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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Worldwide pattern of multilocus structure in barley determined by discrete log-linear multivariate analyses (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; Log-linear multivariate analyses ; Multilocus associations ; Enzyme loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Data from the electrophoretic assay for seven enzyme loci of 1,032 accessions of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., from the USDA world barley collection were analyzed for multilocus structure using discrete log-linear multivariate techniques. Three major steps were involved in the analysis: (i) identification and elimination of terms that have inconsequential effects in multilocus association; (ii) construction of a log-linear model that best describes the complete multilocus structure of the genetic system; and (iii) evaluation of each of the association terms included in the model. The results of analyses of two subsets of loci show that the multilocus genetic system of cultivated barley, including loci located on different chromosomes, is organized into hierarchically structured complexes of loci. Multilocus structure differs in various geographical regions of the world. The structure of barleys from Southwest Asia, the putative center of origin for cultivated barley, is intermediate for both subsets of loci. Differences increased progressively across the Eurasian-African landmasses in each direction with increasing distance from Southwest Asia, with the consequence that the barleys from West Europe, East Asia, and Ethiopia are maximally different from those of Southwest Asia and Middle South Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity and differentiation of indica and japonica rice detected by RFLP analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 495-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; Phenotypic diversity ; Differentiation ; Randomization test ; RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic diversity and differentiation in indica and japonica groups of the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied by assaying DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 12 indica and 14 japonica rice lines digested with three restriction endonucleases. A total of 49 probes were selected to represent the entire RFLP map at intervals of 20–30 cM. It was shown that 95 of the 145 possible probe/enzyme combinations, involving 43 probes and all three enzymes, detected restriction fragment length variation, and the degree of polymorphism varied greatly from one probe/enzyme combination to another. These results demonstrate that indica rice is genetically more diverse than japonica type. Significant differentiation between the two rice groups was detected by 33 probes representing 11 of the 12 rice chromosomes. It was deduced that the processes leading to differentiation involved a combination of molecular events that include base substitutions and insertion/deletions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226539
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms and the Oriental-Occidental genetic differentiation in cultivated barley (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 682-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: rDNA polymorphism ; Hordeum vulgaressp. vulgare ; Geographical differentiation ; Evolution ; Phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of 289 accessions of cultivated barley were assayed for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) polymorphisms. These accessions comprised four independent samples: (1) 79 entries from China, (2) 59 accessions from Ethiopia, (3) 59 entries from Tibet and (4) 92 entries representing 36 barley growing countries of the world (referred to as “world sample”). In all, 17 rDNA phenotypes (genotypes) were observed, which were composed 10 alleles at two rDNA loci, Rrn1 and Rrn2. The world sample contained the largest number of phenotypes and alleles and also demonstrated the highest level of diversity. Ribosomal DNA phenotypes 104, 112 and 107, 112 occurred at high frequencies worldwide. Allele 112 was the predominant allele of Rrn1 in all four samples, and 104 and 107 were the two major alleles of Rrn2 worldwide. The distributions of rDNA genotypes and alleles demonstrated a clear differentiation of two distinct barley groups: an Oriental group represented by the samples from China and Tibet, which is characterized by allele 107 at the Rrn2 locus (rDNA phenotype 107, 112); and an Occidental group, represented by Ethiopian and world samples, which is comprised mostly of allele 104 at the Rrn2 locus (rDNA phenotype 104, 112). The results also raised new questions concerning the phylogeny and evolution of cultivated barley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224168
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphisms of α-amylase activity in barley landraces and cultivars from China (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 48 (1990), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; α-amylase activity ; analysis of variance ; covariance analysis ; China
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary α-Amylase activity was assayed by measuring reducing power equivalent for 80 accessions of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., representing major barley growing areas of China. Replications were applied at two different levels of the experiment and enzyme activity was assayed on four consecutive days starting on the 6th day after germination. The area under the curve formed by connecting the four data points was integrated as the measurement of α-amylase activity. The results established that there was extensive variation in α-amylase activity in cultivated barley; about three-fold difference existed among accessions assayed. Comparisons were also made between six- and two-rowed, and between covered and naked barleys. The results showed that high α-amylase activity was not necessarily associated with six-rowed type, and that covered barleys were slightly higher in α-amylase activity than naked ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023657
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelationships of allozymes and ribosomal DNA alleles in wild barley (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 61 (1992), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: enzyme loci ; Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum ; log-linear analysis ; multilocus association ; ribosomal DNA ; wild barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A sample of 267 accessions representing almost the entire distribution range of the wild barley, (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum), was assayed for multilocus associations among two ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and seven allozyme loci. Log-linear models were constructed for three sets of data consisting of, respectively, four, three and two marker loci. The analyses established that multilocus associations of different orders are prevalent in this wild barley and the entire multilocus genetic system is organized into hierarchically structured complexes including loci located on different barley chromosomes. The results also indicated that different chromosome segments marked by various loci are not uniform in the degree of associatedness: some loci are more actively involved in interacting with each other than other loci. A comparison of these results with the previous observations in cultivated barley (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare) showed that genetic differentiation between these two taxa and among barleys from different geographical regions of the world is much larger at multilocus level than that at single locus level. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026801
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism in landraces and cultivars of rice (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 245 (1994), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Genetic diversity ; Germplasm ; indica-japonica differentiation ; Oryza sativa ; Simple sequence repeat (SSR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic polymorphisms of ten microsatellite DNA loci were examined among 238 accessions of landraces and cultivars that represent a significant portion of the distribution range for both indica and japonica groups of cultivated rice. In all, 93 alleles were identified with these ten markers. The number of alleles varied from a low of 3 or 4 at each of four loci, to an intermediate value of 9–14 at five loci, and to an extra-ordinarily high 25 at one locus. The numbers of alleles per locus are much larger than those detected using other types of markers. The number of alleles detected at a locus is significantly correlated with the number of simple sequence repeats in the targeted microsatellite DNA. Indica rice has about 14% more alleles than japonica rice, and such allele number differences are more pronounced in landraces than in cultivars. The indica-japonica differentiation component accounted for about 10% of the diversity in the total sample, and twice as much differentiation was detected in cultivars as in landraces. About two-thirds as many alleles were observed in cultivars as in landraces; another two-thirds of the alleles in the cultivar group were found in modern elite cultivars or parents of hybrid rice. The majority of the simple sequence repeat (SSR) alleles that were present in high or intermediate frequencies in landraces ultimately survived into modern elite cultivars and hybrids. The greater resolving power and the efficient production of massive amounts of SSR data may be particularly useful for germplasm assessment and evolutionary studies of crop plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283266
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