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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined extradural-posterior petrous and suboccipital approach to the jugular foramen tumours (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 126 (1994), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Skull base tumour ; extradural approach ; jugular foramen ; surgical technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An approach which improves on the conventional suboccipital craniectomy was used to explore a jugular foramen, a hypoglossal neurinoma, and a tentorial meningioma. A postero-medial mastoidectomy supplemented by the conventional suboccipital craniectomy made it possible to expose the entire sigmoid sinus. Subsequent medial retraction of the exposed sigmoid sinus and continuous dura mater and the extradural removal of petrous bone around the jugular foramen exposed the whole extracranial portion of the tumours. The tumours were totally removed by this approach in which the extradural route corresponded to the extracranial portion of the tumours and the suboccipital route to the intracranial portion. Facial nerve and hearing disturbances, which are frequent complications of the previous approaches, did not occur in our cases. Providing adequate exposure with simple surgical procedures and showing no adverse postoperative sequelae, this approach is most suitable for surgery upon jugular foramen tumours with extracranial extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476430
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Historical Factors and Recent Developments in Wastewater Treatment Management in Japan (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Japan has experienced serious water pollution problems, such as Minamata Disease (mercury poisoning) in the 1960s. Since then, comprehensive countermeasures have been implemented including establishment of a legislative framework and environmental water quality (EWQ) standards, enforcement of EWQ standards on dischargers, encouragement in the development of sewerage systems, research and technology development, and wastewater reclamation and reuse. This paper reviews the recent developments in wastewater management in this social context in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00664.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of genetic alterations in renal cell carcinoma using the polymerase chain reaction (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumour suppressor genes ; ras oncogene Renal cell carcinoma ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Very frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p has been found in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present study, we examined LOH at the retinoblastoma (RB), mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor genes loci, and mutations of the H-, K-, and N-ras oncogenes. We performed these studies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses. LOH was detected in 2 of 11 (18.2%), and 2 of 14 (14.3%) informative cases at the MCC and APC loci, respectively, and in none of 15 informative cases at the RB locus in 25 RCCs. LOH at the MCC was accompanied by LOH at the APC locus in two RCCs. No mutation was detected in H-, K-, and N-ras genes in 39 RCCs. Thus, alterations of the known tumour suppressor genes and the ras oncogenes were infrequent events in RCC. The results suggest that the genetic pathway in the genesis of RCC differs considerably from that of other common human carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191428
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep behavior of unidirectional composites (1994)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 14 (1994), S. 16-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The creep behavior of the continuous fiber reinforced unidirectional composites due to the viscoelasticity of the resin matrix is investigated assuming that the constituent matrix obeys the nonlinear creep law and the fiber is the linear elastic materials. Utilizing a quasi three-dimensional finite element method, the macroscopic creep behavior of the composites with regular fiber packing is obtained, giving the orthotropic creep law for the composites. Then, the creep of the composites with random fiber packing is estimated applying the random model proposed by Kondo and Saito in which the neat matrix cylinders are embedded in the regular array composites. The theoretical predictions for the creep behavior are compared with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350154
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital chylothorax in a trisomy 21 newborn (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 252 (1992), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Trisomy 21 ; Down syndrome ; Congenital chylothorax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We here report a case of trisomy 21 with congenital chylothorax. The patient was a male newborn who had been diagnosed as having trisomy 21 with congenital chylothorax. This is the fifth case of the both conditions in English literature. Congenital chylothorax is very rare in a trisomy 21 patient. There, however, may be causal relationship between the two conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389608
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of both GABAA and GABAB receptors in tonic inhibitory control of blood pressure at the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat (1993)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 348 (1993), S. 146-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: GABA ; GABAA receptor ; GABAB receptor ; Glycine ; β-Alanine ; Taurine ; Rostral ventrolateral medulla ; Baclofen ; 2-Hydroxysaclofen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contains vasopressor neurons which increase vasomotor tone. Endogenous GABA is suggested to be involved in mediation of the tonic inhibition of vasopressor neurons in the RVLM. To obtain more precise information about GABAergic mechanisms in the RVLM, we microinjected GABA agonists and antagonists unilaterally into the RVLM and examined their effects on blood pressure and heart rate. In addition, involvement of the other inhibitory amino acids glycine, β-alanine and taurine in blood pressure regulation in the rat RVLM was also investigated. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The GABAA agonist muscimol (3–30 pmol) and the GABAB agonist baclofen (10–100 pmol) microinjected into the RVLM produced a decrease in blood pressure. The GABAA antagonist bicuculline (300 pmol) abolished the depressor response to muscimol (10 pmol) but not to baclofen (30 pmol) whereas the GABAB antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen (1 nmol) abolished the depressor response to baclofen (30 pmol) but not to muscimol (10 pmol). Either bicuculline or 2-hydroxysaclofen alone produced a pressor response. Both antagonists inhibited depressor response to nipecotic acid (7.7 nmol)and GABA (0.3 nmol). Glycine (0.13 – 4.0 nmol), β-alanine (0.11 – 3.4 nmol) and taurine (0.08 – 2.4 nmol) microinjected into the RVLM also produced decreases in blood pressure. The glycine antagonist strychnine (0.58 nmol) abolished the depressor response to glycine, β-alanine and taurine but not to GABA. The taurine antagonist (6-aminomethyl-3-methyl-4-H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-diox-ide) (1.3 nmol) inhibited the depressor response to β-alanine and taurine but not to glycine and GABA. These results show that in the rat RVLM there exist GABAA and GABAB receptors, and that endogenous GABA tonically stimulates both GABAA and GABAB receptors to decrease arterial pressure. It seems unlikely that glycine and taurine are involved in mediation of the tonic inhibition of vasopressor neurons in the rat RVLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164791
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex by neuropeptide Y, neurotensin and vasopressin microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 342 (1990), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Neurotensin ; Vasopressin ; Angiotensin II ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Nucleus tractus solitarius ; Aortic baroreceptor reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin, arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (ANG II), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been suggested as putative neurotransmitters in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) where baro- and chemoreceptor afferents terminate. To investigate modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex by neuropeptides, we microinjected these neuropeptides into the medial area of the rat NTS and examined their effects on the depressor and bradycardic responses to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve which contains mainly baroreceptor afferent fibers in rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. NPY (3 ng) and neurotensin (0.3 ng) injected into the NTS caused a decrease in blood pressure and/or heart rate, and facilitated the depressor and bradycardic responses to aortic nerve stimulation. AVP (3 ng) produced an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, and inhibited the responses to aortic nerve stimulation, whereas d(CH) 5Tyr(Me)AVP (100 ng), a V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist, did not affect the basal cardiovascular parameters and the baroreflex responses. ANG 11(0. 3 and 3 ng) caused a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate whereas at 0.3 ng it did not affect the baroreflex responses. ANP (3 ng) and CGRP (3 ng) did not affect the basal blood pressure and heart rate, and the responses to aortic nerve stimulation. These findings indicate that NPY, neurotensin and AVP microinjected into the rats NTS can modify the aortic baroreceptor reflex. Some of these neuropeptides may play a role in modulation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex within the NTS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166962
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate hypertension induced by carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Kynurenate ; Excitatory amino acid receptor ; Vasopressin ; Chemoreceptor ; Vasopressin antagonist ; Rostral ventrolateral medulla ; Carotid body ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is involved in the mediation of cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM are related to the responses to chemoreceptor stimulation, we microinjected kynurenate, an amino acid antagonist, unilaterally into the RVLM and examined its effects on the pressor response to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The carotid chemoreceptors were stimulated with isotonic solutions of inorganic phosphate solution. Stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors produced increases in blood pressure. Kynurenate injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the RVLM markedly inhibited the pressor response to chemoreceptor stimulation. In rats with spinal transection, stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors also produced increases in blood pressure. The pressor response in rats with spinal transection was inhibited by intravenous injection of a vasopressin antagonist or by kynurenate injected ipsilaterally into the RVLM. Kynurenate injected into the RVLM inhibited the pressor response to NMDA, AMPA and kainate but not to acetylcholine in intact rats. These findings indicate that excitatory amino acid receptors are involved in mediating the pressor response to carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in the rat RVLM. It appears that the chemoreceptor stimulation produces an increase in vasopressin release and the enhancement of vasopressin release is also mediated by an increase in excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid receptorsin the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediate hypertension induced by carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: Kynurenate – Excitatory amino acid receptor – Vasopressin – Chemoreceptor – Vasopressin antagonist – Rostral ventrolateral medulla – Carotid body – Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is involved in the mediation of cardiovascular responses to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM are related to the responses to chemoreceptor stimulation, we microinjected kynurenate, an amino acid antagonist, unilaterally into the RVLM and examined its effects on the pressor response to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. The carotid chemoreceptors were stimulated with isotonic solutions of inorganic phosphate solution.   Stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors produced increases in blood pressure. Kynurenate injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the RVLM markedly inhibited the pressor response to chemoreceptor stimulation. In rats with spinal transection, stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors also produced increases in blood pressure. The pressor response in rats with spinal transection was inhibited by intravenous injection of a vasopressin antagonist or by kynurenate injected ipsilaterally into the RVLM. Kynurenate injected into the RVLM inhibited the pressor response to NMDA, AMPA and kainate but not to acetylcholine in intact rats. These findings indicate that excitatory amino acid receptors are involved in mediating the pressor response to carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in the rat RVLM. It appears that the chemoreceptor stimulation produces an increase in vasopressin release and the enhancement of vasopressin release is also mediated by an increase in excitatory amino acid inputs in the RVLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258457
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsilateral but not contralateral blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the caudal ventrolateral medulla inhibits aortic baroreceptor reflex in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Aortic baroreceptor reflex ; Excitatory amino acid receptors ; Caudal ventrolateral medulla ; Kynurenate ; Muscimol ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) contains vasodepressor neurons which, when activated, decrease vasomotor tone. To investigate whether excitatory amino acid receptors in the CVLM of the rat are involved in mediation of the aortic baroreceptor reflex, we microinjected amino acid antagonists unilaterally into the CVLM and examined their effects on the depressor response to electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve which contains mainly baroreceptor afferent fibers in rats. Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized with urethane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated. To block reflex vagal effects, methylatropine (1 mg/kg) was given intravenously. Kynurenate (227 ng), an excitatory amino acid antagonist, injected ipsilaterally but not contralaterally into the CVLM markedly inhibited the depressor response to aortic nerve stimulation, while both injections produced a similar small increase in basal blood pressure. Muscimol (1 ng), a GABA receptor agonist, injected ipsilaterally into the CVLM partly inhibited the baroreflex response, while it produced a moderate increase in basal blood pressure. 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) (10 ng), a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and MK-801 (30 ng), a NMDA receptor channel blocker, partly inhibited the baroreflex response. MK-801 (30 ng) injected into the CVLM reduced the depressor response to the NMDA receptor agonist NMDA (0.3 ng) but not to the quisqualate receptor agonist quisqualate (0.1 ng) and the kainate receptor agonist kainate (0.1 ng), while kynurenate (227 ng) inhibited the depressor response to all three excitatory amino acid receptor agonists. These findings provide further evidence for the presence of excitatory amino acid receptors involved in mediating the aortic baroreceptor reflex in the rat CVLM. It appears that neurons other than the vasodepressor neurons in the CVLM, at least in part, play a role in transmitting the aortic baroreceptor reflex. In addition, both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors may be responsible for the mediation of the reflex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180675
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