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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1982), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary This paper presents an analysis of palo podrido (decomposed wood of white colour which is used as animal feed), collected during an expedition to South Chile (islands Chiloe and Talcan). The key fungi, which contributed to the formation of palo podrido were Ganoderma applanatum, and Armillariella sp. The highest rumen digestibility of palo podrido was 77% and the average digestibility was between 30 and 60%. The digestibility of undecomposed wood was maximally 3%. The lowest lignin content was 1%. The highest lignin content of wood, decomposed by a brown rot fungus was 74% and the in vitro digestibility of this sample was 0. Information about palo podrido could possibly open new ways for the conversion of lignocellulosics into feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 167-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cerebellar afferents ; Cerebellar efferents ; Inferior olive ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study the cerebellar afferents in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis have been analysed with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. In addition, data on the efferent connections of the cerebellum could be gathered, based on the phenomenon of anterograde transport of HRP. Cerebellar afferents in Xenopus laevis appear to arise mainly in the vestibular nuclear complex, in a primordial inferior olive and in the spinal cord. Both primary (arising in the ipsilateral vestibular ganglion) and secondary vestibulocerebellar projections were found. A distinct crossed olivocerebellar projection to the molecular layer of the cerebellum was found. Two spinocerebellar pathways are present in Xenopus laevis, as in other anurans, viz. an ipsilateral dorsal spinocerebellar tract, presumably arising in dorsal root ganglion cells, and a larger ventral pathway, bilaterally arising in the spinal gray matter. The latter tract mainly originates in the ventrolateral and ventromedial spinal fields. Furthermore, a secondary trigeminocerebellar projection arising in the descending trigeminal nucleus, a cerebellar projection arising in the dorsal column nucleus, a small projection arising in a possible primordium of the mammalian nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, a raphecerebellar projection, and a small cerebellar projection originating in the ipsilateral mesencephalic tegmentum were demonstrated. Cerebellar efferents in Xenopus laevis are mainly aimed at the vestibular nuclear complex. A distinct ipsilateral cerebellovestibular projection present throughout the vestibular nuclear complex presumably arises in Purkyně cells, a smaller contralateral projection in the cerebellar nucleus. In addition, a small primordial brachium conjunctivum, projecting to the red nucleus, was noted. The basic pattern of cerebellar connections as suggested for terrestrial vertebrates (ten Donkelaar and Bangma 1984) is also found in the permanently aquatic anuran Xenopus laevis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A study of the ant population in a sector of the Sierra Morena (South Spain) has been made. The objective of this work is to study the influence that a biotic factor (vegetation) and an abiotic one (exposure) may have on the distribution of these species. In order to carry out these experiments a stratified sampling in the main existing combinations between the vegetation units and their exposure was made. The analysis of the correspondances has made it possible to distinguish the indicative species of the main kinds of vegetation of the studied area (pasture, pine plantation and zone exposed to flooding). Through the analysis of the data, when the samples of the zone exposed to flooding are excluded, it is possible to distinguish the indicative species of areas where the bushwood or the pasture are dominant, as well as the ones indicative of areas with different exposure. It is not possible to distinguish indicative species of the previously established sectors in the repopulated zone. This could be interpreted as a consequence of the homogeneization due to human management.
    Abstract: Resumen Se ha realizado un estudio de las poblaciones de hormigas de un sector de Sierra Morena central (Sur de España). El trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la influencia que un factor de tipo abiótico (exposición) y otro biótico (vegetacion) tienen sobre la distribución de estas especies. Para ello se ha realizado un muestreo estratificado en las principales combinaciones existentes entre las unidades de vegetación presentes en la zona de estutio y su exposición. El análisis de correspondencias ha permitido, en primer lugar, separar las especies indicadoras de los principales tipos de vegetación de la zona (pastizal, repoblación de pinos y zona inundable del río). En el análisis efectuado, cuando se suprimen los inventarios de la zona inundable, se pueden distinguir las especies indicadoras de zonas donde predomina el matorral, ó el pasto herbáceo, así como las que son indicadoras de zonas con exposición a solana ó umbría. Dentro de la zona repoblada no es posible distinguir especies indicadoras de los sectores previamente establecidos, lo que puede interpretarse como una consecuencia de la homogeneización debida al manejo humano.
    Notes: Resume Le but de ce travail est d'étudier l'influence d'un facteur biotique (la végétation) et d'un facteur abiotique (l'exposition) sur la distribution des espèces de fourmis dans une zone de la Sierra Morena Centrale (Sud de l'Espagne). Pour cela, on a réalisé des échantillonnages stratifiés dans chaque unité de végétation, en soulane et en ombrée. L'analyse des correspondances a permis d'abord de séparer les espèces trouvées dans les principaux types de végétation de la zone d'étude (pâturage, reboisement de pins et zone inondée le long d'une rivière). Quand on supprime les relevés des endroits inondables, on peut distinguer les espèces indicatrices des zone où prédominent soit le maquis («matorral») soit le pâturage («dehesa»), ainis que celles des zones exposées en soulane ou en ombrée. Dans la zone reboisée, il est impossible de distinguer des espèces indicatrices des associations végétales caractéristiques du milieu, ce qui peut s'interpréter comme une conséquence de l'homogénéisation due aux pratiques culturales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight insular and continental populations from the south-western range of Drosophila subobscura have been studied with regard to molecular and inversion polymorphisms. Heterogeneity between populations with respect to allele frequencies of 4 gene loci (Amy, Est-8, Est-9 and Pep-1) is the highest known for natural populations of the species. Moreover, the most common allele for these loci is not the same in all populations. Cladograms based on UPGMA clustering of the genetic distances based on allele frequency do not coincide with those constructed with inversion data. The allele-frequency differences between the populations may be due to non-random associations between enzyme alleles and gene arrangements and to founder effects appearing in the insular populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Genetica 61 (1983), S. 3-8 
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence of strong and consistent association of alleles at theHbdh and6Pgdh loci with the A2 and A2+6 gene arrangements of the sex chromosome inD. subobscura is presented. Total association between one rare allele ofG6pdh and the rare sex-ratio arrangement A2+3+5+7 has also been found. Selective or historical factors could explain these linkage disequilibria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation at 59 gene loci coding for enzymes (50) and larval proteins (9) has been studied in sympatric populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans from insular and continental origin. The average number of alleles per locus, the mean proportion of polymorphic loci and the mean heterozygosity are similar both within and between species. There are however some significant differences between D. simulans populations in the genotypic frequencies for four polymorphic loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1409-1417 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The emulsion polymerization of styrene initiated by potassium persulfate catalyzed by Ti+3 ions was studied. Two sources of Ti+3 ions were used: the titanium trichloride and titanium sulfate. It was found that the titanium ions used in conjunction with potassium persulfate decrease both the reaction rate and the average molecular weight. An even greater drop of reaction rate was noted when chlorine anions (TiCl3) were present. The presence of these ions had a stabilizing effect on the polydispersity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 1 (1983), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Blood ; forskolin ; protein phosphorylation ; platelets ; release reaction ; secretion ; cAMP ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of diterpene forskolin on the human platelet release reaction and on platelet protein phosphorylation were studied. This drug is shown to have the same effects as other agents which increase cAMP levels, namely, it inhibits the secretory response to diverse agonists and causes changes in the phosphorylation of several specific proteins. An increase of the 32P content is seen in the MW 47 000, 24 000 and 21 000 polypeptides while a decrease is observed in the MW 41 000 and 27 000 and 20 000 species. Forskolin also inhibits the changes in protein phosphorylation pattern induced by the powerful platelet secretagogue, thrombin. Our results relate the effects of antagonists of platelet secretion such as prostaglandins more closely to changes in cAMP levels and in protein phosphorylation than to other possible effects of the receptor-ligand interaction, which is by-passed by the use of forskolin. Our results also provide additional evidence involving these changes in the mechanisms which regulate the secretory process in platelets.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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