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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of non-enzymatic glycation of serum proteins on their permeation into peripheral nerve in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes ; blood-nerve barrier ; non-enzymatic glycation ; serum proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeation of native and non-enzymatically glycated albumin and immunoglobulin G into the endoneurium of the sciatic nerve of rats was examined in acute experiments. Low amounts of native albumin entered both in control and streptozotocin-diabetic animals with no significant difference between them. The entry of glycated albumin was significantly greater both in control and diabetic rats, especially in the former. Permeation of native and glycated immunoglobulin G was not detectable over the time course of the experiment. It is concluded that glycation of albumin enhances its permeation into the nerve. This may be relevant to the increased amounts of endoneurial albumin that are detectable in human diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500376
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometry of endoneurial capillaries in diabetic sensory and autonomic neuropathy (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 611-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy ; sural nerve ; endoneurial capillaries ; basal lamina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve biopsies were obtained from 27 patients with diabetic neuropathy. All had a symmetric distal sensory and autonomic neuropathy or a purely sensory neuropathy. Mean age was 39.8 years (range 23–57 years). Two patients had Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and the remainder Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Morphometric observations on endoneurial capillaries were compared with results from organ donor control cases and from patients with type 1 hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. The area of the lumen of the capillaries did not differ between the three groups. The area occupied by the capillary endothelial cells in transverse section and the number of endothelial cell nuclei were increased both in the patients with diabetic neuropathy and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, as was the thickness of the surrounding basal laminal zone. ‘Closure’ of endoneurial capillaries in diabetic neuropathy, reported in another study, was not confirmed. Capillary density and nearest-neighbour distances were similar in the diabetic and organ donor control cases. Capillary density was reduced in the patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, this being related to increased fascicular area consequent upon the presence of hypertrophic changes. The presence of thickening of the pericapillary basal laminal zone and endothelial cell hyperplasia both in diabetic and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, the latter being a neuropathy in which a vascular basis can be discounted, makes it difficult to use such changes as an argument favouring a vascular cause for diabetic neuropathy. There were differences in the basal laminal zone between the diabetic and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy cases suggesting that the reduplicated basal lamina was more persistent in the diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-fracture observations on normal and abnormal human perineurial tight junctions: alterations in diabetic polyneuropathy (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Human diabetic polyneuropathy ; Perineurium ; Tight junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perineurial cells in the human sural nerve possess tight junctions which in freeze-fracture replicas are seen to be composed of networks of branching and anastomosing P face strands and E face grooves. Isolated circular tight junctions (maculae occludentes) may represent attachment devices between adjacent perineurial lamellae. At the overlapping margins of the cells, a beltlike tight junction (zonula occludens) encircles the cells and is believed to comprise a paracellular diffusion barrier. As the permeability of the perineurium has been found to be altered in diabetic polyneuropathy, the zonulae occludentes have been studied. In freeze-fracture replicas from cases of diabetic polyneuropathy a mixed population of structurally normal and abnormal junctions was observed. In some, the strands were abnormally curved with reduced numbers of intersections, the intervening plasma membrane displaying prominent P face concavities and E face convexities. At other sites, the junctions were severely disorganized and represented by fragmented and isolated strands with few intersections and numerous free ends. These abnormalities resemble changes that have been produced experimentally in epithelial tight junctions by osmotic damage. The possibility is considered that similar mechanisms could result in the alterations of the perineurial tight junctions in diabetic polyneuropathy and account for its impaired permeability barrier properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305868
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative growth and maturation of axon size and myelin thickness in the tibial nerve of the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 364-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve morphometry ; Axons ; Myelin ; Growth changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphometric observations have been made on the medial plantar division of the tibial nerve (MPD) and on the motor branches of the tibial nerve to the calf muscles (MBC) in rats ranging in age from weaning (3 weeks) to 12 months. Axon size, assessed by measurements of circumference and cross-sectional area, increased rapidly until 3 months with further slight increases between 3 and 9 months and a slight fall between 9 and 12 months. Axon size distributions were unimodal throughout in the MPD but bimodal for the MBC except at 3 weeks. Distributions of myelin thickness were bimodal throughout for both nerves. Scatter plots of g ratios (axon diameter: total fibre diameter) confirmed the presence of two fibre populations: a group of small fibres with relatively thin myelin sheaths, and a group of larger fibres within which sheath thickness was relatively less on the larger than on the smaller axons. These two fibres populations were less easily separable in the MBC than in the MPD nerves. These results document morphometrically the normal growth changes in the rat tibial nerve and also provide control data for the analysis of the effects of experimental procedures on the growth and maturation of peripheral nerve fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative growth and maturation of axin size and myelin thickness in the tibial nerve of the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve ; Morphometry ; Diabetes mellitus ; Hypomyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relative changes in the growth and maturation of axon size and myelin thickness were studied in the medial plantar division of the tibial nerve in the lower leg and in the motor branches of the tibial nerve to the calf muscles in rats in which diabetes mellitus had been induced with streptozotocin at the time of weaning. Observations were made at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of diabetes for comparison with age-matched controls. Similar changes were observed in both nerves. Growth in body weight and skeletal growth was severely retarded from the time of induction of diabetes but at the 6-week stage axon size was not reduced, suggesting that neural growth may initially be relatively protected. At later stages axon size was consistently reduced in the diabetic animals as compared with the controls and showed an absolute reduction at 12 months, as compared with 9 months, that was greater than in the controls. Myelin thickness became reduced earlier and was more severely affected than axon size so that the fibers were relatively hypomyelinated. The myelin changes were greater in larger than in smaller fibers. The index of circularity of axons was reduced in the diabetic nerves. These results show that induction of diabetes in prepubertal rats produces effects on peripheral nerve fibers which differ from those resulting from diabetes induced in adult animals. The effects also differ between large and small nerve fibres. These observations may explain some of the disparate findings obstained in previous studies on experimental diabetes in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral neuropathy in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Chediak-Higashi syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical features of a brother and sister with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) are reported. Both showed evidence of a sensory neuropathy associated with central nervous system involvement. Nerve conduction studies indicated an “axonal” neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy in the brother demonstrated a loss of myelinated nerve fibres, particularly those of larger size, and of unmyelinated axons. In contradistinction to some previous reports, giant lysosomes in Schwann cells were not observed and there were no inflammatory changes. Electron microscopy and teased-fibre studies showed no evidence of demyelination. It is concluded that the neuropathy of CHS is of axonal type. Its mechanism remains obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305881
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sensory neuropathy of Friedreich's ataxia: an autopsy study of a case with prolonged survival (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia ; Sensory neuropathy ; Distal axonopathy ; Hypomyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Observations have been made on a patient with Friedreich's ataxia who died 52 years after the onset of symptoms. The pathology of the brain and spinal cord was typical of this disorder. Apart from loss of dorsal root ganglion cells, severe loss of secondary sensory neurons was observed, including the nucleus dorsalis in the spinal cord, the spinal and principal trigeminal nuclei and, in particular, the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in the brain stem. Morphometric studies on the first sacral nerve root and on the sural nerve at levels from midthigh to ankle revealed a distally accentuated axonal loss that predominantly affected larger myelinated nerve fibres. Regenerative activity was seen, mainly in the spinal root and proximally in the sural nerve. Relative myelin thickness, assessed by g ratios, tended to be reduced. As teased fibre studies showed only limited evidence of demyelination/remyelination and of axonal regeneration, this therefore suggests the presence of hypomyelination. The results confirm the presence of a distal axonopathy and provide no evidence that this is preceded by axonal atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454895
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News and views (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 306-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315326
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The clinical spectrum of peripheral neuropathies associated with benign monoclonal IgM, IgG and IgA paraproteinaemia (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Paraproteinaemia ; Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Observations have been made on a consecutive series of 62 patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with benign monoclonal paraproteinaemia. The paraprotein class was IgM in 46 cases, IgG in 11 and IgA in 5. Although showing variations between patients, the clinical picture was similar for those with either IgM or IgG paraproteins, usually consisting of a late-onset, slowly progressive, distal sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy, often with tremor and ataxia as prominent features. Tremor was slightly more common in patients with IgM paraproteins, in whom there was a male preponderance. The patients with both paraprotein classes were indistinguishable clinically and electrophysiologically from chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy. In the 5 patients with an IgA paraprotein, there was a distal sensorimotor neuropathy in 4 which was demyelinating in 1. In 1 there was proximal demyelinating motor neuropathy. Immunoglobulin deposition on myelin was observed only in the patients with IgM paraproteinaemia, more commonly with a kappa light chain. No deposition of immunoglobulin in the endoneurium was seen. IgM deposits on the perineurium are a feature of normal nerve and were present in all cases. Widely spaced myelin was confined to cases with IgM paraproteins in which immunoglobulin deposition was detected on myelin. The response to treatment could not be assessed systematically but, in general, the patients with IgG and IgA paraproteins responded more satisfactorily (to corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, or plasma exchange) than did those with an IgM paraprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319857
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute motor neuropathy with antibodies to GM1 ganglioside (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: GM1 ganglioside ; Glycosphingolipids ; Autoantibody ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Guillain-Barré syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a 52-year-old man who had an acute-onset purely motor neuropathy fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for the Guillain-Barré syndrome, in whom virtually complete spontaneous recovery occurred by 1 year, and in whom high titres of polyclonal serum antibody to GM1, GD1b, asialo-GM1 and lacto-N-tetraose were detected. The titre of IgM antibody to GM1 fell during the course of the disease with a concomitant rise in the IgG titre. This case adds to the widening spectrum of disease associated with anti-GM1 antibodies and provides further evidence for a relationship between anti-GM1 antibodies and motor system disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314652
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