Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of dinitrogen and nitrous oxide from the soil to the atmosphere through rice plants (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Flooded soil ; 15N ; Urea ; 15N balance ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is commonly assumed that a large fraction of fertilizer N applied to a rice (Oryza sativa L.) field is lost from the soil-water-plant system as a result of denitrification. Direct evidence to support this view, however, is limited. The few direct field, denitrification gas measurements that have been made indicate less N loss than that determined by 15N balance after the growing season. One explanation for this discrepancy is that the N2 produced during denitrification in a flooded soil remains trapped in the soil system and does not evolve to the atmosphere until the soil dries or is otherwise disturbed. It seems likely, however, that N2 produced in the soil uses the rice plants as a conduit to the atmosphere, as does methane. Methane evolution from a rice field has been demonstrated to occur almost exclusively through the rice plants themselves. A field study in Cuttack, India, and a greenhouse study in Fort Collins, Colorado, were conducted to determine the influence of rice plants on the transport of N2 and N2O from the soil to the atmosphere. In these studies, plots were fertilized with 75 or 99 atom % 15N-urea and 15N techniques were used to monitor the daily evolution of N2 and N2O. At weekly intervals the amount of N2+N2O trapped in the flooded soil and the total-N and fertilized-N content of the soil and plants were measured in the greenhouse plots. Direct measurement of N2+N2O emission from field and greenhouse plots indicated that the young rice plant facilitates the efflux of N2 and N2O from the soil to the atmosphere. Little N gas was trapped in the rice-planted soils while large quantities were trapped in the unplanted soils. N losses due to denitrification accounted for only up to 10% of the loss of added N in planted soils in the field or greenhouse. The major losses of fertilizer N from both the field and greenhouse soils appear to have been the result of NH3 volatilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335863
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen utilization by lowland rice as affected by fertilization with urea and green manure (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: 15N ; residual N ; Sesbania ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field studies were conducted during two consecutive wet seasons in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine the effect of green manure on urea utilization in a rice-fallow-rice cropping sequence. Replicated plots were fertilized with 60 to 120 kg of urea N ha−1 in three split applications (50, 25 and 25%) with or without incorporation of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata L.) (100 kg N ha−1). During the first crop only 31 to 44% of the urea added was used by the rice. Incorporatingin situ grown dhaincha (GM) into the soil at transplanting had little effect on urea utilization. Forty-four to 54% of the N added was not recovered in the soil, rice crop, or as nitrate leachate during the first cropping season. Incorporation of GM had no effect on fertilizer N recovery. Only about 2% of the urea N added to the first rice crop was taken up by the second rice crop and, as in the first crop, the GM had little effect on residual N, either in amount or utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750468
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 37 (1994), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: control options ; denitrification ; nitrification ; N2O
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper addresses three topics related to N2O emissions from agricultural soils. First, an assessment of the current knowledge of N2O emissions from agricultural soils and the role of agricultural systems in the global N2O are discussed. Secondly, a critique on the methodology presented in the OECD/OCDE (1991) program on national inventories of N2O is presented. Finally, technical options for controlling N2O emissions from agricultural fields are discussed. The amount of N2O derived from nitrogen applied to agricultural soils from atmospheric deposition, mineral N fertilizer, animal wastes or biologically fixed N, is not accurately known. It is estimated that the world-wide N2O emitteddirectly from agricultural fields as a result of the deposition of all the above nitrogen sources is 2–3 Tg N annually. This amounts to 20–30% of the total N2O emitted annually from the earth's surface. An unknown, but probably significant, amount of N2O is generated indirectly in on and off farm activities associated with food production and consumption. Management options to limitdirect N2O emissions from N-fertilized soils should emphasize improving N-use efficiency. Such management options include managing irrigation frequency, timing and quantity; applying N only to meet crop demand through multiple applications during the growing season or by using controlled release fertilizers; applying sufficient N only to meet crop needs; or using nitrification inhibitors. Most of these options have not been field tested. Agricultural management practices may not appreciably affect indirect N2O emissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748937
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a new nitrification inhibitor (wax coated calcium carbide) on transformations and recovery of fertilizer nitrogen by irrigated wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Nitrogen loss ; denitrification ; acetylene ; irrigation ; urea ; nitrogen isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness of wax coated calcium carbide to provide a slow release of acetylene to inhibit nitrification and denitrification in soil was evaluated in a field experiment with irrigated wheat (cv. Condor) grown on a red brown earth in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation Region. The effect of the inhibitor treatments on biomass and grain yield was determined in 25 m × 3 m plots, and the effect on recovery, in the plant-soil system, of urea-N applied at sowing was determined in 0.3 m × 0.3 m microplots using a15N balance technique. The inhibitor limited ammonium oxidation, prevented nitrogen loss by denitrification for 75 days, increased N accumulation by the wheat plants, increased grain N and resulted in a 46% greater recovery of applied nitrogen in the plant-soil system at harvest. However, the inhibitor treatment did not increase grain yield because of waterlogging at the end of tillering and during stem elongation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054388
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O flux through a Wyoming snowpack and implications for global budgets (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 361 (1993), S. 140-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Carbon dioxide is important environmentally and biologi-cally. It is the primary gas involved in the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the Earth. As a component of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas contributing ~45% of all greenhouse forcing1'4. A large ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361140a0
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of encapsulated calcium carbide on dinitrogen, nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide emissions from flooded rice (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Flooded soil ; 15N ; Urea ; Wetland rice ; Oryza sativa L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of N use in flooded rice is usually low, chiefly due to gaseous losses. Emission of CH4, a gas implicated in global warming, can also be substantial in flooded rice. In a greenhouse study, the nitrification inhibitor encapsulated calcium carbide (a slow-release source of acetylene) was added with 75, 150, and 225 mg of 75 atom % 15N urea-N to flooded pots containing 18-day-old rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Urea treatments without calcium carbide were included as controls. After the application of encapsulated calcium carbide, 3.6 μg N2, 12.4 μg N2O-N, and 3.6 mg CH4 were emitted per pot in 30 days. Without calcium carbide, 3.0 mg N2, 22.8 μg N2O-N, and 39.0 mg CH4 per pot were emitted during the same period. The rate of N added had a positive effect on N2 and N2O emissions, but the effect on CH4 emissions varied with time. Carbon dioxide emissions were lower with encapsulated calcium carbide than without. The use of encapsulated calcium carbide appears effective in eliminating N2 losses, and in minimizing emissions of the “greenhouse gases” N2O and CH4 in flooded rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336375
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of methane oxidation in aerobic soil by nitrogen fertilizers, nitrification inhibitors, and urease inhibitors (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane consumption ; Methanotrophs Urea ; Ammonium oxidation ; Differential inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of CH4, a potent greenhouse gas, have been increasing in the atmosphere at the rate of 1% per year. The objective of these laboratory studies was to measure the effect of different forms of inorganic N and various N-transformation inhibitors on CH4 oxidation in soil. NH 4 + oxidation was also measured in the presence of the inhibitors to determine whether they had differential activity with respect to CH4 and NH 4 + oxidation. The addition of NH4Cl at 25 μg N g-1 soil strongly inhibited (78–89%) CH4 oxidation in the surface layer (0–15 cm) of a fine sandy loam and a sandy clay loam (native shortgrass prairie soils). The nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (5 μg g-1 soil) inhibited CH4 oxidation as effectively as did NH4Cl in the fine sandy loam (82–89%), but less effectively in the sandy clay loam (52–66%). Acetylene (5 μmol mol-1 in soil headspace) had a strong (76–100%) inhibitory effect on CH4 consumption in both soils. The phosphoroamide (urease inhibitor) N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) showed strong inhibition of CH4 consumption at 25 μg g-1 soil in the fine sandy loam (83%) in the sandy clay loam (60%), but NH 4 + oxidation inhibition was weak in both soils (13–17%). The discovery that the urease inhibitor NBPT inhibits CH4 oxidation was unexpected, and the mechanism involved is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383979
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane mitigation in flooded Louisiana rice fields (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane emissions ; Flooded soil ; Greenhouse gas ; Wetland rice ; Mitigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was conducted to determine whether selected nitrification inhibitors (encapsulated calcium carbide and dicyandiamide) and SO inf4 sup-2 -containing compounds [(NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4] had mitigating effects on CH4 emissions from flooded rice. Microplots were established within a rice bay drill-seeded with the Texmont rice cultivar and CH4 fluxes were measured over the main rice cropping season. Methane emissions over the 77-day sampling period were approximately 230, 240, 260, 290, 310, and 360 kg CH4 ha-1 from the calcium carbide, Na2SO4-rate II, Na2SO4-rate I, (NH4)2SO4, dicyandiamide, and urea (control) treatments, respectively. Reductions in CH4 evolution, compared to the control, ranged from 14 to 35%, depending on treatment. The selected inhibitors and SO inf4 sup-2 -containing compounds appear to be effective in reducing the CH4 emitted from flooded rice fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361607
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wax-coated calcium carbide and nitrapyrin on nitrogen loss and methane emission from dry-seeded flooded rice (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Nitrification inhibitors ; 15N balance ; Nitrous oxide ; Greenhouse gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of wax-coated calcium carbide (as a slow-release source of acetylene) and nitrapyrin in inhibiting nitrification and emission of the greenhouse gases N2O and CH4 was evaluated in a microplot study with dry-seeded flooded rice grown on a grey clay near Griffith, NSW, Australia. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of N levels with nitrification inhibitors (control, wax-coated calcium carbide, and nitrapyrin). The rate of nitrification was slowed considerably by the addition of wax-coated calcium carbide, but it was inhibited only slightly by the addition of nitrapyrin. As a result, the emission of N2O was markedly reduced by the application of wax-coated calcium carbide, whereas there was no significant difference in rates of N2O emission between the control and nitrapyrin treatments. Both nitrification inhibitors significantly reduced CH4 emission, but the lowest emission rates were observed in the wax-coated calcium carbide treatment. At the end of the experiment 84% of the applied N was recovered from the wax-coated calcium carbide treatment compared with ∼ 43% for the nitrapyrin and control treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336519
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acetylene provided by wax-coated calcium carbide on transformations of urea nitrogen applied to an irrigated wheat crop (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen immobilization ; Mineralization ; Nitrification ; Nitrification inhibitor ; Acetylene ; CaC2 ; 15N enrichment ; Urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of acetylene (provided by wax-coated calcium carbide, CaC2) on N transformations in a red-brown earth was measured in a field experiment with irrigated wheat by determining the change in the concentration and 15N enrichment of the organic N and mineral N pools with time. The study was conducted in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation region of south-eastern Australia using 0.3 m by 0.3 m microplots fertilized with 15N-labelled urea (10 g N m-2; 5 atom% 15N). Acetylene was effective in slowing the nitrification of both unlabelled and labelled N. Nitrate derived from the added fertilizer reached a maximum 19 days after sowing in the treatment without CaC2, whereas little nitrate accumulated in the 8 g CaC2 m-2 treatment. There was significant immobilization of the urea N by 19 days after sowing in all treatments, but the extent of immobilization was not affected by the acetylene. The addition of acetylene slowed net mineralization of labelled and unlabelled N from the organic N pool, and resulted in increased accumulation of both unlabelled and labelled N in wheat tops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369408
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...