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  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long and middle wavelength infrared photodiodes fabricated with Hg1−x CdxTe grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 1747-1753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Long and middle wavelength infrared (LWIR, MWIR) p+-n photodiodes have been fabricated with Hg1−xCdxTe (0.20〈x〈0.30) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The epilayers were grown on (211)B lattice-matched ZnCdTe substrates. The surface morphology was smooth and free of in-plane twins. The Cd concentration (x) was uniform across the wafer, with standard deviations (Δx) as low as 0.0017. Structural properties were measured by double-crystal x-ray rocking curve and dislocation etching; FWHM values as low as 34 arcsec and etch pit density values as low as 1×105 cm−2 were measured. p+ -n homojunctions were formed by arsenic diffusion; unpassivated mesa photodiodes were fabricated by standard photolithographic techniques. MWIR and LWIR photodiodes fabricated with MBE material exhibited good diode performance, comparable to that obtained on photodiodes fabricated with the more matured technique of liquid-phase epitaxy. 77-K R0A products of the diodes measured were 6.35×107, 22.3, and 1.76 Ω cm2 with cutoff wavelengths of 4.66, 9.96, and 12.90 μm, respectively. The R0A product for a VLWIR photodiode was 1.36×102 Ω cm2 with a cutoff wavelength of 16.23 μm at 35 K. LWIR diodes with no antireflection coating had a quantum efficiency of 48.6%. The present results represent a significant step toward the demonstration of MBE as a viable growth technique for the fabrication of large infrared focal plane arrays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342925
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared diodes fabricated with HgCdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1025-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Infrared photodiodes fabricated with HgCdTe epilayers grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are reported here for the first time. Growth was carried out on the (211)B orientation of GaAs, and the as-grown epilayer (x=0.24) was p type. The n-p junction was formed by Be ion implantation, the resistance-area product (R0 A) at zero bias was 1.4×103 Ω cm2 , the wavelength cutoff was 8.0 μm, and the quantum efficiency was 22%; all were measured at 77 K. We show that in the diffusion regime diodes fabricated with MBE HgCdTe/GaAs have comparable R0 A product values to those made with HgCdTe grown by bulk techniques. This result discloses new possibilities for advanced monolithic HgCdTe devices based on GaAs integrated circuit technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100787
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared photodiodes fabricated with Hg1−xCdxTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 39-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Device-quality Hg1−xCdxTe (0.26〈x〈0.33) epilayers with thicknesses in the range 10–20 μm were grown on (111)B CdTe substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The as-grown layers were p type, and typically had carrier concentrations in the low 1016 cm−3 range and hole mobilities greater than 220 cm2/V s at 77 K. The n+-p junction was formed by Be ion implantation; unpassivated mesa photodiodes were fabricated by standard photolithographic techniques. Resistance-area products (R0A) at zero bias were 5.2×106 and 1.4×104 Ω cm2 at 77 K for Hg1−xCdxTe with cutoff wavelengths of 4.0 and 5.7 μm, respectively. These R0A values approach typical ones obtained by liquid phase epitaxy and represent a very promising initial effort for MBE-grown Hg1−xCdxTe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99310
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Surgical Experience with Fifty Liver Transplantations in the Rat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 463 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb21569.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light- and electron-microscopical localization of calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin and C-terminal gastrin/cholecystokinin immunoreactivities in rat thyroid (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 91 (1989), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Parafollicular C cells of the rat thyroid contain several immunoreactive peptides including calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin and a C-terminal gastrin/CCK immunoreactive epitope as shown at the light-and electron-microscopical levels. Adult thyroid C cells are strongly immunoreactive to CT and most of the cells also react strongly with CGRP antisera and weakly with a gastrin/CCK antiserum. The latter antiserum may cross-react with CGRP. This cross-reactivity probably only occurs at very high concentrations of CGRP observed in adult thyroid C cells, but not in intrathyroidal CGRP-containing nerves, nor in early neonatal C cells. In neonatal rats, somatostatin immunoreactive C cells are numerous and most of these cells are also CT and CGRP immunoreactive. In contrast, only few C cells display somatostatin immunoreactivity in adult rat thyroids. Sequential staining experiments revealed that some thyroidal C cells simultaneously express all four types of immunoreactivity. At the electron microscopical level, all of these immunoreactivities were observed in secretory granules of C cells. Double- and triple-staining experiments, moreover, documented that some peptides are co-localized in the same granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493000
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 88 (1988), S. 113-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to synthetic human calcitonin (CT) were characterized for their reactivities with human CT peptide fragments by dotblot analysis on nitrocellulose paper. Most of the antibodies bound to the C-terminus and fewer to the mid-region of CT. We have studied thyroid tissue specimens from several animal species after fixation in paraformaldehyde-, glutaraldehyde-or picric acid-containing mixtures and cryostat sectioning or embedment in paraffin or plastic (Epon 812 or Lowicryl 4KM) using this panel of MAbs. The site of antigen-antibody reaction was revealed either by immunoperoxidase, immunoalkaline phosphatase or by silver-enhanced immunogold staining methods. All MAbs were able to localize CT in human, rat and mouse thyroid C cells. Nineteen MAbs recognizing synthetic salmon CT and synthetic [Asu1,7]-eel CT by bot-blot, reacted with chicken ultimobranchial body C cells. One MAb recognizing native porcine CT by dot-blot, stained C cells in hog thyroid. Immunopositivity was confined to the cytoplasm and ultrastructural immunogold labelling demonstrated that cytoplasmic secretory granules were stained. Surgical specimens from human medullary thyroid carcinoma were also analysed for the presence of CT and a variable number of positive cells was found. Furthermore, Congo red-positive areas were shown to react with the MAbs. All conventional staining and immunoabsorption controls were negative. Hence, these MAbs may be suitable for use in routine immunopathological diagnosis of CT-producing tumors and for immunocytochemical localization of the three major CT variants in different animal species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493293
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silver staining in pinealocyte nuclei: Observations and quantitative analysis during the rat oestrous cycle (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 138 (1987), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Silver staining ; Nucleolus ; Quantitative analysis ; Pineal gland ; Rat ; Oestrous cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Morphology, distribution and number of different argyrophilic aggregates appearing in pinealocyte nuclei have been studied during the rat oestrous cycle. Using the Ag-NOR reaction we have found two types of argyrophilic aggregates in pinealocyte nuclei. One of them, corresponding to the fibrillar centres and the surrounding fibrillar component, appears in the nucleoli. The silver grains are more loosely packed in the dense fibrillar component than in the fibrillar centres. A decrease in the number of these nucleolar argyrophilic aggregates was obtained at oestrous. A second type of silver grain aggregate was observed in the pinealocyte nucleoplasm. We call them “Ag-granule clusters” because they are similar to the interchromatin granule clusters and constitute the only silver deposit forming aggregates apart from the nucleolus. The number of Ag-granule clusters is significantly smaller at oestrous and meta-oestrous than at dioestrous and pro-oestrous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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