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Resolution and signal-to-background enhancement in gas-phase electron spectroscopy (1993)

Baltzer, P. ; Karlsson, L. ; Lundqvist, M. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2179-2189

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ISSN: 1089-7623

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Notes: The most important factors contributing to line broadening and background intensity in electron spectra are identified and new design principles for high quality measurements are presented. It is shown that time-dependent potential gradients in the gas cell are responsible for a large part of the "normal'' line broadening, while scattering processes inside the gas cell are responsible for a large part of the background intensity. By designing the experiment according to these results, gas-phase electron spectra can be recorded routinely at an instrument resolution level of better than 5 meV even at comparatively high gas cell pressures necessary to give high intensity for weak lines, and in principle unlimited counting times, at a much improved signal-to-background level. The resulting improvements in the spectral quality are demonstrated by spectra of Ar and HBr.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143957

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Silver stains for identification of neuroendocrine cells. A study of the chemical background (1990)

Lundqvist, M. ; Arnberg, H. ; Candell, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of molecular histology 22 (1990), S. 615-623

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ISSN: 1573-6865

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The chemical background of silver stains used for visualization and characterization of peripheral neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and of their corresponding tumours, was studied in tissue sections and by a dot-blot technique. Sequential staining of pancreatic islets with an immunohistochemical procedure and silver staining of the same tissue section revealed that chromogranin A immunostained cells also displayed an argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius method, but no argentaffin reaction with the Masson technique. Accordingly, purified chromogranin A (15 μg or less) treated in formalin and applied to nitrocellulose did not show any argentaffin reaction but displayed a dose-related argyrophil reaction. Equal quantities of other polypeptide components did not give rise to any silver reaction. Further dot-blot studies showed that the tryptophan and tyrosine metabolites, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxindole caused strongly argentaffin and argyrophil reactions while epinephrine, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophan gave only the former reaction. Among other chemical components studied, only guanine displayed weak silver staining. The results indicate that the reaction products between aldehydes and the granular content of biogenic amines synthesized from tryptophan and tryosine display an argentaffin reaction and that the granular chromogranin A caused an argyrophil but no argentaffin reaction.