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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simulation of keV electron scatterings in a charged-up specimen (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Supposing that an insulator is charged-up negatively by an accumulation of incident primary electrons, we study how much the subsequent incident electron is influenced by the charge in the specimen. We introduce a new Monte Carlo simulation model of electron scattering in a solid taking into account an electric field around the simulated electron. In a present study the incident electron energy is 20 keV, and the insulator is a poly-methyl-methacrylate wafer of 1 mm in thickness. This paper clarifies the changes in some physical quantities, e.g., the backscattering coefficient, energy deposition, etc. due to the specimen charging during an electron beam irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340285
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The equilibrium low-temperature structure of icef a@f ) (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 424-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following the discovery of a first-order phase transition in annealed KOH-doped ice at 72 K, which was identified as the order–disorder transition associated with the proton positions, a structural study has now been made. Powder neutron diffraction measurements on KOD-doped D2O above and below the phase transition, together with x-ray diffraction measurements, reveal a partial ordering of the hydrogen atoms at low temperatures. The equilibrium structure of ice at low tempertures has orthorhombic symmetry, space group Cmc21, with the same lattice as the high-temperature Ih (P63/mmc) modification. The structure is polar and there is evidence that the ordered domains are less than about 40 A(ring) in dimension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448763
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic Aspects of Glassy Crystals (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 484 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb49575.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transitions in the hydroquinone hydrogen sulfide clathrate compound (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 3 (1985), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: clathrate ; hydroquinone hydrogen sulfide clathrate compound ; phase transition ; molecular rotation ; heat capacity ; dielectric constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heat capacities of [C6H4(OH)2]3·(H2S) x were measured between 1 and 15 K. Heat capacity peaks were found at (7.56±0.09) K, (7.61±0.05) K, and (7.65±0.07) K for the compounds withx=0.92, 0.95, and 0.96. A weak anomaly was observed around 6.75 K for the compound withx=0.85. The temperatures of these anomalies are unusually low among the phase transitions of molecular crystals. The decrease of the transition temperature from that of crystalline H2S (=103.52 K) is a clear indication of the effect of enclathration on the molecular interaction. A comparison of the rotational heat capacity of the trapped hydrogen sulfide molecules with that of crystalline hydrogen sulfide shows that the trapped hydrogen sulfide molecules have a large rotational freedom at low temperatures (∼13 K). This agrees with the results from far infrared spectroscopic data. The dielectric constant of the clathrate compound obeyed the Curie-Weiss law above 30 K and no significant dielectric loss was found over the whole temperature range. These results showed that the trapped hydrogen sulfide molecules execute free rotation or are orientationally disordered above ∼20 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655729
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calorimetric study ofβ-cyclodextrin undecahydrate (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 5 (1987), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: β-Cyclodextrin undecahydrate ; phase transition ; entropy of transition ; glass transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heat capacities of crystallineβ-cyclodextrin undecahydrate have been measured in the temperature range between 13 and 300K by use of a miniaturized adiabatic low-temperature calorimeter. A first-order phase transition occurred at 226K with a discontinuous entropy change of 45.0 ± 1.0J K −1 mol−1. The highly disordered nature of the high temperature phase was considered in relation to the entropy contribution. A glass transition phenomenon observed around 150K was ascribed to the freezing of a configurational change of the protons engaged in the four-membered hydrogen-bonded ring which appeared only in the low temperature phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calorimetric study on pure and KOH-doped argon clathrate hydrates (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 6 (1988), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calorimetry ; argon clathrate hydrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pure and KOH (x=1.3×10−3)-doped argon clathrate hydrates were synthesized in an adiabatic high-pressure calorimetric cell from one mole of water and 200 MPa of Ar gas. The heat capacities of the hydrates were measured from 12 to 130 K. No anomaly was found in the pure sample but a glass transition considered to be related to a proton-configurational mode of the host hydrogen-bonded lattice was observed for the first time at 55 K in the doped sample. Comparison with the results on pure and KOH-doped tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrates indicated that the thermodynamic properties of a hydrogen-bonded system depend on the kind of guest molecule. The heat capacity of argon in the hydrate cages was adequately analyzed with the one-dimensional Pöschl-Teller potential as used in the Ar-β-quinol clathrate and the addivity of heat capacities of the guest and host was shown to be valid in the temperature range 12–130 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00682143
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