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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of olfactory receptor neurons to the perception of pheromone component ratios in male redbanded leafroller moths (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 163 (1988), S. 641-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z-11, 14:AC) must be in a 100∶9 ratio with (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E-11,14:AC) to produce maximal wing fanning and attraction in male redbanded leafrollers. Earlier electrophysiological studies had indicated that mixtures of these pheromone components elicited responses from olfactory receptor neurons that appeared to differ from those expected on the basis of the responses to the individual components. Here we evaluate whether the behavioral sensitivity to particular ratios of Z- and E-11,14:AC has a correlate in the response properties of olfactory receptor neurons. The stimuli included the ratios of Z- and E-11, 14:AC used in earlier behavioral work plus several different mixtures of the seven components found in the pheromone blend, and equivalent amounts of the individual components. These stimuli were presented over a range of intensities to individual trichoid sensilla on the male antenna. In common with earlier results, the receptor neuron with the larger amplitude action potential responded most strongly to Z-11,14:AC, whereas the companion receptor neuron in the sensillum responded most strongly to E-11,14:AC. In contrast with earlier results, each receptor neuron responded exclusively to its own most effective stimulus, without regard to the presence of any other compound. They failed to respond uniquely to any of the other five compounds in the female pheromone blend, or to any of the tested combinations of these compounds. These minor components also failed to modulate the responses elicited in receptor neurons by appropriate ratios of Z- and E-11,14:AC. Thus, the responses of the two types of olfactory receptor neurons found in trichoid sensilla failed to show an optimum at the pheromone ratio known to elicit peak behavioral activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603848
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of supplemental light on growth, prolactin, progesterone and luteinizing hormone in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 33 (1989), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Water buffalo ; Supplemental light ; Prolactin ; Progesterone ; LH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fifty non-pregnant Surti buffalo heifers aged between 17 and 42 months (n=24, 〈24 months;n=26, 〉24 months) were randomly assigned to groups subject to either natural daylight +4h supplemental light (n=25) or natural day light (n=25), to study changes in growth, serum prolactin (Prl), progesterone (P4) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to supplemental lighting. Ambient temperatures (T) and relative humidity (RH) generally were 〉27° C and 〈70% during the day-time, respectively. Light-supplemented heifers had 16.2 kg net body weight (BW) gain at 9 weeks compared to 20.8 kg for controls, but higher mean Prl after 6.5 weeks (P〈0.01), and higher P4 (0.41 vs 0.19 ng/ml;P〈0.06) than control heifers. Older heifers had 39.7% greater BW (P〈0.01), but a net 4.3% BW gain compared to a 10.1% gain for younger heifers at 10 weeks. Older, light-supplemented heifers had higher mean P4 (0.63 vs 0.19 ng/ml;P〈0.07) than the other groups. These weight and hormonal changes suggest that 4 h supplemental light can alter growth and endocrine function in buffaloes under similar planes of nutrition. While light supplementation did not have a positive effect on body wieght during the 10 week study, body weight and endocrine changes due to supplemental light may be important factors for initiation of reproductive cyclicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01686284
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    R. Cotterrell, "The Sociology of Law: An Introduction" (Book Review) (1987)
    Dordrecht, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Crime, Law and Social Change. 11:1 (1987) 90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0925-4994
    Topics: Law
    Notes: Bookreviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:v533-1987-011-01-000010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Counterturns initiated by decrease in rate of increase of concentration (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 183-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; olfaction ; orientation ; counterturning ; chemotaxis ; taxis ; pheromones ; tropotaxis ; schemakinesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The position of beetles were marked at 1-sec intervals after they were released in still air 16–18 cm from point sources of pheromone. Characteristics of the tracks were quantified and compared to those that might be produced by counterturning schemakinesis, tropotaxis, klinotaxis, zigzagging, look-and-leap, or steepest-ascent schemakinesis mechanisms. The beetles' movements were highly irregular, but they turned almost continually and never fixed on a heading near 0° (=straight towards the source). Turn angle sizes increased slightly with absolute size of heading but had the opposite sign, thus compensating slightly for heading. Their distribution was centered about 0° and was unimodal. Heading decreased gradually as the source was neared, but the decrease became steeper within 1–5 cm of the source. Histograms showed that the maximum headings between occurrences when the beetle was headed directly towards the source (0°) were centered around 0° and most of them were less than 90°. However, maximum headings between 90° and 180° were not uncommon. Turn radius decreased as the source was neared. The counterturning mechanism was the most consistent with these observations. An analysis of rate of change of concentration with respect to heading and distance to the source further demonstrated that the counterturning mechanism could explain the form of the decrease in heading as the source was neared, if the major cue used to initiate counterturns was a decrease in the rate of increase of concentration. The tropotaxis could not recreate the form of the decrease, under any form of stimulus processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027782
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory orientation responses by walking femaleIps paraconfusus bark beetles (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1147-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; bark beetles ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; olfaction ; orientation ; anemotaxis ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic pheromone was released from a dispenser stretched across the width of a wind tunnel. Beetles in pheromone-free wind wandered in all directions and did not appear to orient to the wind. A dosage series showed that pheromone decreased the walking rate and deviations from the upwind direction, and it increased the turning rate. The tracks were composed of relatively straight or gently curving sections interspersed with more infrequent, larger course adjustments. Although pheromone clearly affected the average heading of beetles within a treatment, any given individual exposed to pheromone did not necessarily head directly upwind or maintain a fixed absolute angle with respect to the wind direction. The response appeared to be an inaccurate anemotaxis, rather than an anemomenotaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014818
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory orientation responses by walking femaleIps paraconfusus bark beetles I. Chemotaxis assay (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 3-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; taxis ; chemotaxis ; orientation ; olfaction ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas-liquid chromatography of the air within the arena developed for this assay showed that a concentration gradient was established within 1–2 min of applying the pheromone (ipsenol, ipsdienol,cis-verbenol), and that this gradient was nearly constant for 20–95 min after application. The concentration fell rapidly and approximately exponentially between the source and the center of the arena. Turning rate and the number of beetles that reached the source increased, and heading with respect to the source decreased, in the presence of pheromone. Responses of beetles that did and did not reach the source were significantly different, but within each group there were no significant differences among dosages. Turning rate and heading varied little with distance from the source, while walking rate decreased as distance from the release point of the beetles increased. We hypothesize that dosage exerts its major effect on source location by altering the probability that a beetle will enter into orientation behavior and that beetles orienting to sources have similar behaviors even when orienting to a wide range of dosages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027770
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