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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular study of frog's vestibular neurons in relation to the labyrinth and spinal cord (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 377-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Frog vestibular neurons ; Dendritic spikes ; Vestibular efferents ; Electrotonic coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Field and intracellular potentials were recorded in the vestibular nuclei of the frog following stimulation of the anterior branch of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve and the spinal cord. The field potential induced by stimulation of the vestibular nerve consisted of an early positive-negative wave followed by a slow negativity and that recorded during spinal cord stimulation was composed of an antidromic potential followed by a slow negative wave. These potentials were most prominent in the ventral region of the stato-acoustic complex. Mono- and polysynaptic EPSPs were recorded from vestibular neurons following vestibular nerve stimulation. Short latency depolarizations of small amplitude preceded the monosynaptic EPSPs in some neurons. Spike-like partial responses were commonly superimposed on the EPSPs. These all-or-none depolarizations probably originated in the dendrites. In a group of vestibular neurons stimulation of the vestibular nerve evoked full action potentials with latencies ranging from 0.2 to 1.1 msec. They are presumably caused by antidromic activation of neurons which send their axons to the labyrinth. The presence of efferent neurons in the vestibular nuclei was confirmed by their successful staining with Procion Yellow following axonal electrophoresis. After stimulation of the spinal cord, antidromic spike potentials and EPSPs were recorded in vestibular neurons. In addition, short-latency depolarizing potentials (EDPs) were evoked by spinal stimulation, with latencies similar to those of antidromic potentials. The EDPs are suggested to be induced by electrotonic transmission from the neighboring cell and likely to be active spike potentials produced at some distance away from the soma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234462
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monosynaptic excitatory and inhibitory pathways from medial midbrain nuclei to trochlear motoneurons (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 223-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trochlear nucleus ; Interstitial nucleus of Cajal ; Darkschewitsch nucleus ; Descending oculomotor control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of both an ipsi and contralateral medial midbrain area in pentobarbital anesthetized cats evoked an EPSP-IPSP sequence in trochlear motoneurons (TMn). The latencies of both the EPSP and IPSP were in the monosynaptic range. Experiments on chronic medial longitudinal fasciculus sectioned cats showed that the TMn effects were not produced by collaterals of ascending vestibular axons antidromically excited from the medial midbrain. Stimulation of the same area had no effect in abducens motoneurons, but produced EPSPs and spikes in reticular neurons just ventral to the VI nucleus. The effective area for producing TMn PSPs, as delimited by multiple stimulation electrode arrays, extended only over the interstitial nucleus of Cajal-nucleus of Darkschewitsch area (IN). The effective bilateral IN areas appeared homogeneous in their ability to produce both the EPSP and IPSP components in TMns, even at minimum stimulus strength. It was concluded that the IN area is the origin of monosynaptic excitatory and inhibitory pathways to TN, and it was discussed how the IN has the synaptology required of an integration center for reciprocal control of conjugate vertical and rotational eye movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of SO2 in shoots of Scots pine: field measurements of net flux of sulphur in relation to stomatal conductance (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Net fluxes of gaseous sulphur compounds, water vapour and carbon dioxide to current- and one-year-old shoots of Scots pine were simultaneously measured in the field. The shoots were fumigated in temperature-controlled assimilation chambers with sulphur dioxide at concentrations ranging from 40 to 250 μg m−3 (15–95 ppb). The hypothesis that stomatal opening regulates the uptake of sulphur dioxide was tested. The following conclusions were reached concerning the dry deposition of sulphur dioxide to a dry coniferous shoot.There was a marked diurnal variation in the uptake rate of sulphur dioxide. The net deposition velocity of sulphur was about three times higher during the day than during the night during July-October. Stomatal opening was not the primary factor controlling the dry deposition rate of sulphur dioxide. The net dry deposition rate was significantly smaller than the calculated rate based on stomatal conductances for water vapour.Part of this deviation could be explained by re-emission of reduced sulphur compound(s) from the needles. The re-emission of sulphur was a light-dependent process and might be of great significance for the sulphur balance calculations.A variable deposition velocity should be used in atmospheric transport models to account for the diurnal and seasonal variation in the surface resistance of a dry canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11587612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogenic Properties of α(1 → 6) Dextran, Its Protein Conjugates, and Conjugates of Its Breakdown Products in Mice (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 19 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice were immunized with α(1–6) dextran, either as such or coupled to protein carriers, and their anti-dextran response was measured by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and the Farr assay. Like earlier investigators we found that protein-conjugated dextran was more antigenic than plain dextran. Our novel findings were that (1) a standard dose (30 μg of dextran per injection) coupled to strongly antigenic protein (chicken serum albumin (CSA)) was three times more antigenic than dextran coupled to weakly antigenic bovine serum albumin (BSA); (2) dextrans of low molecular weight (1000–10,000 daltons) coupled to CSA induced at least ten times stronger secondary responses than did a similarly coupled macromoleculur dextran (5–40 million daltons); (3) variation of the CHO/protein ratio from 0.3 to 1 had little effect on the antigenicity of the dextran. Increase of the ratio from one appeared 10 decrease immunogenicity when BSA was the carrier but not when CSA was ihe carrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00965.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of Polysaccharides to Erythrocytes by Cyanogen Bromide (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 3 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple procedure for covalent coupling of polysaccharides (PS) to erythrocytes for passive hemagglutination is described. The PS is dissolved in saline and activated by adding cyanogen bromide, keeping the pH at 10.7. After adjusting the pH to 7.8, the activated PS solution is admixed to a 2% erythrocyte suspension for coupling, for 2 hr. Using dextran fractions for coupling, such sensitized cells show a high degree of specific sensitivity, similar to that produced by contact with stearoyl-dextran. Another PS, guaran, was similarly coupled to erythrocytes, conferring on them a high degree of specific sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01266.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended survival of the chick embryo in vitro (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 467-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé On décrit une technique pour obtenir la survie prolongée des embryons du poulet in vitro, et son emploie pour cultiver des tissus isolés du système nerveux centrale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01926786
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibulospinal effects on hindlimb motoneurons of the frog (1974)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 348 (1974), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Frog-Vestibulospinal System ; Spinal Motoneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Field and intracellular potentials were recorded in the lumbar spinal cord of the frog following stimulation of the anterior branch of the vestibular nerve and vestibular nucleus. The field potential recorded in the motoneuron pool after VIIIth nerve stimulation consisted of two presynaptic positive-negative potentials (latencies 1.7 and 2.6 msec) followed by a slow negative wave. The latency of the first presynaptic field potential was only 0.6 msec longer than the presynaptic field potential evoked by stimulation of the vestibular nucleus; it is suggested that electrotonic coupling in the vestibular nuclei is responsible for the fast vestibulospinal transmission. Whereas VIIIth nerve stimulation produced EPSPs in both flexor (peroneal) and extensor (tibial) motoneurons, IPSPs were found only in extensor motoneurons. The functional implication of these findings was discussed. Comparison of PSP latencies with the extracellular presynaptic field potentials generated by VIIIth nerve or nucleus stimulation indicated that EPSPs were produced by the excitatory action of vestibulospinal axons on motoneurons. The longer latencies of the vestibular induced IPSPs suggested that they were generated indirectly by inhibitory spinal interneurons. Preliminary experiments on the interaction of segmental and vestibular induced PSPs suggest that the latter are generated close to the soma of motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587412
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for the density effect in inner-shell lonization by ultra relativistic electron impact (1982)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 305 (1982), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have extended the measurements ofK-andL-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact into the ultra relativistic energy region, 0.9≦E≦2.0 GeV, in order to search for a saturation of the cross section. This phenomenon, which is due to the polarization of the target medium, is called density effect. It is predicted to occur at several hundred MeV impact energy and preferentially for lowZ target elements. Theoretical calculations are presented, based on the one-photon-exchange approximation. The absolute measurements of theK-andL-shell cross sections for Ni(K), Cu(K), Ag(K, L) and Au(L) performed at the 2.5 GeV electron synchrotron of the Bonn University, however, exhibit that the cross sections show no saturation but are still increasing. Furthermore, from theK X-ray yields, obtained at 0.9 and 2.0 GeV by bombarding the lowZ elements S, Ca, Mn, Ni and Ge, we obtain for the corresponding cross section ratio σ K (2GeV)/σ K (0.9GeV)=1.08±0.01 on the average. TheK X-ray yield of a composite Ca — Mn target amounts to $$[\sigma _K (Ca;2.0GeV)/\sigma _K (Mn;2.0GeV)]/[\sigma _K (Ca;0.9GeV/\sigma _K (Mn;0.9GeV)] = 0.99 \pm 0.02.$$ . All three results are in disagreement with theory. This severe discrepancy is discussed but the origin for it is not yet understood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01415072
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on fusion cross sections in the40Ar+40Ca and40Ca+40Ca systems (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 302 (1981), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cross sections for the production of evaporation residues in a fusion reaction have been extracted from measurements of cross sections for elastic, quasi-elastic and deep inelastic scattering of40Ar projectiles on40Ca target nuclei at incident energies ELAB=191, 236 and 272 MeV. The extracted data are compared with the predictions of a one-body window-friction model including a neck configuration in the interaction phase between the projectile and target nuclei. Furthermore, the results for the40Ar+40Ca system are compared to those obtained in the similarly mass-symmetric system40Ca+40Ca where directly measured evaporation residue data are available. The fusion reaction in heavy ion collisions has so far been studied mostly at low incident energies and for systems where the fusion cross section is in good approximation given by the cross section for evaporation residues [1]. This approximation has been verified only for heavy interacting systems (A〉 100 for the combined system). In this paper we comment on the problems of fusion cross sections for the lighter projectile-target combination40Ar+40a and give evidence that this approximation may not be generally valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414272
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of theK-shell fluorescence yield of13Al,20Ca,23V and25Mn for vacancies produced by the relativistic electron impact (1981)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 300 (1981), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The K-shell fluorescence yield of Al, Ca, V and Mn has been measured by bombarding thin solid targets of 0.5–4.0μg/cm2 on 6–10μg/cm2 carbon backing with relativistic electrons of 30 and 60 MeV and by simultaneous detection of the x-ray and Auger yield by means of a Si(Li) detector and an electrostatic electron spectrometer, respectively. While the values obtained for25Mn (ωK=0.310 −0.020 +0.023 ) and23V(ωK=0.252 −0.018 +0.020 ) agree within their accuracy with known experimental and theoretical data, are the values of20Ca (ωK=0.127 −0.011 +0.013 ) and13Al(ωK=0.027±0.005) lower than experimental or recommended empirical values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412621
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