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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nepotism in the honey bee (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 346 (1990), S. 708-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PAGE AND ROBINSON REPLY-The ability of worker honey bees to discriminate among queen larvae on the basis of kinship has been controversial since two papers were published in 1984, when R.E.P. and Erickson reported19 that workers could distinguish between nestmate and non-nestmate larvae while ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/346708a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of inheritance with RAPD molecular markers reveal novel types of polymorphism in the honey bee (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ; Apis mellifera ; Genetic markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to generate random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) from honey bee DNA samples in order to follow the patterns of inheritance of RAPD markers in a haplodiploid insect. The genomic DNA samples from two parental bees, a haploid drone and a diploid queen, were screened for polymorphism with 68 different tennucleotide primers of random sequence. Parents were scored for the presence or absence of individual bands. An average of 6.3 bands and 1.3 polymorphisms for presence/absence were observed per primer between the parents. Thirteen of these primers were used to determine the inheritance of RAPD marker alleles in the resulting progeny and in haploid drones from a daughter queen. Four types of polymorphisms were observed. Polymorphisms for band presence/absence as well as for band brightness were inherited as dominant markers, meeting Mendelian expectations in haploid and diploid progeny. Polymorphisms for fragment-length were also observed. These segregated in a near 1∶1 ratio in drone progeny. The last type of polymorphism was manifested as a diploid-specific band. Mixing of amplification products after PCR showed that the diploid-specific band was the result of heteroduplex formation from the DNA of alternate alleles in heterozygotes. In two of the four cases of heteroduplex formation, the alternative alleles were manifested as small fragment-length polymorphisms, resulting in co-dominant markers. This is the first demonstration that a proportion of RAPD markers are not inherited in a dominant fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223839
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage analysis of sex determination in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 244 (1994), S. 512-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: RAPD markers ; Sequence-tagged site (STS) ; Haplodiploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A colony-level phenotype was used to map the major sex determination locus (designatedX) in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Individual queen bees (reproductive females) were mated to single drones (fertile males) by instrumental insemination. Haploid drone progeny of an F1 queen were each backcrossed to daughter queens from one of the parental lines. Ninety-eight of the resulting colonies containing backcross progeny were evaluated for the trait ‘low brood-viability’ resulting from the production of diploid drones that were homozygous atX. DNA samples from the haploid drone fathers of these colonies were used individually in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with 10-base primers. These reactions generated random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that were analyzed for cosegregation with the colony-level phenotype. One RAPD marker allele was shared by 22 of 25 drones that fathered low brood-viability colonies. The RAPD marker fragment was cloned and partially sequenced. Two primers were designed that define a sequence-tagged site (STS) for this locus. The primers amplified DNA marker fragments that cosegregated with the original RAPD marker. In order to more precisely estimate the linkage betweenX and the STS locus, another group of bees consisting of progeny from one of the low-brood viability colonies was used in segregation analysis. Four diploid drones and 181 of their diploid sisters (workers, nonfertile females) were tested for segregation of the RAPD and STS markers. The cosegregating RAPD and STS markers were codominant due to the occurrence of fragment-length alleles. The four diploid drones were homozygous for these markers but only three of the 181 workers were homozygotes (recombinants). Therefore the distance betweenX and the STS locus was estimated at 1.6 cM. An additional linked marker was found that was 6.6 cM from the STS locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583902
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic variation in susceptibility of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to infestation by tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 8 (1990), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two-way selection for lines of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) susceptible and resistant to infestation by tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi Rennie) was conducted for two generations. Individuals of the susceptible line were 1.4 and 2.4 times more likely to become infested by female mites after the first and second generations, respectively. These results demonstrate that genotypic variability exsts within North American populations and that selection for resistance is feasible. The mechanisms of resistance are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202137
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extractable hydrocarbons and kin recognition in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 745-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; hydrocarbons ; kin recognition ; genetic relatedness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrocarbons of worker honeybees of known pedigree were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Variability in hydrocarbon extracts of individual workers is determined at least in part genetically. Correlations in hydrocarbon composition of extracts were highest among more closely related individuals. Individuals maintained in groups exchange hydrocarbons but still maintain enough self-produced compounds to retain genetically determined individual characteristics. These results demonstrate that extractable hydrocarbons of bees provide sufficiently reliable genetic information to function as labels for use during kin recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994197
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and interspecific nestmate recognition inMelipona workers (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 463-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: stingless bees ; Melipona ; nestmate recognition ; Apis mellifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The possible significance of nestmate recognition in prevention of robbing and parasitism in three species of stingless bees was assessed. Nestmate discrimination abilities vary among them; Melipona quadrifasciataworkers attacked 74% of nonnestmate conspecifics that were encountered, while M. scutellarisand M. rufiventriswere less discriminating, attacking only 14 and 60% of non-nestmates, respectively. In tests of interspecific interactions, M. quadrifasciataand M. scutellariswere the least mutually tolerant of all species pairs tested. Tests with Apis melliferashowed a high degree of intolerance by two of the three Meliponaspecies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049331
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracolonial behavioral variation in worker oviposition, oophagy, and larval care in queenless honey bee colonies (1990)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 26 (1990), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two experiments were performed to determine whether worker reproduction in queenless honey bee colonies is influenced by colony genetic structure. In Experiment 1, allozyme analyses of workers and worker-derived drone larvae revealed that in half the colonies, there were genotypic differences in worker egg-laying behavior (presumed to involve actual oviposition), but biases in drone production were not always consistent with biases in egg-laying behavior. In Experiment 2, allozyme analyses again revealed intracolonial differences in egg-laying behavior and in behavior patterns thought to involve oophagy and larval care. Data support the hypothesis of a genetic influence on this intracolonial behavioral variation. Differences in the genotypic distributions of worker-derived drones relative to workers engaged in oviposition behavior in queenless colonies may be a consequence of genetic variability for egg production or for treatment of eggs and larvae (possibly coupled with kin recognition), or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171096
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Division of labor during honey bee colony defense (1990)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 27 (1990), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Some worker honey bees respond to major disturbances of the colony by flying around the assailant and possibly stinging; they are a subset of the bees involved in colony defense. These defenders have an open-ended age distribution similar to that of foragers, but defensive behavior is initiated at a younger age than foraging is. Behavioral and genetic evidence shows that defenders and foragers are distinct groups of older workers. Behaviorally, defenders have less worn wings than foragers, suggesting less flight activity. Genetically, defenders differ in allozyme frequencies, demonstrating different subfamily composition from foragers in the same colony. They also differ in allozyme frequencies from guards in the same colony, providing further evidence for division of labor associated with colony defense. We use this information to develop a model for honey bee colony defense involving at least two distinct groups of workers and we propose that the non-guard defenders be called “soldiers”, due to their important role in colony defense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164065
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of interactions among genotypically diverse nestmates on task specialization by foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera) (1992)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 30 (1992), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have shown that differences in patterns of task specialization among nestmate honeybee workers (Apis mellifera) can be explained, in part, as a consequence of genotypic variability. Here, we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that an individual's pattern of task specialization is affected not only by her own genotype, but, indirectly, by the genotypes of her nestmates. Workers from two strains of honey bees, one selected for high pollen hoarding, the other for low pollen hoarding, were observed in colonies of their respective parent strains and in colonies of the other strain. Worker genotype and host-colony type affected foraging activity. Workers from the high strain fostered in low-strain colonies returned with pollen on 75.6% of total foraging trips, while workers from the high strain fostered in high-strain colonies returned with pollen on 53.5% of total trips. Workers from the low strain fostered in low-strain colonies returned with pollen on 34.8% of total foraging trips while workers from the low strain fostered in high-strain colonies returned with pollen on 2.6% of total trips. Similar results were obtained in a second experiment. We suggest that workers influence the behavior of their nestmates indirectly through their effects on the shared colony environment. The asymmetry seen in the response of workers from these strains to the two types of colony environments also suggests that these genotypes exhibit different norms of reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166706
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive competition in queenless honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 35 (1994), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Apis mellifera ; Genetics ; Drone production ; Allozymes ; Reproductive conflict
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previously we reported that there are subfamily differences in drone production in queenless honey bee colonies, but these biases are not always explained by subfamily differences in oviposition behavior. Here we determine whether these puzzling results are best explained by either inadequate sampling of the laying worker population or reproductive conflict among workers resulting in differential treatment of eggs and larvae. Using colonies composed of workers from electrophoretically distinct subfamilies, we collected samples of adult bees engaged in the following behavior: “true” egg laying, “false” egg laying, indeterminate egg laying, egg cannibalism, or nursing (contact with larvae). We also collected samples of drone brood at four different ages: 0 to 2.5-h-old eggs, 0 to 24-h-old eggs, 3 to 8-day-old larvae, and 9 to 14-day-old larvae and pupae. Allozyme analyses revealed significant subfamily differences in the likelihood of exhibiting egg laying, egg cannibalism, and nursing behavior, as well as significant subfamily differences in drone production. There were no subfamily differences among the different types of laying workers collected from each colony, suggesting that discrepancies between subfamily biases in egg-laying behavior and drone production are not due to inadequate sampling of the laying worker population. Subfamily biases in drone brood production within a colony changed significantly with brood age. Laying workers had significantly more developed ovaries than either egg cannibals or nurses, establishing a physiological correlate for the observed behavioral genetic differences. These results suggest there is reproductive conflict among subfamilies and individuals within queenless colonies of honey bees. The implications of these results for the evolution of reproductive conflict, in both queenright and queenless contexts, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050075
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