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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70.r ; 78.90.+t ; 72.80.Ey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The wavelength dependence and polarization characteristics of the infrared light scattered from an undoped GaAs crystal were investigated in the 90° angle infrared light scattering configuration. The scattering is Rayleigh scattering from scatterers which are always associated with the dislocations, and they are classified into three types,S, L A , andL G scatterers, according to their polarization characteristics. TheS, L A , andL G -scatterers are thought to be small As clusters, large As precipitates and large Ga precipitates, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of inhaled allergen on airway responsiveness and on β- and α-1-adrenergic receptors on lung membrane were investigated in guinea pigs. After measuring the respiratory threshold to histamine (RT-HIS), one group of guinea pigs passively sensitized for ovalbumin was challenged by allergen inhalation (challenged group). Measurement of the RT-HIS 24 h following challenge revealed a significant decrease from 687 μg/ml (mean, n= 16) to 407 μg/ml (P 〈 0.05). In addition the RT-HIS 24 h after challenge was also significantly lower in the challenged group than in controls (n= 9, P 〈 0.05). The density of α-adrenergic receptors on the lung membrane of the challenged group was 594 ± 32 (mean ± SE) fmol/mg protein (n= 11) compared with 712 ± 24 fmol/mg protein (n= 9) in the controls, a statistically significant difference (P 〈 0.05). A significant correlation was found between the RT-HIS and density of β-adrenergic receptors. From these results, we concluded that the exaggerated airway responsiveness 24 h after allergen challenge is in part due to a decrease in the density of P-adrenergic receptors. There was no difference in the density of β-1-adrenergic receptors nor a significant correlation between the RT-HIS and the number of α-1-adrenergic receptors in the challenged vs. the control groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 349-350 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 41 (1985), S. 1441-1444 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 958-959 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Übertragungsverhalten beim Wärmeentzug aus einem zylindrischen Wärmespeicher mit Kugelschüttung wurde experimentell untersucht. Dabei wurden verschiedene Einflußgrößen berücksichtigt, wie beispielsweise der Volumenstrom, der Kugeldurchmessser der Schüttungsteilchen im Speicherbehälter, die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der strömenden kalten Luft und der Schüttung sowie die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Speichermaterials. Die Experimente wurden in folgenden Bereichen durchgeführt: Reynoldszahl, bezogen auf den Kugeldurchmesser des Schüttguts im SpeicherRe d = 10.3–2200. Porosität der Kugelschüttungɛ=0.310–0.475. Verhältnis von Kugeldurchmesser der Schüttung und Zylinderdurchmesser des Speichersd/D=0.0075–0.177 und Verhältnis von Zylinderlänge und Zylinderdurchmesser des SpeichersL/D=2.5–10.0. Es wurde festgestellt, daß insbesondere der Volumenstrom und die Abmessungen der kugelförmigen Teilchen der Schüttung von großer Bedeutung bei der Bewertung des Übertragungsverhaltens beim Wärmeentzug, speziell im Bereich der Speicherwand, sind. Wenn der Volumenstrom und der Kugeldurchmesser des Schüttguts erhöht wird, bei einem vorgegebenen Durchmesser des Speicherbehälters, steigt der mittlere Wärmetransportkoeffizient zwischen zuströmender kalter Luft und der heißen Schüttung; der Zeitraum der Entladung verkürzt sich. Die experimentell ermittelte Abhängigkeit des mittleren Wärmetransportkoeffizienten zwischen der strömenden Luft und der Kugelschüttung von der Entladungszeit des Wärmespeichers ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Abhängigkeit dieses Entladevorgangs von der NusseltzahlNu d f (modifizierte PrandtlzahlPr *, d/D, Red) und der FourierzahlFo =f(d/D, L/D, Pr*, Red).
    Notes: Abstract The transient heat transfer behavior in the case of heat removal from a cylindrical heat storage vessel packed with spherical particles was investigated experimentally for various factors (flow rate, diameter of spherical particles packed, temperature difference between flowing cold air and spherical particles accumulating heat, and physical properties of spherical particles). The experiments were covered in ranges of Reynolds number based on the mean diameter of spherical particles packed Red = 10.3–2200, porosityɛ=0.310 to 0.475, ratio of spherical particle diameter to cylinder diameterd/D = 0.0075–0.177 and ratio of length of the cylinder to cylinder diameterL/D=2.5–10. It was found that especially the flow rate and the dimension of spherical particles played an important role in estimating the transient local heat transfer characteristics near the wall of the cylindrical vessel in the present heat storage system. As flow rate and diameter of spherical particles were increased under a given diameter of the cylinder heat storage vessel, the mean heat transfer coefficient between the flow cold air and the hot spherical particles increased and the time period to finish removing heat from the vessel reduced. In addition, the useful experimental correlation equations of mean heat transfer coefficient between both phases and the time period to finish removing heat from the vessel were derived with the functional relationship of Nusselt numberNu d=f [modified Prandtl numberPr * (d/D), Red) and Fourier numberFo = f(d/D, L/D, Pr*, Red).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Rathke's cleft cysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two of three patients who proved to have symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts presented with visual field deficit and all with diabetes insipidus. CT showed intra- and suprasellar cystic low density lesions with ring enhancement. MR showed intra-and suprasellar masses. On the T1-weighted images two of the three had hyperintense portions similar to fat and the other a hyperintense portion similar to white matter within the cysts. These portions were isointense to brain on the T2-weighted images in all cases. This characteristic intensity on MR images provides differentiation from cystic pituitary adenomas and cystic craniopharyngiomas, and leads to correct diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intraspinal tumor ; Meningioma ; Schwannoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 29 consecutive patients with intraspinal neoplasms (9 intramedullary tumors, 20 extramedullary tumors) were reviewed to evaluated the utility of MR imaging in distinguishing the intraspinal compartmental localisation and signal characteristics of each lesion. Compartment and histology of all neoplasms were surgically proven. MR correctly assigned one of three compartments to all lesions, 9 intramedullary, 14 intradural extramedullary (6 schwannomas, 3 neurofibromas, 5 meningiomas), and 6 extradural (3 schwannomas, 1 meningioma, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 metastatic renal cell carcinoma). All intramedullary tumors showed swelling of the spinal cord itself. In all five extradural tumors a low intensity band was visualized between the spinal cord and tumor. On the other hand, a low intensity band was demonstrated in no cases with intradural tumors. Visualization of this low intensity band is important in differentiating extradural from intradural-extramedullary lesions. We call this low intensity band, “the extradural sign”. Signal intensity of intradural tumors varied with histology. In extramedullary tumors, signal intensity of schwannomas was similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both on T1 weighted (inversion recovery) and T2 weighted spin echo (SE) images. On the other hand, meningiomas tended to be isointense to the spinal cord on both T1 and T2 weighted SE images. We found relatively reliable signal characteristics to discriminate meningioma from schwannoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Tuberous sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance ; Computed tomography ; Demyelination ; Mental retardation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebral lesions in tuberous sclerosis are of three kinds: subependymal nodules, cortical tubers, and cluster of heterotopic cells in the white matter. Understanding of these hamartomas is still incomplete even with modern imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of ten patients with tuberous sclerosis were reviewed and compared to computed tomographic (CT) scans and to the clinical severity of the disease. T2 weighted spin echo (TR=1800, TE=120) images and inversion recovery (TR=2100, TI=500–600, TE=40) images were obtained at the same axial planes. Periventricular nodules were better seen, because of their calcifications, with CT than with MR imaging. They were demonstrated as iso- to low intensity depending on the amount of calcification on T2 weighted images, and as a similar intensity to the white matter on IR images. Small peripheral lesions in the hemispheres, which were only occasionally seen as small low density areas on CT scans, were well demonstrated on MR images. These foci were hyperintense on T2 weighted images, and hypointense on IR images. Exact location of these was not in the cortex, but in the subcortical white matter. The findings indicate that these foci represent the pathologically well known demyelinating foci, which are commonly present under the cortical tuber, but may be independent of them. Cortical tubers were not confidently identified, which suggested that they might have similar intensity to the cortical gray matter. Some of the parenchymal calcifications other than periventricular nodules showed identical MR signal intensities to periventricular nodules, and the rest of the parenchymal calcifications had similar intensities to the subcortical lesions. This indicates that parenchymal calcifications can occur in the demyelinating white matter as well as in the heterotopic tubers in the white matter. The severely mentally retarded patients tended to have a higher number of subcortical lesions and no correlation was noted between the severity of mental retardation and either the number of periventricular nocules or ventricular dilatation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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