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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. S77 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; probucol ; WHHL rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Probucol has been used as a lipid-lowering agent for over 10 years. Lately it has been found that its antiatherogenic action is due mainly to its antioxidative capacity, in addition to its known lipid-lowering effect. To study the antioxidative capability of probucol and its influence on plaque developement we used the animal model of the LDL-receptor-defective Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. In this study we measured all lipid values before and after probucol feeding and compared them with corresponding values in untreated controls. Probucol levels were determined, as were the physiological antioxidants alpha and gamma tocopherol (vitamin E). Thiobarbituric reactive substances were measured in plasma as a parameter for lipid peroxidation. In addition to the biochemical measurements the plaque area was analyzed macroscopically and microscopically to check the antiatherosclerotic effect and correlate it with the biochemical parameters. In four experiments we showed that probucol treatment in WHHL rabbits decreases the progression of atherosclerotic plaques by way of a combined lipid-lowering and antioxidative effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Di(phthalocyaninato(1-))praseodymium(III)-polyhalides ; crystal structure ; uv-vis-nir spectra ; mir spectra ; resonance Raman spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of Tetragonal α-Di(phthalocyaninato(1-))praseodymium(III)-polyhalides; Crystal Structure of α-[Pr(Pc-)2]Br1.5Brown red di(phthalocyaninato(1-))-praseodym(III)-polyhalides [Pr(Pc-)2]Xy (X = Br, I) of variable composition (1 ≤ y ≤ 2.5) are formed by (electro)chemical oxidation of [Pr(Pc2-)2]-. The thermical decomposition of these polyhalides at 250°C yields partially oxidized, green α-[PrPc-Pc2-]. Due to strong spin-spin coupling of the phthalocyanin-π-radicals only PrIII contributes to the magnetic moment of ca. 3.0 B.M. for all complexes. Green metallic prisms of [Pr(Pc-)2]Br1.5 crystallize in the tetragonal α-modification: space group P4/nnc with a = 19.634(5) Å, c = 6.485(2) Å; Z = 2. In the sandwich complex PrIII is eightfold coordinated by the isoindoline N-atoms of the two staggered (41°), nearly planar Pc-- ligands. The quasi-onedimensional character of the structure along [001] is due to the infinite columns of Pc- ligands. The superperiod along [001] is a consequence of the distribution of the Pr atoms onto two incompletely filled crystallographic positions at a distance of c/2 and the disordered chains of the bromine atoms extending in the same direction. Powder diffractograms of Pr(Pc )2Br2, [Pr(Pc-)2]I2 und [PrPc Pc2-] confirm the tetragonal α-modification of these complexes, too. The content of tribromide correlates with the population of the Pr(2)-site. In the UV-VIS-NTR absorption spectrum of a thin film of Pr(Pc )2Br, the intense bands at 13.9 and 19.5 kK are assigned to the B and Q transition, respectively. The D band at 9. kK is characteristic for isolated dimeric Pc--π-radicals. Due to increasing electron delocalisation as a result of the growing columns the D band is shifted to lower energy appearing successively at 6.05 and 3.3 kK. The mir and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of α-[Pr(Pr-)2]Xy, (X = Br, I) show the well known diagnostic bands for Pc--π-radicals. Thc RR spectrum of the polyiodide is dominated by the overtone progression of the totally symmetric (I-I) stretching vibration of the triiodide at 108cm-1. The FT-Raman spectra are also marked by the totally symmetric stretching vibration of the polyhalides (Br3 : 145cm 1; 13-:105cm-1; I5- 151 cm-1).
    Notes: Braunrote Di(phthalocyaninato(1-))-praseodym(III)-polyhalogenide [Pr(Pc-)2]Xy (X = Br, I) variabler Zusammensetzung (1 ≤ y ≤ 2,5) bilden sich bei der (elektro)chemischen Oxydation von [Pr(Pc2-)2]-. Die thermische Zersetzung der Polyhalogenide bei 250°C liefert partiell oxydiertes, grünes α-[PrPc-Pc2-]. Wegen der starken Spin-Spin-Kopplung der Phthalocyanin-π-Radikale reduziert sich das magnetische Moment für alle Komplexe auf den Beitrag des PrIII-Kations von ca. 3,0 B.M. Grün metallisch glänzende Nadeln von [Pr(Pc-)2]Br1,5 kristallisieren in der tetragonalen α-Modifikation: Raumgruppe P4/nnc mit a = 19,634(5) Å, c = 6,485(2) Å; Z = 2. In dem Sandwich-Komplex ist PrIII von den Isoindol-N-Atomen der beiden fast planaren, um 41° gegeneinander gedrehten Pc--Liganden achtfach-koordiniert. Die stapelförmige Anordnung der Pc--Liganden bedingen den quasi-eindimensionalen Charakter der Struktur längs [001]. Die Überperiode längs [001] ist eine Folge der Verteilung der Pr-Atome auf zwei unvollständig besetzte kristallographische Positionen im Abstand von c/2 und der in gleicher Richtung verlaufenden ungeordneten Ketten der Bromatome. Die Pulverdiffraktogramme von [Pr(Pc-)2]Br2, [Pr(Pc-)2]I2 und [PrPc-Pc2-] bestätigen die tetragonale α-Modifikation auch für diese Komplexe. Der Tribromid-Gehalt korreliert mit der Besetzung der Pr(2)-Lage. Im UV-VIS-NIR-Absorptionsspektrum eines Dünnfilms von [Pr(Pc-)2]Bry wird die intensive Bande bei 13,9 kK dem B-, die bei 19,5 kK dem Q-Übergang zugeordnet. Die für isolierte dimere Pc--π-Radikale charakteristische D-Bande liegt bei 9,1 kK. Sie verschiebt sich mit zunehmender Elektronendelokalisierung aufgrund wachsender Stapel bathochrom, wobei sie sukzessive bei 6,05, dann 3,3 kK auftritt. Die MIR- und Resonanz-Raman(RR)-Spektren von α-[Pr(Pc-)2]Xy, (X = Br, I) zeigen die für Pc--π-Radikale bekannten diagnostischen Banden. Im RR-Spektrum des Polyiodids dominiert die Obertonprogression der totalsymmetrischen (I - I)-Valenzschwingung des Triiodids (108 cm-1). Die FT-Raman-Spektren sind ebenfalls von der totalsymmetrischen Valenzschwingung des Polyhalogenids geprägt (Br3-: 145 cm-1; I3-: 105 cm-1; I5-: 151 cm-1).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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