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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Severe sialidosis ; α-Neuraminidase deficiency ; Neuropathology ; Congenital ascites ; Nephrosialidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 56-day-old infant with α-neuraminidase deficiency, whose clinical features included severe edema of extremities and ascites which resembled those in severe infantile sialidosis, was autopsied. Perforation, whose pathogenesis was unclear, was found on the descending portion of the duodenum. Light and electron microscope studies showed that neurons in the cerebral and cerebellar corticies, and the thoracic spinal cord contained membrane-bound vacuoles but no membranous cytoplasmic bodies. Zebra bodies were found only in the neurons of the spinal cord. The neurons in the paraganglion and in the Auerbach's myenteric plexus were also distended with numerous membrane-bound vacuoles. Hepatocytes, endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in the liver and glomerular and tubular epithelial cells in the kidney were swollen with a number of vacuoles although the patient showed none of the clinical features of renal involvement. These pathological changes were similar to those in nephrosialidosis reported by Le Sec et al. [Arch Fr Pediatr 35:819–829 (1978)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 256-260 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Copper metabolism ; Mitochondrial abnormality ; Cerebrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The macular mutant mouse was clinically and pathologically examined. The hemizygotes began to show white fur color and curly whiskers around postnatal day 3, then seizures and ataxia around day 8, while the normal littermates did not. The hemizygotes also increased weight gradually from birth to day 9, but then showed weight loss and died around day 15 with severe emaciation. These clinical features resembled those in Menkes kinky hair disease. There were no pathological changes in the cerebral cortex in the hemizygotes on day 7. On day 10, two to three clear vacuoles began to appear in a few neurons in the cerebrum. These neurons with vacuoles increased gradually in number and degenerative neurons were also observed by day 14. Ultrastructurally, they corresponded to giant abnormal mitochondria with an electron-lucent matrix and short peripherally located cristae. Other abnormal mitochondria, which were characterized by an electron-dense matrix with tubular or vesicular cristae, were also observed in the cerebral cortical neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 349-354 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mutant mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Golgi study ; Purkinje cell ; Copper metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to elucidate, using the Golgi method, the neuropathological change in the brain of the macular mutant mouse, whose hemizygote (Ml/y) is considered to be a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD). The hemizygote mice gradually lost weight after 10 days of age and died with emaciation and seizure around day 15. The normal littermate (+/y) was well developed. In the cerebrum, the arborization of pyramidal neurons in the layer V of the Ml/y was the same as that in the +/y on day 10. However, development of arborization in the Ml/y was delayed in comparison with that in the +/y on days 12 and 14. Purkinje cells with several somal sprouts were observed in the cerebellum in both the Ml/y and +/y on day 7. The somal sprouts in the +/y had regressed gradually by day 12, while they were still in the anterior and middle lobes of the Ml/y on day 14. Additionally, the trunks of Ml/y stem dendrites became thicker and a cactus formation was recognized on the branching portion of the dendrites on day 14. Arborization of these abnormal Purkinje cells was distinctly poor compared with that in the +/y. These results suggest that the growth of the neurons is delayed in the Ml/y and simultaneously their cytoskeletal developments are disturbed, especially in the Purkinje cells. There is a close similarity in many respects to the neuropathological change in MKHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Copper therapy ; Mitochondrial abnormalities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hemizygote of the macular mutant mice, which is clinically and neuropathologically considered to be a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD), were injected intraperitoneally four times with 10, 20, 20 and 30 μg of cupric chloride on days 4, 6, 8 and 10 after birth, respectively. Their cerebral and cerebellar cortices were chronologically examined by electron microscopy. In the cerebral cortes, only a few abnormal mitochondria with electron-lucent matrix and short peripherally located cristae were scattered in the neurons on day 14, and these had almost entirely vanished after day 21. In the cerebellar cortex, abnormal mitochondria were frequently found on day 14 in the dendrites of the Purkinje cells, whereas they were only occasionally observed in their cytoplasm. Those in the dendrites had decreased in number on day 30, and only a few of them were seen in the cerebellum after day 45. These results show that the copper therapy reduced ultrastructural abnormalities in the hemizygote of this mutant mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 220-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brindled mouse ; Kinky hair disease ; Heterozygotes ; Purkinje cells ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brindled mutation is an X-linked neurological mutation in mice. Male mice hemizygous for the brindled gene have metabolic defects homologous with kinky hair disease in humans. Neuropathologically, the mutation is characterized by extensive neuronal degeneration associated with pronounced mitochondrial changes in cerebral cortex and abnormal arborization of Purkinje cell dendrites, which are most pronounced in the rostral vermis or anterior lobules. In the cerebellum of female mice heterozygous for brindled gene, Purkinje cells with abnormal dendritic arborization and with unusually enlarged mitochondria were also observed. Morphological changes in affected Purkinje cells in young heterozygotes were similar to those of young hemizygotes. However, in older heterozygotes, the changes were far less conspicuous, indicating the presence of some extrinsic factor(s) to compensate expression of the mutant gene in heterozygous brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 606-612 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Copper therapy ; Golgi study ; Purkinje cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical and neuropathological effects of copper administration on the macular mutant mouse. Its hemizygote, which is considered to be a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD), was injected intraperitoneally four times with 10, 20, 20 and 30 μg of cupric chloride on days 4, 6, 8 and 10, respectively. The hemizygote's curly whiskers gradually straightened and the frequent tonic seizures and ataxia disappeared after the injections. The body weight also gradually increased. In the cerebral cortex, the dendritic arborization of the pyramidal neurons in both the normal littermate and the treated hemizygote developed with time and reached the maximum around day 60. In the treated hemizygote, however, the arborization of the dendrites was significantly poor in comparison with that in the normal littermate from day 20 to 90. In the cerebellum of the treated hemizygote, the abnormal Purkinje cells with the few somal sprouts, thick stem dendrite and/or poor arborization, which were seen in the non-treated hemizygote, were improved by day 30, while their focal dendritic swellings remained even on day 60. These results indicate that the copper therapy improves not only the clinical manifestations but also the neuropathological changes, especially in the cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The drug-metabolism activity of adrenocortical cells of normal and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated ddY mice were examined ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Immunoblot analyses performed prior to immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a protein — possible equivalent to cytochrome P-450 found in the liver microsomes of MC-treated male rats — in the adrenal homogenate of MC-treated female mice. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of a cytochrome-P-450-like protein in the adrenal-cortical cells (especially in the zona-reticularis cells) of MC-treated female mice; at the same time, a remarkable increase in the amount of SER in these cells was observed by electron microscopy. These findings suggest that cells of the mouse adrenal gland, particularly those of the zona-reticularis, might participate not only in steroid biosynthesis but also in some sort of drug metabolism (detoxication). In addition, there might be a sex-related difference in ddY mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Non-ciliated tracheal cell ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-ciliated SER-rich cells of the tracheal epithelium of normal, phenobarbital-treated and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. The apical portion of these cells protrudes into the tracheal lumen, especially in the mice treated with the two compounds, and the apical cytoplasm is filled with numerous tubular elements of SER. Besides, the non-ciliated cells of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice show a strong positive reaction to the antiserum against microsomal cytochrome P-450 of liver. These findings support the concept that the non-ciliated tracheal cell may be involved in the metabolism of endogeneous and exogeneous chemical compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Testis ; Ovary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The testis and ovary of normal and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice were studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically in order to learn whether steroid-secreting cells of the gonads are involved in drug metabolism. The steroid-secreting cells, i.e., Leydig cells of the testis, and theca interna cells, interstitial gland cells, and corpus luteum cells of the ovary of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice, show a strong positive reaction to the antiserum against, hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, of liver which is the terminal oxidase of the drug-metabolizing enzyme complex. In addition, it was found that elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in drug-treated mice become well developed as compared with those in control animals. These findings indicate that the steroid secreting cells in testis as well as ovary are involved in the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous chemical compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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