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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug utilization review in a teaching hospital: experience with vancomycin (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 457-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Vancomycin ; drug utilization ; drug usage evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective, two-phase, drug utilization review (DUR) was performed at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) to determine the extent and pattern of vancomycin use. For all patients commencing oral or parenteral vancomycin, treatment indication, route of administration, duration of therapy, results of culture and sensitivity tests, adverse drug reactions and results of therapeutic drug level monitoring were recorded. Vancomycin courses were classified as being for therapy or prophylaxis and compared with predetermined audit criteria to assess appropriateness of use. During the 8 week initial phase, data on 62 treatment courses in 59 patients were recorded, 50% for therapy and 50% for prophylaxis. Sixty four percent were classified as inappropriate, occurring in 32% of therapeutic courses and 97% of those for prophylaxis. During the 10 week re-evaluation, conducted 10 months later, data for 43 treatment courses in 43 patients were reviewed, 42% for therapy and 58% for prophylaxis. Sixty five percent were inappropriate occuring in 17% of therapeutic courses and 100% of the prophylactic courses. When compared with the initial phase, the re-evaluation demonstrated a decrease in the empirical use of vancomycin in the combination treatment of neutropaenic fever and also in the duration of vancomycin use for surgical prophylaxis. During both study phases, criteria contraventions were mostly due to inappropriate indication or duration of therapy. The cost of inappropriate vancomycin use was reduced by over 50% between survey phases, from $Aus11,500 or 55% of total vancomycin cost during the initial phase to $Aus3,600 or 25.7% during the re-evaluation. The most effective of the remedial strategies implemented after the initial phase was direct consultation with prescriber groups. The effectiveness of this DUR has provided the basis for an ongoing DUR programme at the RAH which has been met with general acceptance by hospital clinicians and administrators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280936
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of paracetamol on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of codeine in man (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 379-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Codeine ; paracetamol ; codeine-6-glucuronide ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; partial clearance ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma and urine concentrations of codeine and its measurable metabolites were determined by HPLC in six healthy subjects after a single 30 mg oral dose of codeine either alone or after 7 doses of 1 g paracetamol 8 hourly. After codeine alone, the t1/2 (h), AUC (μmol·l−1·h) and CLR (ml·min−1) for codeine were 2.2, 0.81, and 252 respectively. These were not significantly altered by paracetamol: 2.2, 0.84, and 291 respectively. For codeine-6-glucuronide the values were 2.4, 22.0, and 29.7 respectively. These were not significantly different from those after codeine plus paracetamol: 2.4, 21.9, and 39.6. There were no significant differences between the two treatments in the apparent partial clearances (ml·min−1) of codeine to morphine (88 codeine alone, 70 codeine plus paracetamol), to norcodeine (71 codeine alone, 88 codeine plus paracetamol), and to codeine-6-glucoronide (820 codeine alone, 1022 codeine plus paracetamol). The urinary excretion of codeine-6-glucuronide, morphine, norcodeine, and codeine were not significantly different between the two treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314972
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silibinin (Legalon-70®) enhances the motility of human neutrophils immobilized by formyl-tripeptide, calcium ionophore, lymphokine and by normal human serum (1990)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 29 (1990), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments reported here were designed to investigate the effect of silibinin (extracted from Silybum marianum) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) motility and on leukocyte immobilizing activity of lymphokine (leukocyte inhibitory factor, LIF), formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), calcium ionophore A-23187 and human sera inactivated by heat (HI-S). In thein vitro experiments, silibinin (1–10 μg/ml) failed to influence the random motility of unstimulated PMNS in agarose droplet assay, but enhanced the motility of the PMNs immobilized by fMLP, calcium inophore, LIF or by autologous human sera. In thein vivo study, silibinin (Legalon-70®) two hours after the administration was effective in enhancing spontaneous motility of leukocytes obtained from healthy volunteers which action could be regarded as a consequence of the decrease of leukocyte immobilizing activity being present in normal human plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966453
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisions of C60+· and C602+ at fluorinated and non-fluorinated self-assembled monolayer filmsPaper delivered at the llth Informal Meeting on Mass Spectrometry, Budapest, 1993. (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 693-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report here the spectra that result when singly and doubly charged buckminsterfullerene ions, C60+· and C602+, collide with self-assembled monolayer films at collison energies ranging from 125 to 320 eV. The surfaces were prepared by the spontaneous assembly of octadecanethiol (CH3(CH2)17SH), perdeuteroeicosanethiol (CD3(CD2)19SH), and 2-(perfluorooctyl)-ethanethiol (CF3(CF2)7CH17CH2SH) on vapor-deposited gold. The fluorinated surface causes the greatest conversion of kinetic energy into internal energy, more extensive fragmentation of doubly charged buckminsterfullerene C602+ is detected in collisions with this surface than in collisions with the alkanethiolate surfaces.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070802
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural investigation of the hydroxy-propynal molecular ion (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A formyl ketenyl platinum derivative, trans-μ1-(PCy3)2(H)Pt[C(CHO)CO] (where Cy represents a cyclohexyl group), when reacted with HCl, gives a C3H2O2 species among the reaction products. The structure was investigated mass spectrometrically by study of the reactions of metastable ions, and the information gained was combined with data from theoretical calculations to rationalize the structure of the C3H2O2 molecule.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070204
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of incident angle in radioisotope-excited EDXRF (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three different methods were used for the determination of the effective incident angle related to EDXRF when radioisotope annular sources are involved: weighted averaging, Compton peak method and minimization of the difference between the certificated and measured concetrations of six international standard samples. By measuring the Compton peak energies of various analytical reagent grade elements and compounds, it was found that the incoherent peak energy depends on the mean atomic number of the matrix, so the effective incident angle is also matrix dependent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300220605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the gas-phase reaction of C3O2+. with C3O2 (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 29 (1994), S. 540-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase, ion molecule reaction between C3O2+. and C3O2 has been studied by both double-focusing and ion trap mass spectrometry, rationalized by the formation of a dimeric, odd electron cation [C6O4]+. which decomposes extensively through sequential CO losses giving rise to [C5O3]+. and [C4O2]+. ions. The thermodynamics of this process have been investigated by means of ab initio calculation performed on the above species using different basis sets (STO-3G, 3-21G and 6-31G*).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210291005
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