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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 788-792 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sodium ; Calcium ; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The widely accepted recommendation that hypertensive subjects benefit from a reduction of sodium intake has lately been challenged by a number of publications. From one analysis of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA, the conclusion was reached that hypertension was associated more frequently with low nutritional sodium intake and low calcium intake. Other authors analysing the same data but using different criteria and statistical methods did not confirm such conclusions. The criticisms of epidemiological data concerning the relationship between salt intake and hypertension include frequently inconsistent definition of hypertension, failure to consider methodological uncertainties in the measurement of salt intake and excretion and inadequate control of confounding variables such as age, race, sex, body mass index and lifestyle. The claimed link between nutritional calcium and blood pressure is completely unclear and needs careful investigation. A reduction of sodium intake from the present day excessive amounts to moderate intakes of 3–6 g per day is still recommended in order to prevent the establishment of high blood pressure, to reduce hypertensive blood pressure levels or to reduce the doses of antihypertensive drugs. With mild hypertension being the main problem of high blood pressure management, further research is necessary to place dietary intervention in the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension on a firmer, more rational footing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 314 (1985), S. 264-266 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The rat synthetic peptides used here were the 21-amino acid atriopeptin I (AP I), the 23-amino acid atriopeptin II (APII) and the 24-amino acid atriopeptin III (APIII)8. To obtain antibodies, New Zealand White rabbits were injected with AP II coupled to bovine thyroglobulin. AP III, which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 338 (1988), S. 327-331 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Angiotensinogen gene expression ; Solution hybridization ; pSPT18 Riboprobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Angiotensin II has numerous biological effects in a hitherto unsuspected variety of tissues. The generation of angiotensin in tissue requires the local presence of its high molecular weight precursor angiotensinogen and is best tested by investigating angiotensinogen gene expression. A quantitative solution hybridization assay for rapid and sensitive measurement of angiotensinogen mRNA was therefore established to study the extrahepatic expression of the angiotensinogen gene. We used a 714 bases BamHI angiotensinogen cDNA fragment cloned into vector pSPT18 and developed a sensitive and rapid assay with a detection limit of 0.5 pg RNA. Quantification of angiotensinogen mRNA from male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in the following tissue levels (n = 10 for all tissues, except pituitary where n = 5), was expressed as fg mRNA per jig total RNA, in descending order: liver (9950), hypothalamus (6050), midbrain (4450), brainstem (3950), total brain (2325), aorta (625), kidney (338), adrenal gland (170), and heart atrium (140). The high sensitivity of the assay in addition also allowed for the first time measurement of angiotensinogen mRNA in the low gene expression tissues pituitary (70), heart ventricle (30), and testis (30). This assay will allow detailed studies on the regulation of tissue angiotensinogen and the pathophysiological role of the tissue renin angiotensin systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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