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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a substrate on the phase transformations of amorphous TiSi2 thin films (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The crystallization of an amorphous TiSi2 evaporated film has been studied on both poly-Si and SiO2 substrates. A metastable form of TiSi2 (base-centered orthorhombic; a=3.62 A, b=13.76 A, and c=3.605 A) [P. G. Cotter, J. H. Kohn, and R. A. Potter, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 39, 11 (1956)] is formed first at a temperature of approximately 350 °C on both substrates. This phase consumes the entire amorphous layer before undergoing a polymorphic transformation to face-centered orthorhombic TiSi2 (a=8.24 A, b=4.78 A, and c=8.54 A) [F. Laves and H. J. Wallbaum, Z. Kristallogr. 101, 78 (1979)] at 600 and 800 °C on poly-Si and SiO2, respectively. These transformations were investigated using in situ resistivity, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The room-temperature resistivities observed were 96 and 20 μΩ cm for the base-centered and face-centered TiSi2, respectively. The enhanced polymorphic transformation on poly-Si over SiO2 is explained by a lowering of surface energy barrier to nucleation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338254
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of the Al/PdxW100−x/Si contact systems (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 1886-1892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interactions of thin films of Al and Pd-W alloys (Pd80W20 and Pd20W80) deposited on Si and on SiO2 have been studied using Auger-electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and forward current-voltage measurements of Schottky-barrier height. For the bilayer films deposited on the inert substrate of SiO2, Pd reacts with Al, forming Al-rich Al-Pd intermetallic compounds at 400 °C. Furthermore, in the Pd-rich alloys (Pd80W20) Al permeates through the whole alloy film readily at 500 °C, while in the W-rich Pd20W80 the integrity of the alloy film is preserved even following annealing at 600 °C. For the bilayer films deposited on single-crystal Si, the results of annealing show extraction of Pd to both sides of the alloy, forming Pd2Si at the Si side and Al-Pd intermetallic compounds at the Al side. In the case of the Pd-rich alloy (Al/Pd80W20/Si) contact deterioration due to Al penetration to the substrate interface is observed at 500 °C and possibly at 400 °C. In the case of the W-rich alloy (Al/Pd20W80/Si) the stability of the contact is preserved even following annealing at 550 °C for 30 min; the structure after the annealing is Al-Pd/Pd-W/Pd2Si/Si. The W-rich alloy is very promising for contact applications in Si devices due to the fact that both a shallow silicide contact and a built-in diffusion barrier are simultaneously obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335992
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transformations of alloys on a reactive substrate: Interaction of binary alloys of transition and rare-earth metals with silicon (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transition and rare-earth metals have been found to interact with single-crystal Si in a way that allows a division into three distinct classes: near noble, refractory, and rare earth. Recently, attention has turned to the reaction of their binary alloys with Si. In this paper we will try to demonstrate that by regarding the alloy-Si reaction as a phase transformation of alloys under the influence of a reactive substrate, we can undertake a systematic approach for the study of this kind of phase transformations involving ternary elements. In essence we show that the kinetic path taken by the alloy-Si interaction can be understood and anticipated from the reaction characteristics of the proper metal/Si bilayers and the reaction in the alloy itself. Results will be shown for Er-Pt, and Gd-Ti alloys on Si which confirm this systematic approach, which is also supported by previously published data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336186
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Variation in Wheat HMW Glutenin Subunits and the Molecular Basis of Bread-Making Quality (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 7 (1989), S. 1281-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] For successful bread-making, dough made from wheat flour needs to have considerable elasticity. The elasticity is provided in part by seed storage proteins called high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. Two particular HMW subunits, numbers 12 and 10 have been found previously to confer ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1289-1281
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed X-ray diffraction and in situ resistivity measurements at temperatures of 100 to 1000 K (1989)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 22 (1989), S. 523-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A system has been constructed which uses a primary-beam focusing monochromator Debye–Scherrer X-ray method to perform simultaneously in situ X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements at temperatures of 100 to 1000 K. The Inel curved linear detector, which is capable of recording 120° of 20 angle without moving the detector, makes the Debye–Scherrer geometry possible for high-speed dynamic studies. The angular resolution of this system is sufficient to observe the separation of a mixture of tungsten and molybdenum powders. The sensitivity of the system makes it possible to record the diffraction pattern from a 100 Å gold film. The sheet resistivity of the sample can be recorded simultaneously to provide a structure-property correlation. Comparisons with other X-ray diffraction methods using thin films are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889006412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA restriction-fragment variation in the gene family encoding high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of wheat (1986)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 24 (1986), S. 579-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: wheat ; seed protein genes ; restriction-fragment length polymorphism, prolamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction enzyme digests of DNA from nullisomic-tetrasomic and intervarietal chromosome substitution lines of wheat were probed with a high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin cDNA. Three restriction endonucleases were used to investigate restriction-fragment differences among five wheat varieties. The results suggest that the hybridizing fragments contain single gene copies and permit the identification of the subunit encoded by each gene. Restriction-fragment variation associated with previously established allelic differences between varieties was observed. Also, there is a clear relationship between the electrophoretic mobility of a HMW subunit and the length of the central repetitive section of the gene encoding it. These results are discussed with reference to the evolution of the HMW glutenin gene family and the uses of restriction-fragment variation in plant breeding and genetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504336
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of γ-gliadin gene families at the complex Gli-1 locus of bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 845-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gliadins ; Glutenins ; DNA sequence ; Genes ; Gli-1 locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cDNA clone (pTag1436) carrying a complete coding sequence for a γ-gliadin polypeptide has been identified and sequenced. By hybridisation to size fractionated poly A+ RNA from wheat nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, homologous transcripts from the Gli-A1, Gli-B1 and Gli-D1 loci were identified. These mRNAs differed from those complementary to a low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin cDNA clone. Hybridization of pTag1436 to digested wheat DNA produced a pattern of fragments unrelated to that obtained using a LMW glutenin cDNA probe. These results indicate that the γ-gliadin and LMW glutenin families, although both located at the Gli-1 loci, are distinct by hybridisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of proteins associated with self-incompatibility in Solanum tuberosum (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 581-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Self-incompatibility ; S-alleles ; Glycoprotein ; Style
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The gametophytic self-incompatibility system of Solarium tuberosum is controlled by a single locus, designated as the S-locus. Protein extracts from potato styles of defined S-genotypes have been analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and found to contain a group of basic glycoproteins. Each genetically determined allele S 1 to S 4 was associated with the presence of one of a number of these polypeptides differing slightly in isoelectric points (in the range 8.3–〉9.1) and/or apparent molecular weight (ranging from 23,000 to 29,000). Two abundant basic polypeptides, one of which is apparently not glycosylated, were present in all genotypes examined. Amino-terminal protein sequence determinations revealed homologies of the S. tuberosum stylar proteins S2, S3 and S4 with SI-associated polypeptides from Nicotiana alata and Lycopersicon peruvianum. With an oligonucleotide generated to the potato-S2 N-terminal protein sequence, it was possible to detect a style-specific RNA species of ∼920 nucleotides. The oligonucleotide also behaved as an allele-specific probe when hybridized to total RNA of different S-genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290845
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the gliadin multigene loci in bread wheat using nullisomic-tetrasomic lines (1985)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 198 (1985), S. 234-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The polypeptides specified by mRNAs hybridizing to several wheat storage protein cDNAs were determined by one-and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of hybrid-selected translation products. Some of the polypeptides could be assigned to chromosomes on the basis of results gained from two-dimensional fractionation of the in vitro translation products of poly A+ RNA from nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of wheat. cDNA clones belonging to different hybridization groups contained sequences related to different gliadin polypeptide types. In order to determine the chromosomal location and copy number of homologous sequences in the wheat genome, selected cDNA clones were hybridized to restriction endonucleasedigested wheat DNA. The cDNA clones hybridized to sequences derived either from the group 1 chromosomes (γ-3 gliadin and pTag 544 type) or from the group 6 chromosomes (α/β, pTag 53 type). The α/β type sequences are present in 25–35 copies per haploid genome and pTag 544 type sequences in 10–15 copies per haploid wheat genome. Partial sequencing of some of the cDNAs revealed low level homology between the different gliadin cross-hybridization groups, a high-molecular-weight glutenin cDNA sequence and a clone encoding the barley storage protein B-hordein. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to the probable ancestral relations between wheat endosperm storage protein genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a transposon-like insertion in a Glu-1 allele of wheat (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 209 (1987), S. 326-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: HMW glutenin gene ; Wheat ; Transposon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Glu-1 locus, present on the long arms of the group 1 chromosomes of wheat, codes for a group of storage protein polypeptides termed high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin. Hexaploid wheat varieties carry a ‘silent’ Glu-1y allele on chromosome 1A, no polypeptide being attributable to this locus. When two such alleles from different varieties were compared, one was found to contain an 8 kb insertion of DNA, termed Wis-2, interrupting the coding sequence. The insertion site is flanked by a 5 bp duplication. The two ends of Wis-2 contain similar sequences over 500 bp long and its termini contain almost the same short sequences but in opposite orientation. These terminal sequences are related to those of several ‘retroposon’-type transposable elements found in other organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329661
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