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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytoskeleton of Cobaea seed hairs: (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Actin filament ; Cellulose band ; Cobaea ; Seed hair ; Microtubule ; Pit (coated)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell wall of Cobaea scandens seed hairs developed in a characteristic sequence, with the deposition of a cellulose thread onto a pectic swelling layer was the final event. The cellulose thread was intracellularly accompanied by a band of 10–18 microtubules. During the formation of the swelling layer the microtubules were homogeneously distributed; they ran circumferentially normal to the cell axis. When cellulose-thread formation started, the microtubules became arranged in a helical band. The density of the microtubules varied during the different phases of development. The highest density was observed before cellulosethread formation and ranged from 6–15 μm·μm-2. The length of the microtubules, 20–30 μm, was determined by direct measurements, as well as estimated from the total microtubular length in a given area and the counted free ends. With the indirect immunofluorescence technique the microtubules of the band stained inhomogeneously. Those which were located at the edges of the band fluoresced more intensely than those of the central part. Attempts to visualize actin filaments in the hair cells with rhodaminyl-conjugated phalloidin resulted in a homogeneous staining of the area of the microtubular band, indicating that actin filaments may be present in this region. Though, in thin sections and dry-cleaved cells, filamentous structures were observed between the microtubules, caution is expressed that the observed fluorescence was, indeed, due to actin filaments. The role of the filamentous structures is discussed with respect to formation and maintenance of the microtubular band. Microtubules apparently did not cross coated pits which were visualized in the plasma membrane through the dry-cleaving technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum in epidermal cells of onion bulb scales after cold stress: Involvement of cytoskeletal elements (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 177 (1989), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Actin filament ; Allium ; Cold stress ; 3,3′-Dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide ; Endoplasmic reticulum (reorganization) ; Microtubule ; Temperature (cold stress)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the epidermal cells of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb scales the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be subdivided into three domains: a peripheral tubular network, cisternae, and long tubular strands. The latter are the form in which the ER is moved in onion cells. During cold treatment the arrangement of the three domains changes drastically. The cisternae and long tubular strands disintegrate into short ER tubules which show rapid agitational motion. Long-distance movement is inhibited. The peripheral tubular ER network is presumably retained during cold treatment. Rewarming of previously chilled bulb scales initiates the reorganization of the ER into the three domains. The ER is partly relocated during recovery from cold treatment. Redistribution and reorganization of the ER is not affected by the microtubule-destabilizing herbicides oryzalin and trifluralin (5 μM). Cytochalasin D (2μM), however, inhibits not only the relocation of ER material, as is evident by the absence of long tubular ER strands, but also the movement of other cell organelles. The latter cluster on top of the cisternae in a manner which is characteristic of treatment with the actin-filament inhibitor. The array of actin filaments is similar in unstressed, cold-treated cells, and cells which recover from low temperatures in the presence of oryzalin or tap water alone. In the presence of cytochalasin D the actin filaments are severely fragmented. The results indicate that low temperatures most likely influence either the interaction of the force-generating system, probably myosin, with actin filaments, or the force-generating mechanism of the actomyosin-driven intracellular movement, but do not affect actin-filament integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392816
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cytokinin-sensitive mutant of the moss,Physcomitrella patens, defective in chloroplast division (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Physcomitrella protonemata ; Chloroplast division ; Cytoskeleton ; Cell division abnormalities ; Microinjection ; Moss mutant ; Protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An X-ray induced mutant (PC22) of the moss,Physcomitrella patens was analysed with respect to its morphology, physiology and suitability for microculture techniques. The mutant protonemata are defective in bud formation and in chloroplast division. As a consequence of the latter, giant chloroplasts are formed which disturb the development of the phragmoplast, the formation of regular cross walls, and cell division. Abnormal cross walls are rich in callose. The actin cytoskeleton was found to be less regularly developed in the mutant than in the wild type. Three-dimensional analysis of the microtubular arrangement with confocal laser scan microscopy demonstrates a close association between spindle- or phragmoplast- and “interphase”-microtubules. The deficiencies in chloroplast division and in bud formation can partly be compensated for by exogeneously applied cytokinin. The suitability of this particular developmental mutant for further studies was shown by regeneration of protoplasts in microculture and microinjection of the fluorochrome Lucifer yellow into the chloroplast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01354234
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic streaming: Fluorescence microscopical observations in adaxial epidermis cells of onion bulb scales (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 131 (1986), S. 250-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282989
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin filament array during side branch initiation in protonema cells of the mossFunaria hygrometrica: an actin organizing center at the plasma membrane (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 151 (1989), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Funaria ; Actin filaments ; Side branch formation ; Moss protonema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary With an improved method to visualize the actin filament system it is possible to detect a small, peculiar accumulation of actin filaments under the prospective area of side branch formation inFunaria protonema cells. It consists of a ring-like configuration of actin filaments from which filaments radiate, preferentially along the plasma membrane. During the transition to tip growth the arrangement becomes loosened and eventually disappears whereas the filaments are concentrated in inner regions of the cytoplasm with a maximum in the apical dome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403455
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoskeletal elements in cotton seed hair developmentin vitro: Their possible regulatory role in cell wall organization (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 137 (1987), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Cellulose fibrils ; Cotton fibres ; Coated pits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The localization and orientation of cytoskeletal elements in developing cotton fibres were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence and the dry cleaving technique. Microtubules are transversely arranged to the cell axis, most probably in a flat helix, in the cortex of expanding fibres. Since the innermost deposited cellulose microfibrils always show primarily the same orientation it is postulated that the microtubules control the transverse deposition of the cellulose fibrils. Little further cell expansion takes place during secondary wall formation and the microfibril pattern corresponds to that of the cortical microtubules,e.g., in the steepness of their helicoidal turns. Microtubules with a length of 7–20 μm were observed, probably they are longer. The importance of microtubule length on microfibril deposition is discussed. The density of microtubule packing is in the range of 8–14 μm-1 as in other comparable cell types. In contrast to the microtubules, actin filaments are most likely longitudinally oriented during different phases of fibre development. The dry cleaving technique reveals numerous coated pits in the plasma membrane which are not crossed by microtubules. They seem to be linked to the latter by filamentous structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281176
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the herbicide oryzalin on cytoskeleton and growth ofFunaria hygrometrica protonemata (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 142 (1988), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Funaria protonema ; Indirect immunofluorescence ; Microtubules ; Oryzalin ; Polar growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protonemata ofFunaria hygrometrica were exposed to the herbicidal MT inhibitor oryzalin. A reduction of the growth rate together with a disturbance of oriented polar growth is observed. Both effects are reversible. Visualization of MT by IFT reveals differential sensitivities of MT. At lower concentrations (⩽10−6 M) only the cytoplasmic MT are depolymerized causing impairment of the migration of the nucleus and the transport of the plastids. Close association of MT with the surface of the plastids is demonstrated. At higher concentrations of oryzalin spindle and phragmoplast MT are affected as well. They are found in unusual orientations and display a variety of aberrant forms like multipolar spindles or the occurrence of several “mini-spindles” within one cell. The mode of action of oryzalin is discussed and the necessity of a continuous network of cytoplasmic MT between nucleus and growing tip for the maintenance of polar growth is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273226
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of actin filament pattern in plant cells without pre-fixation A comparison of differently modified phallotoxins (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Funaria protonemata ; Chara rhizoid ; Actin filament ; Phallotoxin ; Rhodamine ; Fluorescein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple method is introduced to visualize actin filaments in plant cells without previous aldehyde fixation and/or additional extraction procedures. The concentration dependence of differently modified phallotoxins was examined. Displacement and competition experiments were performed to demonstrate the differences between phallotoxins, unlabeled or labeled with different fluorochromes. The procedure is valid for several plant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322990
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