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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 42 (1981), S. 219-230 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low temperature magnetostriction and magnetization measurements are reported for the series of RE x Y1−x Pd3 alloys and for some REPd3 compounds. The magnetostriction per Rare Earth ion is nearly independent of concentration and conserves volume at low fields. In both the alloys and compounds with the heavy Rare Earths and with Nd the magnetostriction tends to saturate at high fields together with the magnetization. The saturated quadrupolar magnetostriction as extracted from these data via the Callen projection, is of order a few times 10−3 per Rare Earth ion. Sign and magnitude of this quadrupole do not correlate with the Stevens factor. The results are discussed in terms of aspherical screening of the nuclear charge from the outer valence electrons by the intervening 4f charge distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 19 (1984), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Random samples of elderly female residents and of care staff in long-term care institutions of three cities have been compared. The differences in the prevalence of psychiatric illness and disability among the residents are discussed in terms of the differences in the systems of residential care that have been developed in the three cities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 18 (1983), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since 1969, a comprehensive community mental health service has been gradually set up in Mannheim, Federal Republic of Germany. The implementation of a dense network of complementary services for the treatment of schizophrenic patients changes the functions of psychiatric hospitals. The main burden of care for chronic patients shifts from the hospital to the complementary services in the community, while the psychiatric hospital is prepared to provide crisis intervention and emergency care. The intensive utilization of aftercare facilities appears to have led to a distinct decrease in long-term hospital stay as well as to an increase in the probability of remaining outside the hospital and not being readmitted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 232 (1982), S. 71-95 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Mental health services research ; Community mental health service ; Case register ; Evaluation of mental health care systems ; Changes in psychiatric morbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Evaluation der Implementationsphase eines gemeindepsychiatrischen Dienstes in der ca. 315000 Einwohner zählenden Stadt Mannheim (BRD) durch das Kumulative Psychiatrische Fallregister am Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit. Innerhalb von vier Jahren des Ausbaus von Krisen- und Notfallversorgung, Nachsorgeeinrichtungen (beschützte Wohnungen, Heime, Werkstätten) und des Angebots psychiatrischer Betten innerhalb der Stadt, stieg die Gesamtzahl der Behandlungsepisoden um mehr als 100% von ca 1,1 auf 1000 auf ca. 2,2 auf 1000 Einwohner über 14 Jahre, und zwar vorwiegend im ambulanten Sektor. Der Zuwachs an Krankenhausaufnahmen betrug ca. 40%, während die Rate belegter Betten bei ca. 1,7 pro 1000 — beziehungsweise 1,3 pro 1000 ohne Betten im psychogeriatrischen Krankenhaus — stabil blieb. Diese Entwicklung ließ sich auf mehrere Faktoren zurückführen: 1. ein echter Anstieg der Krankeitshäufigkeit, vor allem bei schweren Krisen in den Diagnosegruppen ICD Nr. 300, 301, 305-308, insbesondere bei Suizidversuchen sowie bei alkohol- und medikamentenbedingten Erkrankungen. 2. Das verstärkte Angebot an Hilfe, besonders auf dem Sektor der Krisenintervention und der Notfallversorgung, in diagnostischen Kategorien betrachtet, vorwiegend bei leichteren Neurosen, Krisen und affektiven Psychosen, hat ein erhebliches Wachstum der Inanspruchnahme ausgelöst. 3. Der kontinuierliche Ausbau langfristiger Krankenhausaufenthalte, vor allem bei Schizophrenen, führte zu einer verstärkten Inanspruchnahme ambulanter und stationärer Dienste in der Gemeinde bei Rückfällen und Krisen. Ein Kohortenvergleich von alten und von neuen unter den Bedingungen eines gemeindepsychiatrischen Dienstes zuwachsenden chronischen Fällen ließ erkennen, daß langfristige Hospitalisierung wesentlich seltener und wesentlich später, meist nach mehreren Rehabilitationsversuchen erfolgt. In der Gruppe der Schizophrenen wurden 1979/80 in Mannheim nur ca. 5% der Erstaufnahmen länger als 1 Jahr im psychiatrischen Krankenhaus hospitalisiert (Klug et al. 1981). Um 1900 waren es noch zwischen 60 und 70%. Der Vergleich mit methodisch ähnlich angelegten Evaluationsstudien über gemeindepsychiatrische Dienste im Ausland zeigt weitgehend identische Trends, wobei in Mannheim mit einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Rate psychiatrischer Betten auszukommen vermochte.
    Notes: Summary The implementation of a community mental health service in Mannheim (FRG), a city with 315,000 inhabitants, is being evaluated by means of the data of the Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register at the Central Institute of Mental Health. Within a four-year period of extending services for crisis intervention and emergency care, aftercare (sheltered apartments, homes, workshops) and of providing psychiatric beds in the city, the total number of treatment episodes has increased by more than 100% from about 1.1 to about 2.2 per 1000 inhabitants aged over 14, mainly at the out-patient level of care. Admissions to hospital showed an increase of about 40% whereas bed occupancy remained stable at a rate of about 1.7/1000-respectively 1.3/1000 if beds provided by a psychogeriatric nursing home are deducted. This development can be attributed to various factors: (1) A true increase of morbidity may occur mainly in diagnostic groups I.C.D. No. 300, 301, 305–308, especially an increase in attempted suicides and in alcohol- and drug-related diseases. (2) The increased provision of help, mainly on the sector of crisis intervention and emergency care and — in diagnostic categories — mainly in minor neurotic disorders, crises, and affective psychoses, has resulted in a large rise in utilization. (3) The continuous decrease of long-term hospital stays, above all in schizophrenic patients, has led to an increased utilization of out- and in-patient services in the community when crises and relapses occurred. A comparison of two cohorts of „old“ and „new“ patients, the latter having accumulated under the conditions of a community mental health service, has shown that these patients are admitted for a long-term hospital stay considerably later and less frequently than formerly, mostly only after several attempts for rehabilitation. In the group of schizophrenic patients, only about 5% of all first admissions stayed in a psychiatric hospital for more than one year in 1979/80. About the year 1900, this group had still amounted to between 60% and 70%. A comparison with evaluations of comprehensive community care systems in other countries shows that there are largely identical trends, although the initial rate for psychiatric beds was comparably lower in Mannheim.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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