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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and thermodynamic basicities: UV spectra of thallium(1+), lead(2+), and bismuth(3+) in molten chloroaluminate titrations (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 24 (1985), S. 3030-3035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00213a032
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-peptide measurement in the differentiation of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 264-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; Type 2 diabetes ; plasma C-peptide ; urinary C-peptide Pima Indian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine whether individual subjects with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes or Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, who are treated with insulin, could be reliably distinguished, C-peptide concentrations and urinary C-peptide excretion were measured in 10 Caucasoids and 10 Pima Indians. All the subjects had developed diabetes before 21 years of age and were receiving insulin treatment. Fasting C-peptide concentrations were significantly higher in the Pima Indians (0.73±0.17 versus 0.02±0.01 nmol/l in Caucasoids; p〈0.001), but there were slight overlaps in individual values. Urinary C-peptide excretion, an index of 24-h-insulin excretion, was also higher in the Pima Indian group (27.6±1.85 versus 0.72±0.18 pmol/min in Caucasoids; p〈0.001) and there was no overlap in the individual values between the groups. The Pima Indians with early onset diabetes have been previously shown to have Type 2 diabetes, and the Caucasoids with an early onset are most likely to have Type 1 diabetes. These results suggest that distinction between these two major types of diabetes can be made effectively by using C-peptide measurements provided that overt renal disease is absent. This differentiation between insulin-treated patients will be useful for a variety of research applications and possibly in making clinical management decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271682
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Albuminuria in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Pima Indians (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 870-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Albuminuria ; prevalence ; diabetic nephropathy ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; American Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prevalence of abnormal urinary albumin excretion, defined by a urine albumin to creatinine ratio〉-30 mg/g (approximately equivalent to an albumin excretion rate of 〉-30 mg/24 h), was determined in 2728 Pima Indians aged 〉-15 years from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, a population with a high prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Excessive albumin excretion was present in 8% of subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 15% of those with impaired glucose tolerance, and 47% of subjects with diabetes. The intermediate prevalence of abnormal albuminuria in those with impaired glucose tolerance suggests that hyperglycaemia even at levels below those diagnostic of diabetes is associated with renal abnormalities in some subjects and that these abnormalities may precede the onset of diabetes. Abnormal albuminuria at levels not reliably detected by the usual dipstick methods was commonly observed in Pima Indians with diabetes, even those with diabetes of recent onset. Associations were found with age, duration of diabetes, level of glycaemia, blood pressure, and treatment with insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297452
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations of pituitary and peripheral hormones during ranitidine treatment for two years in men with duodenal ulcer (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ranitidine ; H2-antagonist ; PRL ; LH ; TSH ; FSH ; duodenal ulcer ; cortisol ; androgens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of treatment for 2 years with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (100 or 200 mg b.d. for 6 weeks followed by 100 or 200 mg daily) on plasma concentrations of pituitary and peripheral hormones in ten men with duodenal ulcer have been investigated. Stimulation tests with TRH 200 µg i.v. and LHRH 100 µg i.v. were performed before, during (6 and 24 months), and at least 6 months after treatment. Basal and TRH-stimulated prolactin (PRL) secretion was marginally reduced after treatment for 6 months, but not for 24 months. The LH response to LHRH was slightly increased after treatment for 6 months and 24 months and after the end of treatment. The plasma concentrations of TSH, FSH, cortisol, androgenic hormones, and thyroid hormones did not change significantly during treatment. No adverse effects were reported during the observation period. The few, minor changes in pituitary hormone concentrations were all within the reference range. They may be related to ranitidine treatment, but are more likely to be due to age-dependent alterations in hormone secretion. It is concluded that long-term treatment with ranitidine does not cause major changes in circulating hormone concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679790
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of the antiarrhythmic agent transcainide (R 54718) (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: transcainide ; antiarrhythmic drugs ; cardiac arrhythmias ; adverse effects ; ventricular arrhythmias ; supraventricular arrhythmias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antiarrhythmic efficacy of transcainide has been studied in 41 patients. It abolished ventricular arrhythmias in 10 out of 12 patients after i.v. administration and in 11 out of 14 after oral administration. It also reduced ventricular arrhythmias during recovery from exercise. The maximum intravenous dose prolonged the PR-interval by 43% and QRS-duration by 37%. Side-effects observed in 6 out of 41 patients included Mobitz Type I AV block, complete bundle branch block, hypotension and increased arrhythmia frequency. Transcainide is a promising new antiarrhythmic drug which should be used with caution in patients with conduction disorders and impaired cardiac function. Its value and safety in the chronic oral treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias remains to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637668
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oral testosterone treatment on serum concentrations of sex steroids, gonadotrophins and prolactin in alcoholic cirrhotic men (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to examine the serum concentrations of sex steroids and pituitary hormones in a randomly selected group of alcoholic cirrhotic men participating in a randomized, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy of oral testosterone treatment on the liver. Before treatment, patients (n= 25) had median serum concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol, non-protein bound oestradiol, non-sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) bound oestradiol and oestrone sulphate which did not differ significantly from those of healthy controls (n= 16), but the patients had significantly (P 〈 0.01) higher median serum concentrations of oestrone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin.The patients were randomized to treatment with either oral micronized testosterone (200 mg t.d.s.) or placebo for a median duration of 1 year. In the placebo group (n= 8), hormone concentrations at follow-up were not significantly different from those at entry apart from a significant (P 〈 0.05) increase in FSH concentrations. Median concentrations of testosterone, oestrone, and oestrone sulphate increased significantly (P 〈 0.05) in the testosterone-treated group (n= 17) when compared with concentrations at entry and concentrations in the placebo group. The testosterone-treated group had significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher serum concentrations of non-protein bound and non-SHBG bound oestradiol when compared with concentrations at entry, but no significant changes were observed regarding serum oestradiol and prolactin concentrations. Both LH and FSH concentrations decreased significantly (P 〈 0.05) in the testosterone-treated group when compared with concentrations at entry and concentrations in the placebo group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00678.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertension and indicators of coronary heart disease in Wallis Polynesians: An urban-rural comparison (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Coronary heart disease ; Obesity ; Polynesians ; Urban-rural comparison ; Wallis Island ; New Caledonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study of hypertension, and indicators of and risk factors for coronary heart disease was undertaken in samples of rural Wallisians of Wallis Island, and first generation Wallisian migrants in the urban centre of Noumea, New Caledonia. Approximately 20% of the adult population of the two communities was included in the study. Higher mean blood pressure and hypertension prevalence in Wallisians in Noumea compared to those in Wallis was documented. There was no significant rise in blood pressure with age in rural Wallisian males. Wallisians in Noumea tended to be more obese than those in Wallis (particularly females). Although differences in the extent of obesity appeared to explain some of the differences in blood pressure between populations of Wallis and Noumea, other environmental factors (such as salt intake) are probably important. There was a trend for a higher prevalence of O wave changes on the ECG in urbanized Wallisians compared to their rural counterparts. There was no significant or consistent differences in plasma lipid concentrations between the two groups. The prevalence of diabetes was 7 and 4 times higher in Noumea compared to Wallis for males and females respectively. Differences in diabetes and hypertension prevalence are more likely to account for the variation in ischaemic heart disease than plasma lipid levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149732
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    More about obesity and diabetes (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 753-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00870289
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medial arterial calcification and its association with mortality and complications of diabetes (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 16-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Medial arterial calcification ; diabetic complications ; epidemiology ; incidence ; prevalence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Medial arterial calcification was studied among 4,553 subjects in a 20-year, longitudinal study of Pima Indians. The prevalence and incidence of medial arterial calcification were highest among men, the elderly, and patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Medial arterial calcification was most commonly observed in the feet and appeared to progress proximally. Proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate risk factors for medial arterial calcification in the feet and to evaluate medial arterial calcification as a risk factor for death and for complications of diabetes. Among diabetic patients, risk factors for medial arterial calcification were impaired vibration perception, long duration of diabetes, and high plasma glucose concentration (p〈0.01 for each). Among nondiabetic subjects, age, male gender (p〈0.01 for each), and high serum cholesterol concentration (p=0.02) were risk factors for medial arterial calcification. Nondiabetic subjects with medial arterial calcification did not have higher mortality rates than subjects without medial arterial calcification (rate ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval = 0.7–1.3). Diabetic patients with medial arterial calcification, compared with diabetic patients without medial arterial calcification, had 1.5-fold the mortality rate (95% confidence interval = 1.0–2.1), 5.5-fold the rate of amputations (95% confidence interval = 2.1–14.1), 2.4-fold the rate of proteinuria (95% confidence interval = 1.3–4.5), 1.7-fold the rate of retinopathy (95% confidence interval = 0.98–2.8), and 1.6-fold the rate of coronary artery disease (95% confidence interval = 0.48–5.4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of end-stage renal disease in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in pima indians (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 730-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: End-stage renal disease ; diabetic nephropathy ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ; incidence ; Pima Indians
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of end-stage renal disease was determined in the Pima Indians of the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona, a population with a high prevalence of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Between 1975 and 1986, from a study population of 5059 subjects, end-stage renal disease occurred in 80 persons, 76 (95%) of whom had Type 2 diabetes. A review of the cases with end-stage renal disease indicated that among the diabetic subjects only two cases could be attributed to nondiabetic renal disease; all other cases were attributable to diabetic nephropathy. In diabetic Pima Indians the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease did not change during the study period, was similar in men and women, and was not effected by age at diagnosis of diabetes or by attained age, but did increase significantly with hypertension (p〈0.05). The incidence of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetic nephropathy increased from 0 cases/1000 person-years at 0–5 years to 40.8 cases/1000 person-years at ≥ 20 years duration of diabetes. In these subjects with Type 2 diabetes, the incidence rate of end-stage renal disease was similar to that in subjects with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes who were followed at the Joslin Clinic in Boston, Massachusetts when those with similar duration of diabetes were compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274774
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