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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 14 (1992), S. 91-106 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Keywords: Vehicle routing with time-constraints ; set partitioning ; matching ; relaxation ; Vehicle Routing mit Zeitfenster-Bedingung ; Set-Partitioning ; Matching ; Relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir betrachten in dieser Arbeit ein spezielles Vehicle Routing Problem mit Zeitfenster-Restriktionen. Die Fahrzeuge einer nicht homogenen Flotte müssen während der ersten Hälfte einer Zeitperiode eine vorgegebene Anzahl von Kunden mit einer bestimmten Menge eines Gutes beliefern. Dabei ist für jeden Kunden ein spezifischer spätester Belieferungszeitpunkt vorgegeben. In der zweiten Hälfte der Zeitperiode müssen die Fahrzeuge jeweils eine bestimmte Menge eines Gutes von den Kunden zum Depot zurücktransportieren. Dabei ist hier nun für jeden Kunden ein spezifischer frühester Entsorgungszeitpunkt vorgegeben. Wir zeigen eine Formulierung dieses Problems als Set-Partitioning-Problem mit zwei zusätzlichen Klassen von Nebenbedingungen. Unter der Annahme, daß die Anzahl der Kunden, die jeweils von einem einzigen Fahrzeug beliefert bzw. entsorgt werden können, höchstens zwei beträgt, stellt sich dieses Problem als Matching-Problem mit Nebenbedingungen dar. Wir zeigen, wie durch Relaxation und die Anwendung effektiver Subgradiententechniken und effizienter Matching Algorithmen in akzeptabler Zeit gute approximative Lösungen bestimmt werden können.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we deal with the following special vehicle routing problem with time window constraints: Given a non-homogeneous fleet of vehicles and a fixed set of customers, during one time period, i.e. a day or a week, these customers have to be delivered in the “first half” of the period with a certain amount of goods. Thereby delivery may start at timet start say at the depot and for every customer there is a so-called cut-off-time for the latest possible delivery. In addition to travel time there is a certain delivery-time associated with every customer. In the “second half” of the time period the vehicles have to pick-up certain amounts of goods and to ship them to the depot. Again there is a cut-off time for the earliest possible pick-up and a certain time-span consumed for every pick-up. We show how this problem can be formulated as a (highdimensional) set partitioning problem with two additional nontrivial sets of side-constraints. Assuming that the number of customers that can be served by a single vehicle on a delivery or pick-up-pass is at most two, the problem reduces to a matching problem with side-constraints. Although the problem is still NP-complete it becomes practicable in the sense that by relaxation and applying effective optimization techniques from non-smooth optimization and efficient matching software good approximate solutions are constructed in acceptable time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 36 (1986), S. 301-311 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 90C08 ; Assignment problem ; algorithms ; computational results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir beschreiben eine neue Implementierung der kürzesten-erweiternden-Wege-Methode zur Lösung dünner Zuordnungsprobleme und berichten über numerische Untersuchungen, die die Effizienz dieser Implementierung dokumentieren.
    Notes: Abstract We describe a new implementation of the shortest augmenting path approach for solving sparse assignment problems and report computational experience documenting its efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 50 (1991), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Matching problem ; two-phase approach ; fast matching algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe computational results for a modification of the shortest augmenting path approach for solving large scale matching problems. Using a new assignment start procedure and the two-phase strategy, where first the problem is solved on a sparse subgraph and then reoptimization is used, matching problems on complete graphs with 1000 nodes are solved in about 10–15 seconds on an IBM 4361.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 36 (1986), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 90C10 ; Matching problem ; assignment problem ; computational results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir zeigen wie optimale „Fractional Matchings”, d. h. optimale Lösungen der LP-Relaxation des Matching-Problems, benutzt werden können, um Ausgangslösungen für die kürzeste erweiternde Wege-Methode zur Lösung des Matching-Problems zu konstruieren. Numerische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß diese Startprozedur höchst effizient ist und den Aufwand für den eigentlichen Matching-Algorithmus signifikant reduziert, so daß die Gesamtrechenzeit drastisch reduziert wird.
    Notes: Abstract We show how optimal fractional matchings can be used to start the shortest augmenting path method for solving the (integer) matching problem. Computational results are presented which indicate that this start procedure is highly efficient, i.e. it is fast and reduces the amount of work for the shortest augementing path method significantly such that the overall computing time is reduced drastically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) mediates a number of intracellular signal transduction pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation, including phospholipase A2-dependent arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid production. Recent studies demonstrate that the PKC inhibitor GF109203X significantly reduces a number of inflammatory processes resulting from PKC activation by the topical application of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to mouse ears. In this model, GF109203X significantly reduced edema at doses similar to the PKC inhibitor staurosporine, and more effectively than indomethacin, zileuton, or sodium meclofenamate. Histological and biochemical analysis of biopsies from control and drug-treated ears revealed a marked reduction in edema, infiltrating neutrophils, and levels of the neutrophil-specific marker, myeloperoxidase, in GF109203X-treated mice. Prostaglandin E2 levels were also reduced in ears treated with GF109203X. These data suggest that GF109203X is an effective antiinflammatory agent as evaluated in the PMA model of edema, and implicates PKC as a potential target in the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 30 (1986), S. A181 
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Keywords: assignment problem ; augmenting path method ; outpricing ; re-optimization phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir beschreiben einen sogenannten “In-Core/Out-of-Core” Ansatz auf der Basis der kürzesten erweiternden Wege Methode für die Lösung gro\er Zuordnungsprobleme, für die die gesamte Kostenmatrix nicht im Zentralspeicher des Rechners gehalten werden kann. Bei diesem Ansatz wird in einer ersten Phase ein Zuordnungsproblem über einem dünnen Teilgraph optimal gelöst. In einer zweiten Phase werden dann die nicht berücksichtigen Kanten mittels der optimalen Duallösung bewertet (“outpricing”) und gegebenenfalls eine Reoptimierung durchgeführt. Durch Anwendung spezieller Strategien wird es möglich, während der gesamten Lösung den im Zentralspeicher abzuspeichernden Teilgraphen dünn zu halten. Weiterhin zeigt sich, da\ dieser Ansatz zu einem neuen Verfahren führt, das der zugrunde liegenden kürzesten erweiternden Wege Methode überlegen ist.
    Notes: Abstract We describe how the shortest augmenting path method can be used as basis for a so called “in-core/out-of-core” approach for solving large assignment problems in which the data cannot be kept in central memory of a computer. Here we start by solving the assignment problem on a sparse subgraph and then we introduce the remaining edges in an outpricing/reoptimization phase. We introduce several strategies which enable to keep the working subgraph sparse throughout the procedure and even lead to an all in-core code which is faster than the basic shortest augmenting path code.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 60 (1990), S. 753-755 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hyperfine field of substitutional and defect-associated In atoms in Ni has been determined by observing the radiative destruction of β-asymmetry in the decay of114In. It is argued that the associated defect is a cubic vacancy cluster. The hyperfine fields were determined as −3.30(1) T for substitutional In atoms, and +5.12(2) T for the defect associated atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 125 (1943), S. 155-156 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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