer Phasenvermittler.
    Notes: Graft copolymerizations of polyesters with styrene by free-radical chain transfer reactions were investigated. A model polyester of trans-l,4-cyclohexanediol and sebacoy1 dichloride was used as backbone chain. The graft products were characterized. Furthermore, liquid crystalline polyesters with 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrosorbitol and 1,4-anhydroerythritol as diol components were synthesized and used in graft copolymerizations with styrene. Polymer blends of tetramethylbisphenol A polycarbonate and the LC-polyester with and without polystyrene grafts were prepared by common precipitation of polymer solutions and their behaviour was examined by torsion pendulum, dynamic-mechanical thermoanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. The grafted polyester turned out to be an efficient phase compatibilizer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052100114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herstellung und eigenschaften von cellulosebenzoat (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 220 (1994), S. 199-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cellulose benzoates with degrees of substitution between 2.8 and 2.9 were synthesized in a one-step reaction of cellulose with benzoyl chloride in presence of pyridine as base. Their molecular weights were in the range 140000-100000; the glass transition temperature and the melting temperature were 155 and 274°C, respectively. The esters are readily soluble in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethyl formamide, chloroform and dichloromethane and show good thermal resistance up to 250°C. Because of the brittle character of cellulose benzoate, plasticizer (diethyl phthalate) must be added for the fabrication of films and workable, moulded parts. As shown by stress-strain and impact measurements, the hard and brittle character is retained for plasticizer contents up to 20 wt.-%.
    Notes: Cellulosebenzoate mit Substitutionsgraden von 2,8-2,9 wurden in einer einstufigen Reaktion durch Umsetzung von Cellulose mit Benzoylchlorid in Gegenwart von Pyridin als Base hergestellt. Die Molekulargewichte der Cellulosebenzoate lagen zwischen 140000 und 100000; die mittels DSC gemessene Glastemperatur Tg betrug 155°C, die Schmelztemperatur TS 274°C. Die Ester sind gut löslich in organischen Lösungsmitteln wie N,N-Dimethylformamid, Chloroform und Dichlormethan und besitzen ferner eine gute thermische Beständigkeit bis ca. 250°C. Filme und nacharbeitbare Preßlinge aus Cellulosebenzoat lassen sich aufgrund der hohen Sprödigkeit nur durch Zumischen eines Weichmachers (Diethylphthalat) herstellen. Dabei bleibt das hart-spröde Verhalten, wie Zug-Dehnungs-Versuche und Schlagzähigkeitsmessungen zeigten, bis zu einem Weichmacheranteil von 20 Gew.-% bestehen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052200117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyesters with 1.4:3.6-dianhydrosorbitol as polymeric plasticizers for PVCDedicated to Professor Dr. W. Heitz on the accasion of his 60th birthday (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 199 (1992), S. 191-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Gesättigte aliphatische Polyester mit dem aus Stärke erhältlichen 1.4:3.6-Dianhydrosorbit wurden mit PVC gemischt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Mischungen wurden mittels Differentialkalorimetrie, Spannungs-Dehnungs-Experimenten und Torsionspendelmessungen untersucht. Polyester mit mehr als vier Methylengruppen in der Säurekomponente sind mit PVC mischbar. Mischungen aus PVC und Poly(1.4:3.6-dianhydrosorbitadipat) sind dagegen unverträglich; sie zeigen für jedes Mischungsverhältnis zwei Glastemperaturen, die bei denen der Reinkomponenten liegen.
    Notes: Saturated aliphatic polyesters with 1.4:3.6-dianhydrosorbitol units were mixed with poly(vinylchloride) (PVC). The mechanical properties of these mixtures were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, stress-strain experiments, and torsion pendulum measurements. Polyesters containing more than four methylene groups in the acid component are compatible with PVC. These polyesters can serve as plasticizers for PVC. On the contrary, mixtures of PVC with poly(1.4:3.6-dianhydrosorbitol adipate) are incompatible; in this case, at any blend composition, the two glass transition temperatures of the pure components are observed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051990115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain-induced crystallisation and miscibility behaviour of hydrogenated nitrile rubbersPaper presented at the meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe “Makromolekulare Chemie” on “Kautschukelastische Polymersysteme” in Bad Nauheim (Germany), March 30-31, 1992. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 202 (1992), S. 143-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: HNBR rubbers, which are made by selective hydrogenation of the olefinic bonds of NBR rubbers, have been developed, because they show improved resistance towards heat and chemicals. In this study, two other properties are discussed that arise from the fact that HNBR rubbers are fairly alternating copolymers of unpolar butylene and polar acrylonitrile units: At intermediate compostions, HNBR rubbers form homogeneous blends with PVC, and near the symmetric composition they exhibit strain-induced crystallisation. The thermal transitions of the HNBR rubbers and their miscibility with PVC were analyzed, as well as the crystallisation and the stress-strain behaviour of a HNBR of symmetric composition.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.052020109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Anwendung der Methode Coazervativfraktionierung zur Herstellung von Fraktionen aus Polyethylen niederer Dichte im präparativen Maßstab (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Subject of the present investigations is the description and application of the coacervative fractionation method for the separation of amounts of 500 to 700g low density polyethylene. The obtained fractions were characterized by their number and weight averages of molecular mass, the molecular inhomogeneity U, and the contraction factor gß, respectively. The fractions can be used for studies of structure-property relationships.
    Notes: Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchungen ist die Beschreibung und Anwendung der Coazervativfraktionierung zur Zerlegung von 500 bis 700g Polyethylen niederer Dichte. Die erhaltenen Fraktionen wurden durch Zahlen-bzw. Gewichtsmittel der Molmasse, die Uneinheitlichkeit U und den Kontraktionsfaktor gß charakterisiert und können für Untersuchungen zur Struktur-Eigenschafts-Korrelation eingesetzt werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1992.010430411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of non-mesogenic comonomers on the phase behaviour, the structure and the miscibility of side chain liquid-crystalline polymersDedicated to Prof. Dr. Milan Lazár on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2349-2359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The phase behaviour of methacrylic side chain liquid-crystalline (LC) copolymers, with a spacer-decoupled mesogen in one comonomer and a methyl (MMA) or stearyla (SMA) substituent in the other comonomer, was studied. The mesogen is of the phenyl benzoate type and has a methoxy end group. The LC homopolymer (PLC) has a smectic and a nematic phase. The comonomers MMA and SMA destabilize the LC phase. This effect is compared to the destabilisation caused by end groups in oligomers of PLC. The SMA side chains crystallize so that the SMA copolymers assume a smectic-crystalline bilayer structure. Finally, it is shown that the order of the copolymers affects their mutual miscibility.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940818
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility diagrams of random copolymer blend systems (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 577-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: blends, copolymer, miscibility diagrams of ; miscibility of random copolymer blends ; copolymers, miscibility diagrams of blends of ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of copolymers AxB1-x and AyB1-y, derived from the same monomer pair (A, B) but differing in composition, was studied. The systems (A, B) were (S, MMA), (BMA, MMA), (S, BMA), and (CIS, BMA) (S: styrene, CIS: p-chlorostyrene, MMA: methylmethacrylate, BMA: n-butylmethacrylate). Miscibility diagrams were recorded, at low and high temperatures, using cast films and dry films. All blend systems feature hightemperature miscibility gaps. Unusual effects of the compositions x and y on miscibility in blends AxB1-x/AyB1-y were observed. The classical prediction that miscibility should depend only on the composition difference |x - y| usually is too simple. It appears necessary to consider dyad interactions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300609
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