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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 15 (1981), S. 184-187 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Rat experiments ; Autoregulation ; Single glomerular filtration rate ; Tubulo-glomerular feedback control ; Rattenexperimente ; Autoregulation ; Filtrationsrate im Einzelglomerulus ; Kontrolle des tubuloglomerulären Feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Phänomen der Autoregulation der Nierendurchblutung und des Glomerulumfiltrats lassen sich zur Zeit am besten mit myogenen Mechanismen und mit Hilfe des tubuloglomerulären Feedbackmechanismus erklären. Es wurden Untersuchungen an jungen Ratten durchgeführt, um die Bedeutung des tubuloglomerulären Feedbacks bei der Autoregulation in Nephronen der Nierenrinde und des Nierenmarkes weiter aufzuklären. Hierzu wurde die Mikropunktionstechnik am Einzelnephron an der Oberfläche der Niere und an der Nierenpapille verwendet, um sowohl den Druck im Glomerulum als auch die Einzelnephronfiltrationsrate (SN-GFR) zu messen. Außerdem verwendeten wir zur Bestimmung der SN-GFR in einer anderen Versuchsserie die modifizierte Hanssen-Technik, d.h. Bestimmung der SN-GFR nach Bolusinjektion eines Farbindikators und Dissektion des Einzelnephrons. Weiterhin entwickelten wir eine Fernseh-Videotechnik zur Bestimmung der spontanen Harnflußrate an intakten Henle'schen Schleifen in vivo. SN-GFR Messungen der beiden Nephronpopulationen ergaben bei Blockade des Harnflusses an der Macula densa 29.6 nl·min−1·g−1 Nierengewicht für die oberflächlichen Nephrone und 84.1 für die tiefen Nephrone, wenn man diese mit der Mikropunktionstechnik bestimmt. Der Nettofiltrationsdruck an oberflächlichen Nephronen wurde mit 19 und an tiefen mit 47 mm Hg bestimmt, ebenfalls bei blockiertem Harnfluß zur Macula densa. Die modifizierte Hanssentechnik dagegen ergab für die SN-GFR der oberflächlichen Nephrone 25,8 nl·min−1·g−1 Nierengewicht und für die tiefen 27,7. Diese Werte entsprechen dem Zustand des intakten, physiologischen Harnflusses an der Macula densa. Die SN-GFR war bei intaktem Harnstrom an der Macula densa (Hanssentechnik) gut autoreguliert, während sie das nicht war bei blockiertem Harnstrom an der Macula densa (Mikropunktionstechnik). Die Videotechnik ergab in der Henle'schen Schleife einen spontanen Volumenfluß von 7,3 nl·min−1·g−1 und dieser stieg bei Blockierung des Flusses zur Macula densa auf 19,2 nl·min−1·g−1 an. Unsere Versuche zeigen, daß hauptsächlich der tubuloglomeruläre Feedback zur Autoregulation der Einzelnephronfiltrationsrate bei jungen, normal hydrierten Ratten beiträgt. Der tubuloglomeruläre Feedback ist vor allem in den tiefen Nephronen von Bedeutung und muß bei Untersuchungen an Henle'schen Schleifen von tiefen Nephronen berücksichtigt werden.
    Notes: Summary The intrinsic myogenic hypothesis and the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism (TGF) give the presently most cherished explanation to the autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. A series of experiments was performed on young, normohydrated rats in order to evaluate the importance of TGF as an autoregulatory factor of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in superficial and juxtamedullary nephron populations. Micropuncture techniques were applied to tubular structures of the renal surface and on the papilla for the measurement of hydrostatic pressures and SNGFR. The SNGFR was also measured with a modified Hanssen technique. A TV-technique was used to record the urine free flow rate in the loop of Henle. The net driving forces for glomerular filtration at the afferent end of the glomerular capillaries were estimated to be 19 and 47 mm Hg for superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons respectively, when the urine flow at the macula densa was zero. The SNGFR of the two nephron populations amounted to 29.6 and 84.1 nl·min−1·g−1 K.W., as measured with the micropuncture technique. With a modified Hanssen technique the corresponding values were 25.8 and 27.7 nl·min−1. g−1 K.W. (kidney weight). The SNGFR was found to be well autoregulated when the urine flow at the macula densa was intact, but not when the urine flow was interrupted. The flow rate in the loop of Henle was in free flow conditions 7.3 nl·min−1·g−1 K.W. which shall be compared with 19.2 nl·min−1·g−1 K.W. when the urine flow to the macula densa was zero. We conclude that SNGFR is mainly autoregulated by the TGF-mechanism in young, normohydrated rats at lower arterial pressures. In normal conditions TGF is highly activated for juxtamedullary nephrons, but not for the superficial ones. The high urine flow rate in the loop of Henle at reduced flow rates at the macula densa may invalidate the use of loop blockade in studies of water and solute transfer across the loop walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 69 (1982), S. 167-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: water permeability ; salt transport ; quantitative light microscopy ; transepithelial fluid transport ; Necturus gallbladder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Epithelial cell volume is a sensitive indicator of the balance between solute entry into the cell and solute exit. Solute accumulation in the cell leads to cell swelling because the water permeability of the cell membranes is high. Similarly, solute depletion leads to cell shrinkage. The rate of volume change under a variety of experimental conditions may be utilized to study the rate and direction of solute transport by an epithelial cell. The pathways of water movement across an epithelium may also be deduced from the changes in cellular volume. A technique for the measurement of the volume of living epithelial cells is described, and a number of experiments are discussed in which cell volume determination provided significant new information about the dynamic behavior of epithelia. The mechanism of volume regulation of epithelial cells exposed to anisotonic bathing solution is discussed and shown to involve the transient stimulation of normally dormant ion exchangers in the cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Arterio-venous shunt ; bleeding course ; epidural haematoma ; diploicveins ; absorption capacity ; epidural space ; subarachnoid space ; clinical outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to test the possibility suggested in previous studies that the long bleeding time and the large bleeding volume observed in experimental epidural bleeding can be explained by the development of an arterio-venous shunt, water soluble X-ray contrast was injected into the epidural space in dogs during an epidural bleeding in progress. It was found that the contrast medium left the epidural space through diploic veins in the cranial bone to the neck veins. By draining off epidural blood the arterio-venous shunt counteracts the intracranial pressure tamponade developing in intradural bleeds and thus prolongs bleeding. Perfusion experiments showed the absorption capacity for saline to be about 20 times as large in the epidural space as in the CSF space. While there was no apparent absorption limit for blood in the epidural space the absorption capacity for blood of the subarachnoid space became progressively saturated, leading to a continuously increasing CSF outflow resistance and CSF steady-state pressure. A theory for the formation of epidural haematoma is proposed which in essence implies that the epidural shunt is a major determinant of the clinical outcome of an epidural bleeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 53 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Isonicotinyl hydrazide, glycine hydroxamate, aminoacetonitrile and KCN inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Viking II) mitochondria. The site of inhibition for the different inhibitors was studied. Isonicotinyl hydrazide and glycine hydroxamate both inhibited the partial reactions glycine-bicarbonate exchange and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The inhibition was competitive for the exchange reaction and noncompetitive for serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Aminoacetonitrile at low concentration (1 mM) inhibited the glycine-bicarbonate exchange specifically, whereas serine hydroxymethyltransferase was inhibited only at higher concentrations. Aminoacetonitrile was a competitive inhibitor for both reactions. The serine hydroxymethyltransferase was inhibited by KCN whereas the glycine-bicarbonate exchange was only partially inhibited. The KCN-inhibition of serine hydroxymethyltransferase was competitive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 59 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of external pH on several reactions catalyzed by glycine decarboxylase in spinach leaf mitochondria was investigated. Glycine-dependent oxygen consumption showed a pH optimum at 7.6, whereas the release of CO2 and NH3 from glycine in the presence of oxaloacetate both showed pH maxima at 8.1. Glycine-dependent reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. on the other hand showed a pH optimum at 8.4. It is concluded that these three reactions have different rate-limiting steps. The rate of the glycine-bicarbonate exchange reaction catalyzed by glycine decarboxylase showed no optimum in the pH range investigated, pH 7–9, but increased with decreasing pH. This suggests that CO2 may be the true substrate in this reaction.The oxidation of glycine inhibited the oxidation of both malate, succinate and external NADH since the addition of malate, succinate or NADH to mitochondria oxidizing glycine in state 3 resulted in a rate of oxygen consumption which was lower than the sum of the rates when the substrates were oxidized individually. The addition of malate, succinate or NADH did not, however, decrease the rate of CO2 or NH, release from glycine. It is suggested that the preferred oxidation of glycine by-spinach leaf mitochondria may constitute an important regulatory mechanism for the function of leaf mitochondria during photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 61 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Essentially chlorophyll-free preparations of mitochondria from different tissues of the same plant can be obtained by a combined three step preparation procedure involving differential centrifugation, partition in aqueous polymeric two-phase system and centrifugation in a Percoll gradient. The polypeptide patterns of mitochondria from photosynthetic (leaves) and non-photosynthetic (petioles and roots) tissue from spinach were compared by use of SDS-electrophoresis.About 35 polypeptides were found in leaf mitochondria with molecular weights from 14 to 103 kdalton. The polypeptide patterns of the membrane fractions and matrix fractions showed great differences. The membrane fractions contained significantly more polypeptide bands than the matrix fractions. The polypeptide patterns of mitochondria from photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues showed some striking differences. The 15.9, 41.7, 50.7 and 101 kdalton polypeptides were clearly detected in leaf mitochondria but these polypeptides were not found or found in only small amounts in petiole and root mitochondria. The differences were mainly associated with the matrix fractions. Staining with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine and hydrogen peroxide for heme containing polypeptides showed that the polypeptides which differ do not contain heme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 53 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Photorespiratory ammonia metabolism in isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Viking II) mitochondria was measured using a selective ammonia electrode. The mitochondria showed high rates of ammonia production in the presence of glycine. The isolated mitochondria contained less than 0.02% of the glutamine synthetase activity present in the original homogenate and no significant reassimilation of the released ammonia could be observed with added glutamate or α-ketogluterate. Exogenous added glutamine synthetase did reassimilate the released ammonia. In a recombinated system, with a chlorophyll to mitochondrial protein ratio equal to the ratio in vivo, chloroplasts could very effectively reassimilate the ammonia released in the mitochondria during oxidation of glycine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 376 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 10 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four bacterial strains collected from tooth surface, oral buccal mucosa, skin of the upper lip, and rectum were used to evaluate the specificity of salivary agglutinins. A saliva sample was absorbed with each of the strains, and the remaining supernatants were tested for agglutinin activity against all strains. The effect of concanavalin A and pH on the S. mutans and S. mitior agglutinins was studied. The conclusion was drawn that the agglutinins for the S. mutans and S. mitior strains differed but that the S. mitior strain tested carried a receptor site for the S. mutans agglutinin without becoming agglutinated. The S. mutans agglutinin seems to have either unsubstituted mannopyranosyl or N-acetylated glucopyranosyl residues as structural components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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