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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 108-111 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acute encephalopathy ; Leigh's encephalopathy ; Wernicke's encephalopathy ; Liver cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 67-year-old Japanese woman with liver cirrhosis was affected by an unusual acute progressive encephalopathy, presenting mental confusion and slurred speech as its initial symptoms. She died in profound coma, following the entire course of 17 days. Autopsy disclosed bilateral symmetrical, widespread, edematous and necrotic lesions, their centers being located in the basal ganglia, diencephalon and midbrain, and their peripheries expanding into the cerebral white matter, cerebellum, pons and medulla. Diapedesis of erythrocytes and serum plasma was conspicuous, in contrast to paucity of capillary proliferation. Although the lesions were somewhat similar to those of Wernicke's and Leigh's encephalopathies, they were considered to be representative of a more acute metabolic disorder distinct from the latter conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 17 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution and proportion of immunoglobulin-producing cells in palatine tonsil, including IgG and IgA subclasses, have been examined in chronic tonsilitis using an immunofluorescence method. Results obtained indicate that the percentage ratios of IgG1 : IgG2 : IgG3 : IgG4 were 53.1 : 35.9 : 4.7 : 6.3. Higher percentages of IgG1- and lower percentages of IgG2-producing cells were found among 3 types of tonsilitis. Proportional ratios of IgA1 : IgA2 were approximately 80 : 20, and a slight elevation of IgA2-producing cells was observed in chronic tonsilitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Energy charge ; Hepatectomy ; Ketone body ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes in arterial blood levels of glucose, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids were investigated after 70% hepatectomy in rabbits in relation to the changes in adenylate energy charge of the remnant liver and ketone body ratio of arterial blood. Hepatic energy charge decreased to 0.767 ± 0.008 within 24 h (p 〈 0.001), and arterial blood ketone body ratio decreased to 0.415 ± 0.041 within 12 h (p 〈 0.001). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations increased to about twice the original values within 12 h (p 〈 0.01), total amino acid concentrations also doubled within 24 h (p 〈 0.01), and blood glucose levels decreased to below 100 mg/dl at 12 and 24 h (p 〈 0.05). Afterward, at 96 h postoperatively (p.o.), blood ketone body ratio and energy charge levels were restored to near normal levels with the normalization of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, and plasma amino acids. These findings suggest that the decreased energy charge of the remnant liver concomitant with a fall in blood ketone body ratio may be the basis of the sequential changes in the blood concentration of fuels after massive hepatectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 916-921 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Radiation-inducedpolymerization ; ethyl propionate ; N-methacryloxysuccinimide ; activesuccinimide group ; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Radiation-induced polymerization of monomers, for example N-methacryl-oxysuccinimide (MASu) and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2G), in ethyl propionate, was performed from +25°C to −78°C. The copoly (MASu/2G) microspheres were obtained in MASu monomer compositions of 30 wt % or below. The average particle diameter of copoly(MASu/2G, 20/80 wt %) microspheres obtained at irradiation temperatures of 25°, 0°, and −43 °C were 0.81±0.29, 0.63±0.26, and 0.90±0.43 μm, respectively. No microspheres were formed when irradiated at −78 °C. The reactivity of the succinimide groups on the surface of copoly(MASu/2G, 20/80 wt%) microspheres was checked by reacting with ethylene diamine. The maximal amount of reacting succinimide groups was 9.4±0.5 μnol/g, which corresponds to about 1 % of the total number of succinimide groups in the microsphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Radiation-inducedpolymerization ; dispersionpolymerization ; polymerparticles ; 1-methacryloxybenzotriazole ; activebenzotriazolegroups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Radiation-induced dispersion polymerization of 1-methacryloxybenzotriazole (MABt) in ethyl propionate starts as homogeneous mixture and the resulting polymer precipitates as spherical particles. Formation, size, and shape of polymer particles are strongly dependent on the initial monomer concentration. Three regions can be distinguished: formation of deformed particles at concentrations of ≦15 w/v-% MABt; formation of spherical particles at concentrations from 18 to 35 w/v-% MABt; no precipitation of polymer at concentrations of ≧ 40 w/v-% MABt. The spherical particles at 20 w/v-% MABt had a diameter of 0.54 ± 0.31 μm for 3 kGy irradiation and 2.93±0.68 μm for 30 kGy. The number distribution of the microspheres shows that the spherical particles with small sizes formed at low irradiation dose (low conversion) disappears with increasing irradiation dose because of multi-coating by newly produced polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 94 (1985), S. 137-143 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Malathion, mass spectrometry ; Organophosphorus pesticide, malathion ; Mass spectrometry, negative ion ; Malathion, Nachweis ; Insektizide, Nachweis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine 53 Jahre alte Frau beging Selbstmord durch Einnahme eines Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittels. Blut und Mageninhalt wurden mit Acetonitril und Chloroform extrahiert und mittels Gaschromatographie (GC)-negativer chemischer Ionisierung (CI)-Massenspektrometrie (MS) untersucht. Im negativen Ionenstrom-Diagramm trat ein großer Peak auf, das Massenspektrum zeigte ein m/z 157, was auf die Anwesenheit eines Organophosphat-Insektizids hinweist. Durch Untersuchung des Spektrums im positiven Ionenstrom-Diagramm wurde es als Malathion identifiziert. Im negativen Ionenstrom-Diagramm war der Malathion-Peak ohne Verunreinigungen darstellbar und zeigte nur einen geringfügigen Untergrund. Die Empfindlichkeit bei der Methode der negativen Ionisierung ist ca. 5–10fach höher als bei positiver Ionisierung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß GC in Verbindung mit negativer Ionisierung und MS sowohl zum Screening als auch für den quantitativen Nachweis von Organophosphat-Pesticiden geeignet ist.
    Notes: Summary We experienced an autopsy case in which a 53-year-old woman committed suicide by ingesting allegedly a certain agricultural chemical. The blood and stomach contents, after extraction with acetonitrile and chloroform, were subjected to analysis by gas chromatography (GC)/negative ion chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry (MS). By total ion monitoring in the negative CI mode, a large peak appeared. The mass spectrum of the peak showed a strong anion at m/z 157, suggesting the presence of an organophosphorus pesticide. By measuring its spectrum in the positive electron impact (EI) mode, it was identified as malathion. The selected ion monitoring in the negative CI mode showed that the malathion peak was not interfered with by any impurities, and its background was very low. The sensitivity in the negative CI mode was about 5–10 times higher than that in the positive EI mode. Our data show that the GC/negative ion CI MS is useful for both screening and sensitive quantitation of organophosphorus pesticides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Benzophenones, mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry, negative ion chemical ionization ; Benzodiazepines, mass spectrometry ; Benzophenone, Massenspektrometrie ; Massenspektrometrie, Benzophenone ; Benzodiazepine, Massenspektrometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden positive Elektronenstoß-(EI)-, positive chemische Ionisierungs-(CI)- und negative CI-Massenspektren von Benzophenonderivaten beschrieben. Beim positiven EI-Modus wurden bei fast allen Verbindungen intensive Molekülpeaks beobachtet; andere Peaks entstehen durch Spaltungsreaktionen beiderseits der Carbonylgruppe. Beim positiven CI-Modus erschienen quasi-molekulare Ionen [M+1]+ zusammen mit [M+C2H5]-Peaks bei fast allen Verbindungen; einige Fragmentierungsionen entsprachen denen des positiven EI-Modus. Beim negativen CI-Modus waren die Spektren viel einfacher als beim positiven EI- oder CI-Modus. Im Falle des 1 Torr negativen CI-Modus zeigten einige Spektren lediglich einzelne Molekül-Anionen; beim 0,01 Torr negativen CI-Modus erschienen Halogen-oder Nitro-Peaks zusätzlich zu den Molekül-Anionen. Weiterhin wird ein Extraktionsverfahren zur Isolierung der Benzophenone aus Urin und Plasma nach stark saurer Hydrolyse beschrieben sowie die Trennung mittels Gas-Chromatographie (GC) als Vorbereitung zur Identifizierung durch GC/Massenspektrometrie.
    Notes: Summary Positive electron impact (EI), positive chemical ionization (CI), and negative CI mass spectra of 14 benzophenones are presented. In the positive EI mode, intense molecular peaks appeared for most compounds; some other peaks due to splitting at both sides of the carbonyl group also appeared. In the positive CI mode, [M+1]+ quasi-molecular ions together with [M+C2H5]+ peaks were observed for all compounds; some fragment peaks were common to those in the positive EI mode. In the negative CI mode, the spectra were much simpler than those in the positive EI or CI mode. In the 1 Torr negative CI mode, some spectra showed only single molecular anions; in the 0.01 Torr negative CI mode, halogen or nitro peaks appeared in addition to the molecular anions. An extraction procedure for benzophenones from human urine and plasma after heating in strong acid, and their separation by gas chromatography (GC) are also presented to serve for their actual identification by GC/mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 97 (1986), S. 239-250 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressants, mass spectrometry ; Mass spectrometry, negative ion chemical ionization ; Trizyklische Antidepressiva, Massenspektrometrie ; Massenspektrometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von acht trizyklischen Antidepressiva werden die Massenspektren nach Elektronenstoß-Ionisation (EI) und positiver und negativer chemischer Ionisation (CI) vorgestellt. Bei der Elektronenstoß-Ionisations-Technik (EI) fanden sich bei fünf Substanzen die Massen m/z 193 und/oder 195, die dem trizyklischen Grundgerüst entsprechen; eine Masse m/z 58 trat häufig bei Substanzen mit einer γ-Dimethylaminopropyl-Gruppe in der Seitenkette auf. Molekülionen fanden sich bei allen Substanzen, obwohl sie bei manchen in der EI-Technik sehr klein ausfielen. In der positiven CI-Technik traten bei fünf Substanzen [M−1]− Quasi-Molekülionen zusammen mit [M+C2H5]+ Peaks auf, auch erschien die Masse m/z 196, die dem trizyklischen Grundgerüst entspricht. In der negativen CI-Technik wurden bei einem Kammerdruck von 1 Torr [M−1]− Quasi-Molekülionen für alle Substanzen mit Ausnahme des Lofepramins beobachtet. [M+43]− Anionen, die möglicherweise [M+C3H4]− entsprechen, traten bei fünf Substanzen auf. Ein [M+Cl]− Ion war besonders stark bei Carpipramin und Clocapramin ausgeprägt. Mit dieser Technik ließen sich auch die Anionen nachweisen, die dem trizyklischen Grundgerüst entsprechen. Die Spektren waren bei der negativen CI-Technik bei unterschiedlichem Kammerdruck (0.01 oder 1 Torr) grundsätzlich ähnlich. Jedoch fanden sich niemals Anlagerungskomplexe bei niedrigem Druck. Weiterhin werden Daten zur Extraktion einiger Antidepressiva aus menschlichem Urin und Plasma sowie ihre Auftrennung durch Gaschromatographie vorgestellt.
    Notes: Summary Positive electron impact (EI), positive chemical ionization (CI), and negative CI mass spectra of eight tricyclic antidepressants are presented. In the positive EI mode, peak(s) at m/z 193 and/or 195, which corresponded to the tricyclic nucleus, appeared for five compounds; a peak at m/z 58 was common to compounds having a γ-dimethylaminopropyl group as their side chain. Molecular ions appeared for all compounds though they were very small in some compounds in the positive EI mode. In the positive CI mode, [M+H]+ quasi-molecular peaks appeared together with [M+C2H5]+ peaks in five compounds; the ion at m/z 196, which corresponded to the tricyclic nucleus also appeared in five compounds. In the negative CI mode with 1 Torr chamber pressure, [M−1]− quasi-molecular ions were observed for all compounds except for lofepramine; [M+43]− anions, which probably corresponded to [M+C3H4]−, appeared in five compounds; strong [M+Cl]− ions appeared in carpipramine and clocapramine. The anions due to the tricyclic nucleus also appeared in this mode. In the negative CI mode at low pressure (0.01 Torr), the spectra were generally similar to those in the 1 Torr negative CI mode. However, the cluster anions never appeared at the low pressure. Some data on extraction for some antidepressants from human urine and plasma, and their separation by gas chromatography, are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 102 (1989), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Butyrophenones, Sep-Pak C18 cartridges ; Wide-bore capillary gas chromatography, butyrophenones ; Butyrophenone, Sep-Pak C18-Säulen ; Wide-bore Kapillar-Gaschromatographie, Butyrophenone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache und rasche Methode zur Isolierung von fünf Butyrophenonderivaten mittels Sep-Pak C18 Säulen aus Humanproben sowie deren gaschromatographische Bestimmung mit wide-bore Kapillaren beschrieben. Bei der Gaschromatographie kamen die FID-und ECD-Detektion zum Einsatz. Die im alkalisierten Untersuchungsmaterial enthaltenen Substanzen wurden direkt auf die Säulen gegeben und mit Chloroform/iso-Propanol (9:1) eluiert. Die mit den Säulen erzielten Wiederfindungsraten waren für die meisten Arzneistoffe, sowohl beim Einsatz von Urin als auch bei Plasmaproben, hervorragend. Die Sep-Pak C18 Säulen können wegen ihrer einfachen und schnellen Anwendung für die Isolierung von Butyrophenonderivaten empfohlen werden, ebenso wie die wide-bore Kapillar-Gaschromatographie mit ihrer hohen Empfindlichkeit und geringen Gefahr der Zersetzung der Proben während des Trennvorganges.
    Notes: Summary A simple and rapid method for isolation of five butyrophenones with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges from human samples, and their wide-bore capillary gas chromatography (GC), are presented. The GC was made by both flame ionization and electron capture detections. The drugs contained in alkaline samples were directly applied to the cartridges and eluted with chloroform/isopropanol (9:1). The recoveries with use of the cartridges were excellent for most drugs in both urine and plasma samples. We can recommend the Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for isolation of butyrophenones because of simplicity and rapidity, and also wide-bore capillary GC because of high sensitivity and low decomposition of drugs during passage through the column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 102 (1989), S. 337-345 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Paraquat, ESR ; Tissues, formalin-fixed tissues ; Manganese ion, paraquat radical ; Paraquat, ESR ; Gewebe, formalinfixierte Gewebe ; Manganionen, Paraquatradikal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Elektronen-Spin-Resonanz-Verfahren (ESR) wurde zur Bestimmung von Paraquatkonzentrationen in frischen und formalinfixierten Geweben herangezogen. Die Bildung des Paraquat-Radikals aus Paraquat erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Zusatzes von Natriumdithionit. Mit dem beschriebenen ESR-Verfahren können Paraquatkonzentrationen von über 0.2 μg/ml beim Einsatz von 0.1 ml Homogenisat bestimmt werden. Durch die Verwendung von Manganionen als Eichsubstanzen bei der ESR-Messung konnte eine bessere Standardisierung erzielt werden. Dieses Ion ist hinsichtlich der Signale recht stabil und interferiert nicht mit dem Paraquat-Signalen. Selbst im Falle formalinfixierter Gewebeschnitte gelang die quantitative Bestimmung des Paraquat, wenn zuvor das Formalin entfernt wurde. Die Methode wurde auf zwei Fälle angewandt: Bei Fall 1 betrug die Formalinverweildauer 1,5 Jahre, bei Fall 2 6,5 Jahre. In beiden Fällen lagen die Paraquatkonzentrationen in den Geweben zwischen 0,02 und 0,08 μg/g. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die ESR-Methode außerordentlich geeignet ist, um selbst in formalinfixierten Geweben nach langer Expositionszeit auch niedrige Paraquatkonzentrationen zu bestimmen.
    Notes: Summary ESR method was applied to determine paraquat levels in fresh and formalin-fixed tissues. Paraquat was converted to paraquat radical by adding sodium dithionite to tissue homogenates and detected by ESR. Paraquat levels of more than 0.2 μg/ml homogenate could be quantified with 0.1 ml of the homogenate. The use of manganese ions for standardization of paraquat signal enabled much more accurate ESR measurements because this ion was quite stable and its signal did not overlap that of paraquat. Even with tissues fixed in formalin, tissues paraquat levels were measurable after removing formalin from the tissue extract. This fact was verified by studying two cases; the tissues were kept in formalin for 1.5 years in case 1 and for 6.5 years in case 2. In both cases, the paraquat contents in tissues were 0.02–0.08 μg/g. In this way ESR is one of the most suitable methods in determining low levels of paraquat in tissues even after they were preserved in formalin for a long time.
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