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  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-density distribution from X-ray powder data by use of profile fits and the maximum-entropy method (1990)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 526-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Following the profile decomposition of CeO2 X-ray powder data into individual structure factors, the maximum-entropy method (MEM) has been used to obtain an electron-density-distribution map. In the profile decomposition process, it is impossible to avoid the problems of overlapping peaks which have the same magnitude of reciprocal vectors, such as d*(511) and d*(333), for a cubic crystal, or very severely overlapping reflections. The formalism to treat such overlapping reflections in the MEM analysis is to introduce combined structure factors. The maximum value of the scattering vector, 4π(sinθ)/λ, which was used in the present analysis is small (about 7.8 Å−1) but the resulting electron-density-distribution map is of a high quality and much superior to the conventional map. As a consequence, the ionic charge of Ce and O ions can be obtained with reasonable accuracy from the MEM density map. Furthermore, the map reveals the existence of electrons around the supposedly vacant site surrounded by eight O atoms, which is probably related to the high ionic conductivity of this substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889890008214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron density in rutile (TiO2) by the maximum entropy method (1992)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 48 (1992), S. 591-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768192001770
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-affinity specific [3H]tamsulosin binding to α1 in human prostates with benign prostatic hypertrophy (1994)
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1994), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: [3H]Tamsulosin ; Radioreceptor assay ; Human prostates ; α1-antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The binding of a novel radioligand, [3H]tamsulosin, to human prostatic membranes with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has been characterized. [3H]Tamsulosin rapidly associated with its binding sites in human prostatic membranes with BPH, and the binding reached steady state by 30 min at 25°C. The rate constants for association and dissociation of [3H]tamsulosin binding were calculated to be 0.21±0.05/nM per minute and 0.01±0.004/min, respectively. The specific binding of [3H]tamsulosin in human prostatic membranes was saturable and of high affinity (K d=0.04±0.01 nM). The density of [3H]tamsulosin-binding sites (B max) was 409±28 fmol/mg protein. The K d and B max values for [3H]tamsulosin binding in human prostates were significantly lower than those for [3H]prazosin binding. [3H]tamsulosin binding was remarkable for its significantly lower degree of nonspecific binding. Six α-adrenoceptor antagonists competed with [3H]tamsulosin for the binding sites in the rank order: tamsulosin〉WB4101〉prazosin〉S-(+)-isomer〉naftopidil〉yohimbine. The binding affinities (pKi) of these antagonists for [3H]tamsulosin binding in human prostates closely correlated with their pharmacological potencies (pA2) in prostates. In conclusion, [3H]tamsulosin selectively labels α1-adrenoceptors in human prostates, and thus may become a useful radioligand for the further analysis of these receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of naturally occurring glycoprotein C-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 129 (1993), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We previously isolated glycoprotein C (gC)-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutants, TN-1, TN-2 and TN-3, from a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis at one-year intervals. In the present study, the molecular basis for the inability of these clinical isolates to express gC was examined. The nucleotide sequence of the gC gene of the TN-1 strain was compared with that of the HSV-1 KOS strain. In the open reading frame of the gC gene, there were 12 nucleotide differences between the TN-1 and KOS strains, seven of which led to amino acid substitutions. Importantly, one of them was the codon change from CAG for glutamine at position 280 to TAG for the amber termination codon. Accordingly, the TN-1 strain produced a truncated gC with a predicted molecular weight, which was secreted into the extracellular fluid. These results suggest that this amber mutation in the TN-gC gene results in a premature termination of gC translation and is the cause of the gC-negative phenotype of the TN strains. It is expected that these extremely rare HSV-1 strains will provide us with valuable information concerning the in vivo functions of gC, especially in ocular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316889
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the major DNA-binding protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 and a comparison with the type 1 counterpart (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 129 (1993), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of a region encompassing about 5,200 base pairs (bp) of the left side of the origin of replication in the long unique region of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has been determined. This region contained the major DNA-binding protein or the infected-cell protein 8 (ICP 8) gene and 5′-part of the counterpart of HSV-1 ICP 18.5 gene. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the ICP 8 gene between HSV-1 and HSV-2 showed an 89.8% homology. A primer extension analysis for the HSV-2 ICP 8 mRNA showed that the major transcriptional start site was mapped at 315 bp upstream of the initiation codon. A comparison of the predicted functional amino acid sequence of the ICP 8 between HSV-1 and HSV-2 revealed a striking homology (97.2%), the value of which was the highest among those of the other poly-peptides encoded by HSV-1 and HSV-2. Some domains, which were shown to be required for the nuclear function, the binding to single-stranded DNA and the nuclear localization were well conserved. In addition, the nucleotide and the functional amino acid sequences of a part of the HSV-2 conterpart of the HSV-1 ICP 18.5 gene were also compared, demonstrating an 88.4% and 95.9% homology, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316894
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glycoprotein C-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 isolated from a patient with keratitis (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 113 (1990), S. 195-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently three strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which did not react with MicroTrak Herpes (Syva Co.), were isolated by us from a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis. In this study we characterized these strains of HSV-1 and found them to be HSV-1 gC− mutants which are very rare isolates from humans. The properties of the HSV-1 strains regarding plaque morphology on Vero cells and chick embryo fibroblasts and viral DNA analysis were the same as those of the usual HSV-1 strains. An immunofluorescence study using anti-gC-1 monoclonal antibody and SDS-PAGE analysis of radiolabeled viral glycoproteins showed that these strains are deficient in gC-1. They were virulent for mice and sensitive to acyclovir and bromovinyldeoxyuridine. Furthermore the infectivity of the strains was inactivated by complement though the phenomenon was not observed in the usual HSV-1 strains. This finding suggests that protection from damages by complement is an important function of gC. In keratitis the effects of complement are thought to be minimal because of the scanty blood supply and this may be the reason why these strains were isolated from the cornea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316673
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of herpes simplex virus type 1 in sebaceous glands of mice (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 123 (1992), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of HSV-1 during the development of zosteriform skin lesions in SCID mice was analyzed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The virus initially appeared within certain keratinocytes, sometimes surrounded by keratinocytes whose surfaces were also positive for the antigens, in the lower epidermal layers including the hair follicles, and then extended upward to the entire epidermis and downward to the sebaceous glands 1–2 days later, when no macroscopic skin lesion was seen. The affected epidermal cells subsequently degenerated and lost their viral antigens within a day, when the zosteriform lesion then became evident. This was followed by a degeneration of the dermis. The sebaceous glands eventually degenerated in 10 days, but some glands in the necrotic skin areas preferentially retained HSV-1. The horizontal spread of the virus in the epidermis beyond the first invaded dermatome occurred much later. In mice passively immunized with specific immune serum, viral antigens were observed even 20 days after the infection in sebaceous glands in necrotized areas. Therefore, HSV-1 appears to spread first via the extracellular fluid among the keratinocytes after being shed from nerve endings, and then produces a successive degeneration of the affected keratinocytes which may prevent any further extension of horizontal viral spread. The pilosebaceous apparatus is possibly acting as a site not only for the replication of HSV-1 with a delayed cytopathic effect, but also as an area that is temporarily sheltered from host defense mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317135
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of bilateral retinal necrosis in mice by unilateral intracameral inoculation of a glycoprotein-C deficient clinical isolate of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 129 (1993), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herpes simplex virus can cause acute retinal necrosis, a blinding retinal disease in man. A unilateral intracameral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice induces retinal necrosis primarily in the contralateral eye and provides an experimental model for the disease. Previous studies suggested that a major envelope glycoprotein of HSV-1, glycoprotein C (gC), is required for retinal necrosis. We studied HSV-1 strain TN-1, a gC-deficient clinical isolate from a lesion of herpetic keratitis, for its pathogenicity in mice with an intracameral inoculation of the virus and found that TN-1 could induce severe necrotizing retinitis in both inoculated and uninoculated eyes of BALB/c mice. Inoculation with a lower dose of TN-1 resulted in a unilateral necrotizing retinitis in the uninoculated eyes. Tissue virus titration of infected mice killed at various times after inoculation detected an infectious virus in various organs including the eyeballs, trigeminal ganglia, brain and adrenal glands. Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) was observed in TN-1-inoculated mice as well as in mice inoculated with gC-positive laboratory strain KOS 7 days postinoculation. Our findings suggested that gC of HSV-1 is not necessary for either the induction of retinal necrosis, neural spread of the virus, or ACAID.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316888
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of a neurovirulent herpes simplex virus type 2 strain with reduced thymidine kinase activity (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 131 (1993), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thymidine kinase (TK) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been identified as one of the factors responsible for its virulence. We have previously isolated acyclovir (ACV)-resistant HSV type 2 (HSV-2), strain YS-4 C-1, by simple plaque cloning from a clinical isolate. Although YS-4 C-1 had extremely low TK activity, it retained high virulence in mice. To determine the mechanism of the reduction of TK activity, a molecular analysis of the YS-4 C-1 TK gene was performed. YS-4 C-1 produced TK mRNA, which was indistinguishable both in size and amount from that of wild-type strains. However, the YS-4 C-1 TK had a single amino acid change from serine to asparagine at amino acid residue 182 of the TK polypeptide, which was caused by a single nucleotide mutation. It was situated within a highly conserved region (162–194) and close to the putative nucleoside-binding site (169–177), one of the three active centers of TK. In order to confirm the effect of this missense mutation on both the TK activity and neurovirulence, the mutation was introduced into the TK genes of wild-type strains. Although all the recombinants were altered to ACV-resistant viruses with reduced TK activity, they retained high neurovirulence for mice. Our study thus suggested that this mutant TK, in spite of low activity, might play a role in the neurovirulence of HSV-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379080
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Necrotizing chorioretinitis in mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 with or without glycoprotein C: anterior chamber-associated immune deviation does not persist (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 132 (1993), S. 225-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary BALB/c mice developed contralateral necrotizing retinitis following intracameral inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The animals showed a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response at 10 days postinoculation, indicating that the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation was transient after HSV-1 inoculation. Since glycoprotein C (gC) of HSV-1 is a major immunogen, we examined DTH and the antibody response induced by a gC-deficient strain TN-1 and compared them with those induced by the recombinant gC-positive mutants. We found that gC was not required for DTH reaction, and that gC was neither necessary for nor protective against the contralateral retinal necrosis. Serial lymphocyte subset analyses of the draining lymph nodes revealed an absolute increase of B cells, CD 4-positive T cells, and CD 8-positive T cells. CD 4-positive T cells but not CD 8-positive T cells increased in the contralateral eyes during the inflammation and necrosis. The coincident emergence of the positive DTH and contralateral retinal necrosis of HSV-1-inoculated mice, together with the presence of CD 4-positive cells in the retina, indicated that CD 4-positive T cells responsible for DTH induction may participate in the retinal necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309535
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