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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the circulating and splenic lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with non-hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease using monoclonal antibodies (1983)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 47 (1983), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Lymphocyte subsets ; Non-Hodgkin lymphomas ; Hodgkin's disease ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The number of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and their helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor and NK/K subpopulations was measured in peripheral blood and spleen cell suspensions from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the active stage of the disease and in remission status, as well as in Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in active stage of the disease. B lymphocytes were determined by direct immunofluorescence and T lymphocytes with the E rosette technique. Helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor, and NK/K T lymphocytes were determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT8 and Leu7 (HNK1). In the same way, Lyt3 was used for determination of the total T lymphocytes. Whereas in peripheral blood of the NHL group an increase of B lymphocytes and a slight reduction of T lymphocytes could be observed, with normal distribution of the subpopulations, in patients with active HD as well as in those in remission, a marked absolute and relative decrease of T helper/inducer cells was found with normal cytotoxic/suppressor and NK/K proportion. In contrast to this, a significant increase of helper/inducer T lymphocytes with decreased cytotoxic/suppressor T proportion was found in spleen cell suspensions of patients with HD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjuvant specific immunotherapy in maintenance treatment of adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1189-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acute Leukemia ; Maintenance Therapy ; Specific Immunotherapy ; Akute Leukämie ; Erhaltungstherapie ; Spezifische Immuntherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 1976 bis 1978 wurden 136 erwachsene Patienten mit akuter Leukämie in vier Berliner Kliniken zytostatisch behandelt. Bei 47 Patienten (35%) konnte eine komplette Remission erzielt werden. Sechsundzwanzig Patienten mit kompletter Remission und einer akuten nicht-lymphatischen Leukämie, bei denen eine Induktionstherapie mit Daunorubidomycin (45 mg/m2/Tag, Tag 1, 2 und 3) und Cytosin-Arabinosid (100 mg/m2/Tag, Dauerinfusion, Tag 1 bis Tag 7) durchgeführt wurde, wurden in einer randomisierten Studie weiter behandelt. Dreizehn Patienten erhielten in vierwochigen Intervallen eine kombinierte Chemotherapie, die andere Gruppe erhielt zusätzlich eine spezifische Immuntherapie, die in der Injektion Neuraminidase-behandelter allogenetischer Blasten bestand. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß durch die zusätzliche Immuntherapie in der von uns durchgeführten Form keine Verlängerung der ersten Remission oder der Überlebenszeit erreicht werden konnte.
    Notes: Summary From 1976 until 1978, 136 adult patients with acute leukemia were treated in four hospitals in Berlin. A complete remission was achieved in 47 patients (35%). Twenty-six patients with non-lymphocytic acute leukemia, who had achieved a complete remission with induction chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin (45 mg/m2/day, day 1, 2 and 3) and cytosine-arabinoside (100 mg/m2/day, continuous infusion, day 1 to day 7) were entered into a randomized trial. Thirteen patients were treated with an intermittent combination chemotherapy at 4-week intervals; the other group of patients received in addition a specific immunotherapy consisting of neuraminidase-modified allogeneic blast cells. The results revealed that the addition of this kind of immunotherapy did not increase the duration of first remission or survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721213
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of T-cell neoplasias as defined by monoclonal antibodies (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 807-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: T-cell neoplasias ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surface marker studies were carried out on neoplastic cell samples (peripheral aspirates and skin biopsies) of 302 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (221 patients) and acute lymphatic leukaemias (81 patients). In 11 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (5%) and eight patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia (10%), the neoplastic cells possessed phenotypic characteristics of T cells. The investigations were carried out by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (OKT 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10; OKM 1; HNK 1 and VIL A 1). In addition, conventional markers (SIg, E-R 4°, E-R 37°, absorbed polyclonal rabbit antithymus and anti-TDT) were used. Our results, which show a pronounced phenotypic surface marker heterogeneity between the group of T-cell neoplasias, emphasize the diagnostic value of monoclonal antisera as compared to polyclonal reagents. Eleven different surface marker profiles were observed in the 19 patients investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01496725
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    B-cell function in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1303-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; B1, B2 and T lymphocytes ; Reverse hemolytic plaque assay ; Immunoglobulin-secreting cells ; Chronisch lymphatische Leukämic ; B1, B2 und T Lymphocyten ; Indirekter Plaque Assay ; Immunglobulinsezernierende Zellen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels eines indirekten Protein A Plaque Assays wurden im peripheren Blut von 22 Patienten mit B1-CLL, einem Patienten mit B2-CLL und einem Patienten mit einer Suppressor-T-CLL die Lymphocyten bestimmt, die spontan bzw. nach Stimulation mit Pokeweed Mitogen Immunglobuline synthetisieren. Die Diagnosen wurden mit Hilfe der Cytologie und der Histologie sowie anhand von Markeruntersuchungen gestellt. Lymphocyten von Patienten mit B1- und B2-CLL waren weder spontan noch nach Pokeweed Mitogen-Stimulation in der Lage, Immunglobuline zu sezernieren. Im Falle der T-CLL war die Spontansekretion höchstwahrscheinlich durch die OKT 8 positive Leukämiepopulation supprimiert, da nach Kultivierung mit Pokeweed Mitogen eine normale Immunglobulin-Sekretion — verbunden mit einer Abnahme der OKT 8 positiven Zellen — festzustellen war. Ko-kulturexperimente mit frisch isolierten, ungetrennten Lymphocyten von Normalpersonen und Lymphocyten von Patienten waren nicht aussagekräftig, da isolierte normale B-Zellen allein schon eine sehr hohe Immunglobulinsekretionsrate aufwiesen. Dagegen erbrachten Ko-kulturexperimente mit Subpopulationen von B1-CLL Patienten den Beweis für einen wirklichen B-Zelldefekt, während die entsprechenden T-Lymphocyten als normale Helferzellen fungieren konnten.
    Notes: Summary Using a reverse hemolytic protein A plaque assay, spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion was determined in peripheral blood from 22 patients with B1-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), one patient with B2-CLL, and one patient with suppressor T-CLL. Diagnoses were established by cytological and histological criteria as well as several marker analyses. Lymphocytes from B1- and B2-CLL patients were unable to secrete Ig either spontaneously or after PWM stimulation. In T-CLL lymphocytes, spontaneous Ig secretion was suppressed very probably by the OKT-8-positive leukemic population, since, after cultivation with PWM, a normal Ig secretion could be demonstrated which was paralleled by a decrease in the OKT-8-positive cells. Cocultivation experiments with freshly isolated, unseparated lymphocytes from normal subjects and lymphocytes from patients were of no informational value, since isolated normal B-cells alone already showed a high rate of Ig secretion. However, coculture experiments with separated subpopulations after PWM stimulation revealed an intrinsic B-cell defect in lymphocytes from B1-CLL patients, whereas their T-lymphocytes were found to be normal helper cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727487
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PWM-induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in patients with multiple myeloma (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1101-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; B-cell activation ; Reverse hemolytic plaque assay ; Immunoglobulinsecreting cells ; Multiples Myelom ; B-Zellaktivierung ; Indirekter Plaque Assay ; Immunglobulinsezernierende Zellen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die durch Pokeweed Mitogen induzierte Transformation von B Lymphozyten in Immunglobulin-sezernierende Zellen wurde bei 25 Patienten mit multiplem Myelom in einem indirekten Plaque Assay untersucht. Fünfzehn Patienten zeigten ein normales Verhalten bezüglich der Zahl der Immunglobulin-sezernierenden Zellen, während 10 Patienten eine erniedrigte B Zell Reaktivität aufwiesen, die nicht auf eine bei 15 Patienten angewandte Melphalan/Steroid Therapie bezogen werden konnte. Experimente mit Lymphozyten-Subpopulationen zeigten, daß die bei einigen Patienten fehlende Transformationsfähigkeit immer allein auf einem Defekt der B Zell-Population beruhte. In Ko-Kulturexperimenten mit Lymphozyten von Normalpersonen und von Patienten mit multiplem Myelom konnte in einem Fall eine zellvermittelte Suppression festgestellt werden, während humorale supprimierende Faktoren im Serum von Patienten mit der angewandten Technik des indirekten Plaque Assays nicht nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die Patienten ließen sich in 3 Gruppen einteilen: (a) Patienten mit einer normalen B Zellfunktion, (b) Patienten mit einer reversiblen, tumorabhängigen Suppression der B Zellreaktivität und (c) Patienten, bei denen die normale B Zellpopulation durch nicht reaktive Zellen ersetzt war.
    Notes: Summary The pokeweed-mitogen-induced transformation of B-lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells was studied in vitro in 25 patients with multiple myeloma using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Fifteen patients showed a good response in generating immunoglobulin-secreting cells, whereas 10 patients showed a decreased B cell reactivity which was not due to intermittent melphalan/steroid therapy administered to 15 patients. Experiments with lymphocyte subpopulations demonstrated that the inability of some multiple-myeloma patients to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells was always based on a defect in the B-cell subset. Co-culture experiments with lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients revealed a cell-mediated suppression in one case, whereas humoral suppressive factors in the patients' serum could not be observed using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Patients were classified into three groups: (a) patients with a normal B-cell function, (b) patients with a reversible, tumor-dependent suppression of B-cell reactivity and (c) patients in whom the normal B-cell population was replaced by non-reactive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01746197
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma and benign monoclonal gammopathy (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 819-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Benign monoclonal gammopathy ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A panel of monoclonal antibodies that identify various antigens present on T and B cells was used to characterize circulating blood lymphocyte subsets in multiple myeloma [(MM) - 13 patients] and benign monoclonal gammopathy [(BMG) - 5 patients]. In MM and BMG an increase in B cell proportions (BA 1 positive cells) was observed, whereas T cells (Lyt 3 positive cells) were reduced compared to normal controls. However, with respect to the T cell subset distribution, a marked diversity between MM and BMG was noted. This may help to differentiate BMG from MM. In MM a relative decrease in inducer/helper T cells (OKT 4 positive cells) and increase in suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT 8 positive cells) as well as in NK/K T cells (Leu 7 positive cells) was observed. On the other hand, in BMG the relative T cell subset distribution was comparable to those seen in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01496728
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of immunoglobulin secretion in man evaluated by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay (1980)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 41 (1980), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: B-cell activation ; Reverse hemolytic plaque assay ; Polyclonal B-cell activators ; B-Zell-Aktivierung ; Plaque Assay ; polyklonale B-Zell-Aktivatoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The kinetics of Pokeweed mitogen-induced transformation of human B-lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells were examined in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated sheep red blood cells as indicator cells. Peak responses occurred consistently after 6–8 days of incubation. After determination of the optimal experimental conditions the RHPA was found to be a reliable tool to estimate ISC in vitro; the technique was also found to be applicable for experiments surveying the B-cell response of an individual over a period of months. The PWM-induced transformation of B cells was absolutely T-cell-dependent. Other substances known as typical T-cell mitogens were also tested for polyclonal B-cell activation and some of them showed significant responses. Further experiments have shown that co-cultivation of non-HLA identical cells did not increase the number of plaques in unstimulated cultures whereas the addition of PWM leads to the generation of ISC within the expected range. These findings open a wide field of application of the RHPA in experimental and clinical immunology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines Plaque Assays wurde die Kinetik der durch Pokeweed Mitogen induzierten Transformation menschlicher B-Lymphozyten in Immunglobulin-sezernierende Zellen untersucht. Als Indikatorzellen dienten Schafserythrozyten, an die Protein A gekoppelt war. Die maximale Stimulation wurde in allen Experimenten nach einer Kulturdauer von 6–8 Tagen erreicht. Nach Optimierung der Versuchsbedingungen erwies sich dieser Plaque Assay als ausgezeichnete Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Anzahl Ig-sezernierender Zellen vitro; er war außerdem gut geeignet, die B-Zellfunktion eines Individuums über mehrere Monate zu verfolgen. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, daß die durch Pokeweed Mitogen bewirkte B-Zellaktivierung an das Vorhandensein von Helfer-T-Zellen gebunden war. Außerdem konnte mit anderen, typischen T-Zellmitogenen, ebenfalls eine polyklonale B-Zellaktivierung bewirkt werden. — In weiteren Experimenten wurde gezeigt, daß die Ko-Kultivierung von Lymphozyten zweier nicht HLA-identischer Spender nicht zu einer B-Zellaktivierung führt; nach Stimulierung mit Pokeweed Mitogen wurde auch in diesen Kulturen eine Aktivierung gefunden, die dem erwarteten Ausmaß entsprach. Diese Befunde lassen den Schluß zu, daß mit dieser Technik wertvolle Ergebnisse in der experimentellen und klinischen Immunologie gewonnen werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039652
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired B-lymphocyte reactivity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin-lymphomas (1981)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 42 (1981), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Malignant lymphomas ; B-cell activation ; Reverse hemolytic ; plaque assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen was studied in patients with Hodgkin's Disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The experiments revealed that the majority of the patients in both groups had greatly diminished responses of their peripheral B-lymphocytes. Whereas in NHL patients an intrinsic B-cell defect is the most likely explanation for the impaired B-cell reactivity, the situation in HD appears to be more complex. In some patients with an active stage of the disease, suppressor cells were found to cause the unresponsiveness: in other patients, an intrinsic B-cell defect as well as a defect of the T helper cells were responsible for the diminished responses. The results further suggest that the immune defect in patients with HD is reversible and can be corrected by therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996844
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Störungen der B-Zellaktivierung bei splenektomierten Patienten (1984)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 363 (1984), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Polyclonal B-cell activation ; Immunoglobulin-secreting cells ; Traumatic splenectomy ; Reverse hemolytic plaque assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten, die wegen traumatischer Schädigung der Milz splenektomiert worden waren, und bei 25 Normalpersonen wurde in vitro mit Hilfe eines reversen hämolytischen Plaque Tests das humorale Immunsystem untersucht. Das Zeitintervall zwischen Milzexstirpation und immunologischer Untersuchung betrug 2 Tage bis 7 Jahre. Beim Vergleich von Normal-personen und splenektomierten Patienten wiesen letztere eine deutlich erhöhte Rate an spontan-Immunglobulin-sezernierenden Zellen sowie eine stark verminderte Immunantwort nach Stimulation mit dem polyklonalen B-Zellaktivator Pokeweed Mitogen auf. Es bestand eine Tendenz zur Normalisierung dieser Störungen — insbesondere der hohen Rate an spontan-mmunglobulin-sezernierenden Zellen — während eines Zeitraums bis zu 7 Jahren nach Milzexstirpation. Um den Mechanismus, der für diese Störungen der Immunantwort bei Patienten nach Milzexstirpation verantwortlich ist, näher zu charakterisieren, wurden Experimente mit Lymphocytensubpopulationen durchgeführt. Diese erbrachten sowohl den Befund einer gestörten T-Helfer-zellfunktion als auch eines Defektes der B-Zellen selbst. Markeranalysen mit monoklonalen Antikörpern zeigten mit Ausnahme von OKT 4 und B 1, die T-Helfer/Inducer bzw. periphere B-Zellen markieren, normale Verhältnisse. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Untersuchungen scheint der Immundefekt bei splenektomierten Patienten hauptsächlich auf einer Dysfunktion der OKT 4 positiven Subpopulation (Inducer/Helper) zu beruhen.
    Notes: Summary Using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay as the effector system, we studied in vitro B-lymphocyte function in 12 patients after posttraumatic splenectomy as well as in 25 normal individuals. The time interval between the splenectomy and the immunological studies varied between 2 days and 7 years. Compared to normal individuals, the splenectomized patients had markedly elevated numbers of spontaneous immunoglobulin-secreting cells and severely decreased responses to the polyclonal activator pokeweed mitogen, indicating an in vivo polyclonal B-cell activation. A tendency towards normalization of these abnormalities, especially the high spontaneous ISC levels, could be observed during the time interval extending up to 7 years after splenectomy. In order to characterize the mechanism responsible for the altered immune response in splenectomized patients, in vitro experiments were performed with separated lymphocytes. These revealed an impaired T-helper cell capacity as well as an intrinsic B-cell defect. Marker analyses with monoclonal antibodies revealed normal proportions with the exception of OKT 4 positive and B 1 positive cells that identify T-helper/inducer and peripheral B-cells, respectively. We conclude that immune dysfunction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of splenectomized patients involves mainly the OKT 4 positive cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01261058
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