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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a cDNA clone from the larval stage ofEchinococcus granulosus with homologies to theE. multilocularis antigen EM10-expressing cDNA clone (1994)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 80 (1994), S. 703-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932958
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paramyosin ofEchinococcus granulosus: cDNA sequence and characterization of a tegumental antigen (1993)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 79 (1993), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A λZAPII cDNA library ofEchinococcus granulosus larvae was expressed inEscherichia coli SURE cells. Screening of the library with a rabbit antiserum raised against total larval antigen yielded several immunoreactive clones. For analysis of the nucleotide sequence, in vivo excision into pBlueskript was carried out and the 3′ end of the cloned insert was sequenced. Three of these clones exhibited identical nucleotide sequences, suggesting expression of identical genes. The complete nucleotide sequence of the largest clone, EG36, with a 3.4-kb insert was determined, presenting an open reading frame of 2.59 kb. The predicted amino acid sequence showed 71.4% identity to theSchistosoma mansoni paramyosin and a significant homology to a 17 amino-acid peptide sequence from antigen B ofTaenia solium. From these data we conclude that EG36 is the paramyosin ofE. granulosus. For protein purification, the coding sequence of the cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and ligated in frame into the expression vector pGEX-3X. Affinity-chromatography-purified GST fusion protein was used to induce a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Immunoblot analysis revealed the expression of a 97-kDa protein by theE. coli clone and that of a protein with a similar molecular weight in protoscolices fromE. granulosus andE. multilocularis as well as inE. granulosus cyst fluid. Immunofluorescence studies showed that EG36 was localized throughout the tegument ofE. granulosus andE. multilocularis larvae. Sera from patients suffering from echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, and neurocysticercosis reacted with the purified fusion protein when tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation-mediated exchange of virulence determinants by co-cultivation of pathogenic Neisseriae (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 100 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The horizontal flow of genetic material between microbes utilizes three principal routes: conjugation, transduction and transformation. While the significance in nature of the first two pathways is generally accepted, the in vivo role of transformation remains uncertain, despite the early observations by Griffith in 1928 on the transformation of streptococci from an avirulent to a virulent state [1]. Recently, circumstantial evidence was collected suggesting a role for transformation-mediated horizontal exchange in the modulation of virulence determinants of pathogenic Neisseriae and the variation of surface structures. In order to further assess the significance of transformation-mediated exchange we performed simple co-cultivation experiments of different Neisseria strains. We observed an efficient intra- and interspecies transfer of essential virulence determinants; the process was sensitive to the presence of DNaseI in the culture and was blocked in transformation-deficient recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb14062.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact allergy to Bronopol (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 22 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 8149 patients were patch tested with the preservative Bronopol in 7 European contact clinics. The Majority of patients (6507) were investigated in London. Reactivity was low, with a total of 10 irritant (0.12%) and 38 allergic reactions (0.47%). In only 17 cases (0.21%) was the patch test reaction to Bronopol considered to be of current or past clinical relevance. Concomitant sensitization to formaldehyde was present in about 1/3 of patients. Based on these figures, the present sensitization rate to Bronopol in Europe seems to be quite low, which may be related to its less frequent use as a preservative in cosmetics and medicaments in comparison to parabens or isothiazolinones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01500.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylenediamine contact dermatitis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 25 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01867.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of skin barrier creams (IV). The repetitive irritation test (RIT) with a set of 4 standard irritants (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An improved human model for the quantification of skin barrier creams (BCs) is described. In contrast to the previously published procedure, the back, instead of the forearm, and a total of 4 irritants are used. Due to the larger area, 3 BC formulations can be simultaneously compared to the control field, which receives the irritant only, without BC-pretreatment. On 10 human volunteers, the irritants 10% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 30% lactic acid (LA) and undiluted toluene (TOL) were applied via large Finn Chambers for 30 min, 5 × during the 1st week and 4 × during the 2nd week. Taktosan Salbe (water-in-oil emulsion) and RAWI Speerschutzcreme (oil-in-water emulsion) were applied 30 min before contact with the irritants. In order to asses reproducibility and interindividual variation, the BC RAWI was tested in duplicate. Irritant cutaneous reactions were quantified by 4 parameters: erythema score, transepidermal water loss, blood flow volume and stratum corneum hydration by measuring capacitance. The results showed marked differences in efficacy. Taktosan significantly suppressed irritation by SLS, NaOH and LA, which was apparent in nearly all parameters. RAWI caused significant inhibition of SLS irritation, and a positive trend against NaOH and LA was observed. Both BCs failed against TOL. The results of duplicate testing with RAWI showed good reproducibility. The dogma that oil-in-water emulsions are primarily effective against lipophilic irritants, and water-in-oil emulsions against hydrophilic irritants, needs to be re-evaluated on the basis of our findings. This model seems to have potential for further studies on BCs and might elucidate the complex interaction of BCs with irritants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01957.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting photo- and thermoperiod-induced changes in abscisic acid and lipid contents in leaves of mungbean seedlings (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 83 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seedlings of Phaseolus aureus ROXB were grown under 12/12 h light/dark cycles with the light period at 32.5°C and darkness at 10°C (normal conditions N) or with light at 10°C and darkness at 32.5°C (inverse conditions, I). I-conditions affected the level of chlorophyll and carotenoids (very low), monogalactosyldiacylgycerol (low) and phosphatidylinositol (high) in the leaves. Leaves of I-seedlings showed a sharp and durable decline of relative water content during the low temperature phase. For the N-seedlings, loss of water was restricted to the end of this period. The loss of water was accompanied by visible symptoms of wilting at specific times of day. Although the pigment content remained nearly unchanged, ABA content of leaves of both N-and I-seedlings increased during water stress. Upon return to the warm period, ABA level continued to increase after the leaves had regained turgor, this ‘after stress’increase being more pronounced in the leaves of I-seedlings. Exogenous application of ABA induced a slight increase in the content of phospholipids in N- and I-leaves and a decrease in free fatty acids, whereas monogalactosyldiacylglycerol content was significantly reduced in N-leaves after application of ABA. Upon transfer of I-plants to 20°C for 12 h during the light period, pigment and chloroplastic lipid content increased rapidly whereas upon a further exposure to 10°C in light, pigments and especially monogalactosyldiacylglycerol were lost. The control of pigment and lipid metabolism and the role of ABA during chilling stress are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00104.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the biosynthesis pathway of the α-2,8 polysialic acid capsule by Neisseria meningitidls serogroup B (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genes encoding all enzymes necessary for capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Neisseria meningitidis B are located on a 5 kb DNA fragment within the chromosomal cps gene cluster. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed four open reading frames (ORFs), which can encode proteins with molecular masses of 41.4 kDa, 24.9kDa, 38.3 kDa, and 54.4 kDa, respectively. These ORFs constitute a transcriptional unit as demonstrated by Northern blots. Primer extension analysis revealed that the transcriptional start site is preceded by a nucleotide sequence with homologies to the σ70consensus promoter sequence of Escherichia coli. Functional analysis of the proteins encoded by the ORFs indicated that ORF2 encodes the CMP-NeuNAc synthetase, ORF3 encodes the NeuNAc condensing enzyme, and ORF4 encodes the α-2,8 polysialyltransferase. ORF1 encodes an enzyme, which provides a precursor molecule for synthesis of monomeric NeuNAc. In E. coli the subcloned ORFs 2–4 were able to synthesize a high-molecular-weight α-2,8 polysialic acid. In contrast, inactivation of ORF1 in the meningococcal genome resulted in a complete loss of capsule production. A regulatory enzyme, the CMP-NeuNAc hydrolase, which cleaves CMP-NeuNAc to CMP and NeuNAc, was not found as a part of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene operon or within the cps gene cluster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01274.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and functional analysis of the cloned Neisseria meningitidis CMP-NeuNAc synthetase (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 96 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc) synthetase gene of Neisseria meningitidis group B is located on a 2.3-kb EcoRI fragment within the cps gene cluster. Nucleotide sequence determination of the gene encoding the CMP-NeuNAc synthetase revealed a 515-bp open reading frame that can encode a 18.9-kDA protein. A computer data base scan revealed a 59.4% identity to the CMP-NeuNAc synthetase gene of E. coli K1. Enzymatic activity was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Transformation of the CMP-NeuNAc defective E. coli K1 strain EV5 with the meningococcal CMP-NeuNAc synthetase could complement the defect in E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05410.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of galE in the biosynthesis and function of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 8 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lipopolysaccharide is an essential component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and an important virulence factor of many pathogens, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We have cloned the gonococcal galE gene which was found to be located in the gonococcal homologue of the meningococcal capsule gene complex region D. Sequence alignment indicated extensive homology with the Escherichia coli and Salmonella GalE proteins. Mutants with insertions in the galE gene were used as a tool to characterize the structure and function of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. They displayed deep rough phenotypes, and chemical analysis confirmed the loss of galactose from the mutant lipopolysaccharide. Functional analysis indicated that the terminal oligosaccharides contain galactose and that these are lost in galE mutants. The importance of these oligosaccharides in gonococcal biology is clear from the fact that they contain the epitopes that are the targets for killing by normal human serum, and the acceptor site for sialic acid, which acts to protect the gonococcus from this killing. Furthermore, infection experiments in vitro indicate that the galE mutants exhibit unaltered intergonococcal adhesion as well as adhesion to, and invasion of, epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01635.x
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