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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheooptical investigation of the transition behavior of polyphosphazenes (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 17 (1984), S. 1795-1799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00139a029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal control of antagonistic muscles (1983)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, a model for a pair of antogonistic muscles has been studied (Oğuztöreli and Stein, 1982). In the present paper we formulate and investigate the minimization of the costs associated with the time to complete the movement, the oscillation about the end-point, the energy costs to the muscles to complete the movement, the cost to the nervous system to supply the inputs, and the cost of reliability in the face of perturbing forces. To solve these optimization problems the maximum principle of Pontryagin is employed. In all of these optimization problems, except the energy optimal problem, the optimal controls (active states or nervous inputs) are of the bang-bang type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344392
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow changes and wiener analysis of nonlinear summation in contractions of cat muscles (1982)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 42 (1982), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract With regular trains of stimuli at a high frequency, the contribution of each stimulus to the force generated over time declines from the second to about the tenth stimulus, but then begins to increase again. This late increase is referred to as tetanic potentiation in analogy with the post-tetanic potentiation of the twitch after such a period of stimulation. With regular trains of stimuli at a low frequency, a progressive decrease in the essentially unfused twitches (negative staircase) is observed in the slow soleus muscle of the cat, while a progressive increase (positive staircase) is observed for the fast plantaris muscle. The time constant for the approximately exponential changes observed is on the order of 10 s. Random trains of stimuli were applied at intermediate frequencies and analyzed in terms of general methods of analysis for nonlinear systems. Systematic decreases in the magnitude and increases in the time course of the average tension per stimulus were observed with increasing mean rates of stimulation. Similar changes were observed for short intervals between stimuli within a given random train at a constant mean rate. These changes can be described in terms of an early depression and a later facilitation described in the previous papers in this series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340074
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a model for antagonistic muscles (1982)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 45 (1982), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present work a linear model for a pair of antogonistic muscles is analysed. Each constituent muscle in this model is identical to ones considered previously (Stein and Oğuztöreli, 1976). Analytical properties of the antagonistic muscles and dynamics of the system are described and some numerical results are discussed. The natural modes of the system are determined by a fourth order polynomial, which most commonly has one pair of conjugate complex roots and two negative real roots. The filtering of neural inputs through the active state properties of the muscle increases the order of the system to fifth order for these inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336190
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  • 5
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    Management's Involvement in the Strategic Utilization of the Human Resource (1983)
    Saranac Lake, N.Y., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Management Review. 72:10 (1983:Oct.) 13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1895
    Topics: Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:7504-1983-072-10-000002
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of diffuse-boundary thicknesses of polymers by small-angle X-ray scattering (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 34-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Thermal density fluctuations within phases and finite interphase widths lead to systematic deviations from Porod's law. The validity of present methods used to analyze these deviations and determine diffuse-boundary widths is determined. In view of the inadequacies found in these methods, a simple yet accurate method is proposed to determine the diffuse-boundary width from direct graphical analysis of slit-smeared intensity data. The diffuse interface is modelled by a sigmoidal-gradient model which is justified on thermodynamic grounds, with the interphase thickness as a function of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889880011478
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of γ-motoneurons in mammalian reflex systems (1981)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 39 (1981), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A γ-motoneuron pathway to intrafusal muscle has been added to a previously studied model of the neuromuscular system and its reflex pathways. A general differential-difference equation is derived for the system which can be solved analytically and numerically. The homogeneous part of the solution determinas the stability of the feedback pathway which to a first approximation is unchanged from the previous model. However, the additional filtering in the γ-pathway reduces the tendency for oscillations to central inputs, which is illustrated for the particular solutions to sinusoidal and impulse inputs. Thus, the gamma pathway offers the advantage of stability at the expense of increased sluggishness of response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342770
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between components of polymer blends by scattering (1983)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 9 (1983), S. 563-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Flory interaction coefficient χAB of binary polymer blends of high concentration may be determined from the study of light, x-ray, or neutron scattering at q=0. Neutron scattering measurements are particularly effective for these measurements since scattering intensity may be enhanced through deuteration of one component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307879
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifizierung und Trennung flüchtiger Stoffe durch Cosublimation und Codestillation im CADY-Rohr (1983)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 315 (1983), S. 618-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das erstmals von Cady u. Siegwarth [1] beschriebene Verfahren zur Trennung und Identifizierung empfindlicher flüchtiger Substanzen durch „Codestillation“ konnte durch die Konstruktion einer mittels eines Temperaturprogrammes gesteuerten Apparatur und durch Verwendung einer Gow-Mac-Gasdichtewaage als Detektor zu einer reproduzierbar arbeitenden Methode entwickelt werden. Mittels der im Detail beschriebenen Anlage lassen sich nicht nur Dampfdrücke und die sich hieraus ergebenden thermodynamischen Daten, sondern auch Stoffmengen und molare Massen bestimmen. Überdies können Informationen über das ideale oder nicht ideale Verhalten tief siedender Flüssigkeiten (Azeotropbildung) und die Bildung von Molekülassoziaten erhalten werden.
    Notes: Summary A method for the separation and identification of small amounts of volatile substances by a carrier-gas volatilization technique, previously reported by Cady and Siegwarth [1], has been improved by the development of an apparatus which permits to conduct the volatilization with high reproducibility and at constant temperatures. The composition of the evaporating gas mixtures is recorded by a Gow-Mac gas density balance. The new technique allows the evaluation of vapour pressures, thermodynamic data of vaporization, molar masses, the separation of subliming and distilling mixtures, and gives information on the ideal or non-ideal behaviour of low boiling mixtures (formation of azeotropes). Finally, molecular complexes can be recognized and characterized thermodynamically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00487510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyterephthalates of 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4: Effect of aliphatic substituents on Tg and Tm of the polyesters (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1051-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(2,3-dialkylbutanediol-1,4 terephthalates) with the alkyl substituents CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, iso-C3H7, n-C4H9, and n-C10H21, andn-C16H33 were synthesized from the corresponding 2,3-dialkylbutanediols-1,4 and dimethyl terephthalate or terephthaloyl chloride. The substituents of the butanediol-1,4 portion of the polyterephthalates influence the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the carbon atoms near the branching site, the glass transition (Tg), and the crystallizability. Small alkyl substituents do not change the Tg of the polymers, whereas bulky substituents such as the isopropyl group increase the Tg and long normal alkyl groups as substituents decrease the Tg of the polymers. Crystallinity in these polyterephthalates was found only with CH3 and C16H33 as the 2,3-dialkyl substituents in the butanediol-1,4 portion of the polyester. This crystallinity of polyterephthalate of 2,3-di-C16H33 substituted butanediol-1,4 could be assigned to side-chain crystallization of the paraffinic groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200414
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