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  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multichannel boxcar-averaged measurements of plasma parameters made using a digital storage scope (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1081-1084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present a technique for rapidly acquiring time-resolved, ensemble-averaged Langmuir probe characteristics. Fifty probe characteristics are acquired using a digital storage oscilloscope in the time it would take to acquire a one-probe characteristic using a single-channel boxcar averager. A single Langmuir probe is used, and the probe bias is swept quite slowly, so that the probe is always in equilibrium with the plasma. A method for the automatic extraction of electron temperature, electron density, and the plasma potential from the acquired probe characteristics is described. This technique for acquisition and analysis is applied to the study of plasma decay and the effects of rf excitation in a pulsed, strongly magnetized plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139730
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some effect fluid-sowing, pre-germination, irrigation and soil covering on the establishment and growth of seedlings of white clover slot-seeded into permanent pasture (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seeds of white clover (Trifolium repens) were sown alone or in fluid, or pre-germinated in fluid on to the soil surface of slots cut in an old Agrostis/Festuca sward. Seeds were left uncovered or covered with a thin layer of soil and irrigated from the outset or after 14 days delay.With irrigation from the outset, seedlings established soonest from pre-germinated seeds but final percentage establishment ranged only from 50 to 63% for the three states of seed. With delayed Irrigation, however, few pre-germinated s1 survived and although germination of dry seed was delayed, final percentage establishment was unaffected. Soil covering increased establishment slightly. The number of leaves per seedling was greatest with pre-germination and early irrigation and least with pre-germination and delayed irrigation. Delayed irrigation also decreased the number of leaves per seedling for seedlings grown from dry seed.The effects of early irrigation persisted so that at 84 days it significantly increased total yield of clover from all three states of seed, on average threefold, but much more from pre-germinated than from dry seed. Soil covering greatly increased yield, especially where irrigation had been applied from the outset. The interaction of early irrigation and soil covering was even more pronounced for stolon weights, and stolon growth of Individual seedlings appeared to benefit more from soil covering than from early irrigation.The results showed the importance of early seedling emergence, but no advantages of fluid sowing per se. They also indicated large overall beneficial effects of early irrigation and its additive interaction with soil covering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1986.tb01799.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of white clover in eight grass species and the effects of propyzamide, a grass-suppressing herbicide (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seedlings of white clover (cv. Grasslands Huia) were introduced as spaced plants into 3-year-old monoculture plots of eight grass species (Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis) during June 1984. In mid-April 1985 plots were split for application of propyzamide at the following concentrations: 0, 0·2, 0·4, 0·6 kg a.i. ha-1.During 1984 differences between clover seedling growth in the different grass species became apparent within 2 weeks; growth was greatest in F. rubra, P. pratensis and H. lanatus and smallest in D. glomerata, L. perenne and P. pratense. During 1985, when more N fertilizer was given, H. lanatus and D. glomerata, were equally competitive and clover contributed only 16–18% of the total herbage yield of 10·4 t ha-1 in them, compared with 33–50% of yields ranging from 9·6 to 119 t ha-1 in the other six species. Propyzamide decreased grass growth in mid-season by more than 50% but there was little overall persistent benefit to clover yield, except for A. stolonifera and P. pratense with 0·4 and 0·6 kg ha-1 treatments. Dactylis glomerata and perenne were least and H. lanatus, F. rubra and P. pratensis most suppressed by the herbicide.Possible reasons for the overall large clover contribution from a very sparse seedling population and the relatively small effects of propyzamide are discussed as well as future work required to improve the predictability of effects of grass suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1986.tb01827.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slot-seeding investigations. 4. Effect of phosphate fertilizer and grass suppressant on the establishment and growth of white clover in permanent pasture (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: White clover (cv. Grasslands Huia) was slot-seeded in April 1982 into plots of permanent pasture of differing botanical composition and reserves of soil phosphate. In one investigation the short-term effects of placing different amounts of phosphate (P2O5) in different positions in relation to the slot were investigated. In another, emphasis was given to effects of a grass-suppressing herbicide, propyzamide, on herbage growth and clover contributon during the second year.Fewer seedlings established on plots with a high initial P status and abundant in Holcus lanatus and Alopecurus pratensis than on plots deficient in P2O5 and dominated by Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra. P2O5decreased numbers of establishing clover seedlings when applied in the slots but not when placed beneath them. Growth was increased most when placement was beneath the slot. Application of P2O5to plots previously supplied with it resulted in 7.2 g total above ground and 1.7 g stolon dry weight (m row)−1compared to 1.3 and 0.1 g respectively in plots with low reserves and DO applied P2O5.Propyzamide greatly increased the yield and the contribution of clover in the presence of high initial P status and applied P2O5. Without propyzamide, clover made only a small contribution until July, averaging 7% for the whole season with little benefit from residual P. Clover growth in late summer was increased from 41 to 292 kg DM ha−1 where P2O5 was applied to P-deficient plots sprayed with propyzamide in the previous autumn. The large increases in clover contribution following propyzamide application were accompanied by small decreases in total seasonal yield of grass. The proportions of H. lanatus and. F. rubra. were decreased and of A. capillaris, increased.Spread of clover from the slots was slow during the first year but was encouraged by both P2O5 and propyzamide during the second year. Factors requiring further investigation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01775.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slot-seeding investigations. 5 The effects of simulated delayed emergence and propyzamide on the spread and growth of white clover in permanent pasture (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of delayed emergence of white clover (cv. Grasslands Huia) seedlings, following slot-seeding during spring and early summer 1983, were simulated by sowing seeds at intervals into slots cut in turves of permanent grassland in soil-filled tanks or in the field. The resulting spread and growth of the species were assessed during the following 15–18 months. The effects of propyzamide, a grass-suppressing herbicide (at 0·2 kg ha-1), were also investigated in the field.A delay of 10 or 18 days in the sowing of seeds in turves in the tanks reduced clover dry weight yield from 23 to 11 during 1983 and from 118 to 96 g (0·12 m)-2 during 1984. Spread of stolons from the slots was also greatly delayed and effects persisted for at least a year. Increased clover growth on the earliest sown treatment more than compensated for a slightly smaller yield of grass.In the field, yields of clover from late summer 1983 until spring 1984 closely reflected the order of emergence. Afterwards, differences were less clear-cut but the cumulative yield of clover until August 1984 of the earliest-sown treatment was twice that of a treatment sown 20 d later. Effects of delayed sowing in summer 1983 were more pronounced on stolons than on foliage growth when measured in September 1984, with significant reductions in many stolon attributes even with 8 d delay in sowing. Application of propyzamide in autumn 1983 increased clover yield during 1984 from 1·7 to 3·0 and total herbage yield from 7·1 to 8·6 t ha-1.The results demonstrated some of the benefits of rapid seedling emergence and of the use of a grass-suppressing herbicide, but did not indicate any interaction between the two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02099.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slot-seeding investigations. 6. A comparison of the spread and productivity of different white clover varieties introduced into permanent pasture (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seeds of six cultivars of white clover were sown in 1983 in slots in tares of permanent pasture in soil-filled tanks in spring and in small plots in the field during midsummer. The clover cultivars investigated were the large-leaved Olwin and Milk nova, the medium-leaved Grasslands Huia and Aberystwyth S100, and the small-leaved Kent Wild White and Aberystwyth S184. Seeds from an indigenous clover population were also sown in the tanks. All herbage was defoliated at three- to six-week intervals to simulate rotational grazing and assessments were made until autumn 1984.Leaf and stolon production and spread of stolons from the slots were more rapid in Milkanova, S184, Huia and Kent than in Olwen and S100 In the tanks, harvested yields of clover leaf and petiole were largest for Milkanova and Olwen and least for the indigenous population; both Olwen and S100 had a smaller percentage of their total weight outside the slot area than had the other varieties. In the field, Milkanova greatly out yielded all other varieties and S100 yielded the least, contributing 48 and 27%, resf actively, to total herbage yield. The yield of grass differed little between varieties in tanks but in the field it tended to be higher with the smaller than with the larger-leaved varieties. Total herbage yield was largest for Olwen and Milkanova in tanks and for Milkanova in the field. The greatest weight of stolons in tanks was produced by Olwen and in the field by Olwen and Kent, but the greatest length of stolons and number of nodes in both environments occurred in the smalt-leaved varieties, especially Kent. Least length of stolons and fewest nodes in the tanks were produced by Olwen and in the field by Milkanova.It was concluded that all the varieties investigated could be successfully slot-seeded into permanent pastures but that the choice of variety will depend on subsequent use and management of the resulting swards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02100.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology and prevalence of epidermal papillomas epidemic in brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Lesueur), and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), populations from Ontario, Canada (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. White sucker, Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), and brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Lesueur), populations throughout the Great Lakes examined for evidence of pollution associated neoplasia exhibited a variety of morphologically distinct skin lesions. Three types of skin lesions affected white suckers: (a) focal on the lips, (b) discrete on the body, or (c) raised mucoid focal lesions on the skin and fins. Histologically, all three types featured a continuum between mild epidermal hyperplasia and benign papillomata. Brown bullheads exhibited a single variably shaped raised lesion on all body surfaces and within the oral cavity in addition to focal lip lesions. All bullhead lesions exhibited a continuum between mild epithelial hyperplasia and papillomata. Some skin lesions in both species were invasive but most abnormalities represented some stage in the development of epidermal papillomas. These papillomas superficially resemble papillomas common in many fish species and which are associated with viruses, but sucker and bullhead papillomas exhibit a unique range of histopathological and gross morphological appearances. The high prevalence of these papillomas, affecting up to 60% of some populations in polluted areas, supports the possibility that carcinogenic chemicals in the sediments are influencing papilloma development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00326.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of cyclotron heating induced spatial modulation of electron magnetization to tokamak current drive (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Application to a tokamak of electron-cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) injected at a given poloidal angle will result in a small but important variation of average electron magnetic moment with poloidal angle. This, coupled with the dependence of magnetic field strength on poloidal angle, will result in the transmission of a net toroidal force to the electrons, the direction and magnitude of which depend on the poloidal angle at which the ECRH is injected and the direction of velocity of the electrons by which it is absorbed. The geometries for which this mechanism adds to the Fisch–Boozer mechanism [Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 720 (1980)] are described, as are those for which this mechanism is in opposition. Taking this mechanism into account, it is demonstrated that electrons at large minor radii can be driven with significantly greater efficiency if resonance is on the inboard side of the tokamak than if it is on the outboard side, and the ratio of the two efficiencies is calculated for the case of Coulomb collisionality in the limit of large Larmor radius. The case of turbulence-dominated collisionality is considered, and a general prediction of the ratio of the efficiency of this drive mechanism to that of the Fisch–Boozer mechanism is presented, in which the ratio of the efficiencies is given in terms of the dependence of the slowing-down time on velocity. The mechanism described herein provides a significant correction to predictions of current drive efficiency for infinite Larmor radius Coulomb collisionality, and is likely to provide a more significant correction yet for more realistic models of collisionality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865982
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reentrant cavity as a low-power plasma source (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2957-2960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low-power source of plasma employing ECRH microwave breakdown in a reentrant cavity is described. The cavity has the following features: its dimensions can be made much smaller than its resonant wavelength, cavity Q values of several hundred are not difficult to achieve, and the vacuum rf electric field is uniform near its center. The plasma density to power ratio is roughly 109 cm−3 per watt for powers up to about 10 W. A smooth radial profile and a temperature of 5–10 eV are observed, and the plasma is very quiescent (δn/n is less than 1%). The cavity's construction and performance is described and compared to the performance of a simple loop antenna in a nonresonant structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139023
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  • 10
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    Attitude toward marriage roles among Chinese and American college students (1986)
    Worcester, Mass. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Social Psychology. 126 (1986) 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4545
    Topics: Psychology , Sociology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1143-1986-126-00-000022
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