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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel medium-energy ion emitter for active spacecraft potential control (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2293-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An ion emission instrument has been developed to actively control the electrostatic surface potential of a spacecraft in orbit. Spacecraft surfaces tend to charge positive when their conductive surfaces are partially sunlit, and photoelectrons emitted, and the spacecraft is positioned outside of the very dense plasma region which is referred to as plasmasphere. A small, lightweight instrument with a lifetime of more than 104 h at a nominal emission current of 10 μA was the design goal. The ion emitter is based on the liquid metal ion source principle; a constant stream of liquified indium is evaporated from the tip of a needle and ionized; the ions are then extracted by a strong electric field. The size of the instrument is about 18 by 15 by 23 cm (length×width×height) and the entire instrument weighs about 1.9 kg and consumes 2.4 W of electrical power in the nominal emission mode. An instrument of this type is already operational on the Japanese Geotail spacecraft, while five more instruments are at the stage of flight model assembly for integration on the Russian Interball satellite and the ESA/NASA four-spacecraft Cluster mission. The Geotail instrument is functioning as expected. Preliminary results show that the ion emitter is able to reduce surface potentials of +70 V (highest value observed up to now) down to 2–4 V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143924
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantization of dynamical systems subject to second class constraints (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 34 (1993), S. 50-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the operator formulation of the quantization of dynamical systems subject to second class constraints by Batalin and Fradkin (BF method) is equivalent to the projection-operator method (POM), which is the alternative method of the quantization of such systems, at the commutator level. It is also shown that the commutators in the BF method as well as those in the POM contain a quantum effect, which is completely missed in the usual quantization scheme with the Dirac brackets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.530386
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sawtooth stabilization by localized electron cyclotron heating in the WT-3 tokamak (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3675-3688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect on sawtooth oscillations (STO) by localized electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECH) on the WT-3 tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 1, p. 563] is studied. STO are strongly modified or stabilized by ECH near the q=1 surface, where q refers to the safety factor. The effect of ECH is much stronger when it is applied on the high-field side as compared to the low-field side. Further, even when ECH is applied outside the q=1 surface, the amplitude of STO decreases and STO stabilizes. In the very high qL discharge, the excitation of STO can be obtained by applying ECH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sawtooth stabilization by electron cyclotron heating at the q=1 surface in the WT-3 tokamak (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2200-2204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sawtooth oscillations (STO) in the Ohmically heated (OH) WT-3 tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1988 (IAEA, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 1, p. 563] are strongly modified or suppressed by localized electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) near the q=1 surface, where q refers to the safety factor. The effect of ECH is much stronger when it is applied on the high-field side, as compared to the low-field side. Complete suppression of the STO is achieved for the duration of the ECH when it is applied on the high-field side, in a low-density plasma, provided the ECH power exceeds a threshold value. This threshold decreases with the increasing safety factor at the limiter qL and the complete stabilization of STO can be obtained even when ECH is applied on the low-field side in the high-qL region. It is noticeable that these complete stabilizations can be obtained only by the localized ECH with the elliptic antenna. The STO stabilization is attributed to a modification of the current density profile by high-energy electrons generated by ECH, which reduces the shear in the q=1 region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859636
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of Ti(a3F, a5F) and V(a4F, a6D) Depletion by NH3 and H2S (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 13286-13293 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100101a030
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of various types of chronic granulomatous disease with the monoclonal antibody 7D5 directed against the small subunit of surface cytochrome b558 (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four different types of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) were analysed with the monoclonal antibody, 7D5, directed against the small 23 kD subunit of cytochrome b558 using a flow cytometric fluorescence analytical method. 7D5 immunofluorescent surface staining of granulocytes was absent in 12 patients with X-linked cytochrome b558 deficiency, in 2 patients with variant X-linked CGD with residual (X-forming activity and in 2 patients with autosomal recessive cytochrome b558 deficiency. The mothers of the patients with the X-linked form of CGD had 2 cell populations, one 7D5 negative or weakly positive and one 7D5 positive. The granulocytes of both parents of one patient with autosomal recessive cytochrome b558 deficiency had slightly reduced fluorescence intensity comparable to their reduced cytochrome b558 content. Three CGD patients with normal cytochrome b558 and their parents had granulocytes normally stained with antibody 7D5. 7D5 antibody enables rapid detection and classification of CGD patients with cytochrome b558 deficiency as well as rapid identification of heterozygous carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00194.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermal patch anaesthesia for venous cannulation with 10% lignocaine gel containing glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium as an absorption promoter (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The clinical efficacy of transdermal 10% lignocaine gel mixture containing 3% w/w glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium as an absorption promoter was evaluated at venous cannulation in 17 paediatric (6–11 years) and 17 adult (29–65 years) patients. After about 60 min of occlusive application, the mean (SD) pinprick pain score was 0.7 (0.7) in the paediatric group, compared with 1.4 (1.3) in the adults (p 〈 0.05). Twenty-five patients (14 children and 11 adults) who had a pinprick score of 0 or 1 underwent venous cannulation without intradermal local anaesthetic. The mean (SD) pain scores at venepuncture showed no significant differences between children and adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02398.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structures of LuFeO3(ZnO)m (m =1, 4, 5 and 6) (1994)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 332-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270193008108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    B Lymphoblasts show Oxidase Activity in Response to Cross-Linking of Surface IgM and HLA-DR (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 35 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human B lymphocytes express components of the superoxide generating system of phagocytes, NADPH oxidase. We studied regulation of this ‘B-cell oxidase’ during in vitro blast transformation, using Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence (CL) to detect superoxide release. While freshly isolated tonsil B lymphocytes showed no CL responses, culture with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin induced susceptibility to CL triggering by anti-IgM and anti-HLA-DR. Maximal effects were observed after 3 days of culture with 0.4 ng/ml PMA+1μg/ml ionomycin. Cells from such B lymphoblast cultures showed no CL responses to opsonized zymosan. In contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, where monocytes are the predominant oxidant source, showed CL responses to opsonized zymosan but not to anti-IgM and anti-HLA-DR, either before or afterculture with PMA+ionomycin.Culture of B cells with the surface immunoglobulin cross-linking agent staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 also led to emergence of a CL response to anti-IgM, which was enhanced by interferon-γ. Interestingly, markedly fewer B blasts than freshly isolated B lymphocytes expressed cytochrome b-558 surface antigen. Thus, the B-cell oxidase is up-regulated during blast transformation and can be triggered via surface IgM and HLA-DR; however, this appears to be restricted to a subset of B lymphoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03255.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic effects of benzalacetone and benzophenone on the electrocrystallization of tin from acid stannous sulphate solutions (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The synergistic effects of two kinds of aromatic ketones (benzalacetone (BA), benzophenone(BP)) and N,N-bis(polyoxyethylene)octadecylamines (POOA) on the surface morphology and the crystal orientation of electrodeposited tin from acid stannous sulphate solutions have been studied by electrochemical methods, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. BA itself had no effect on the reduction of tin (II) ions, but the reduction product of BA had a strong inhibitory effect on the reduction of tin (II) ions. However, the inhibitory effect of BP was stronger than that of the reduction product of BP. POOA induced a uniform deposition of tin over the whole surface, but the crystal grain size and the surface roughness of electrodeposited tin were relatively large. On the other hand, fine-grained and smooth electrodeposited tin, which had a preferred orientation with the (10 0) plane parallel to the surface, were obtained from acid stannous sulphate solutions containing POOA, BA and BP due to the synergistic effects of the three kinds of adsorbed species. It was found that BA has a levelling action and BP has a grain refinement action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254152
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