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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in schizophrenic patients as determined by positron emission tomography (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 309-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Schizophrenia Glucose metabolism ; Chlorpromazine ; Sulpiride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to determine regional brain glucose metabolism in schizophrenic patients (n=17) before and during neuroleptic treatment. The patients had not been treated with neuroleptics for at least 3 weeks before the first study. All suffered from acute psychotic symptoms and were hospitalized to obtain neuroleptic treatment. After determination of regional brain metabolism without neuroleptic treatment, 11 patients were treated with sulpiride (800 mg/day) and 6 patients were treated with chlorpromazine (400 mg/day) over 5–6 weeks before the second PET investigation. The control group consisted of seven healthy male volunteers, also investigated twice 5 weeks apart. The PET investigation was made with the subject in a resting state. The tracer was uniformly labelled 11C-glucose. The metabolism was determined bilaterally in 15 brain regions cortical, as well as central regions. Metabolic rates differed among the groups. The sulpiride group had lower metabolic rates than the controls and the schizophrenic patients later treated with chlorpromazine. The sulpiride group, in which absolute metabolic rates were determined, were clinically more autistic and chronic than the chlorpromazine group. It was proposed that these facts could explain the lower metabolic rates in the sulpiride group. A significant change in metabolism in relation to drug treatment was only found in one brain region. The selective D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride increased the metabolic rate in the right lentiform nucleus in comparison with the patients treated with chlorpromazine and the controls. Likewise, relative metabolic rates were increased only in the right lentiform nucleus. Negative correlations between intensity of clinical symptoms and metabolism indicated that emotional tone and drive were related to brain metabolism. No correlations were found between drug concentrations and metabolism or clinical symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439443
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of stereotaxic localization adopted for conventional and digital radiography (1986)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 28 (1986), S. 100-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Stereotaxic techniques ; Brain imaging ; Angiography ; Radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method for the determination of stereotaxic coordinates in radiography, e.g. angiography, pneumoencephalography or digital vascular radiography, is described. A special localization frame containing radiopaque structures and scales defines a diagnostic coordinate system. This frame is fixed to the X-ray-table prior to the radiographic procedure and two projections are obtained at arbitrary angles to each other. The focus-film distances do not how to be fixed. The target coordinates are then determined either by a simple graphical procedure or with the use of a digitizing x-y-table, by a computer. With the computer method the films are placed on the digitizing table and the target and a few reference points are marked using a cursor. From the relative positions the computer calculates the coordinates. With the special head fixation system, coordinates of structures visualized in radiographic examinations can be transferred to various therapeutic or diagnostic stereotaxic devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327879
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An adaptor to the Leksell stereotaxic instrument for digital coordinate determination in radiography (1987)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 29 (1987), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Stereotaxic techniques ; Digital radiography ; Leksell instrument
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Special perspex adaptors with radiopaque reference structures have been constructed to fit to the Leksell stereotaxic instrument. These structures are visualized on X-ray film in a radiographic examination like angiography or encephalography. The films obtained in two projections at arbitrary angles and focus-film-distances are placed on a digitizing table for the determination of the stereotaxic coordinates of selected targets. The reference structures and the targets are marked with a cursor whereupon a desk top computer performs the calculation of the stereotaxic coordinates. The system allows a rapid, simple and accurate coordinate determination in stereotaxic radiography using the Leksell stereotaxic instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350450
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computerized adjustable brain atlas (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 15 (1989), S. 687-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Regions of interest ; ROI's ; Brain atlas ; Computerized atlas ; Adjustable atlas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A computerized brain atlas, adjustable to the patients anatomy, has been developed. It is primarily intended for use in positron emission tomography, but may also be employed in other fields utilizing neuro imaging, such as stereotactic surgery, transmission computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The atlas is based on anatomical information obtained from a digitized cryosectioned brain. It can be adjusted to fit a wide range of images from individual brains with normal anatomy. The corresponding transformation is chosen so that the modified atlas agrees with a set of CT or NMR images of the patient. The computerized atlas can be used to improve the quantification and evaluation of PET data by: - Aiding and improving the selection of regions of interests. - Facilitating comparisons of functional image data from different individuals or groups of individuals. - Facilitating the comparison of different examinations of the same patient, thus reducing the need of reproducible fixation systems. - Providing external a priori anatomical information to be used in the image reconstruction. - Improving the attenuation and scatter corrections. - Aiding in selecting a suitable patient orientation during the PET study. By applying the inverse atlas transformation to PET data set it is possible to relate the PET information to the anatomy of the reference atlas. Thus reformatted PET data from different patients can be averaged, and averages from different categories of patients can be compared. This procedure will facilitate the identification of statistically significant differences in the PET information from different groups of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00631757
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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