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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheooptical investigation of the transition behavior of polyphosphazenes (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 17 (1984), S. 1795-1799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00139a029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular immune response in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson to Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen monitored by the passive haemolytic plaque assay test (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 2 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The specificity and kinetics of the immune response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to single injections of an O-antigen extracted from the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, which causes enteric redmouth in fish, were investigated by the passive haemolytic plaque assay and serum antibody quantitation. Doses ranging from 5 ng to 500 mg in 10-fold increments were injected intraperitoneally into groups of trout held at 17 × 1°5°C. The occurrence of plaque forming cells (PFC) and humoral antibody was followed for 35 days after injection. Trout gave an immune response to doses of 500 ng and above. Seven days after injection no humoral antibody was detected, but PFC were found in the spleen. The maximum PFC numbers occurred 11 days after injection. On day 21, few PFC were found, whereas serum antibody titres were highest. The antibody from immunized trout showed little or no cross-reactions with sheep red blood cells passively labelled With antigens from other fish pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1979.tb00156.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A lymphosarcoma of thymic origin in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A rainbow trout with a malignant lymphoma of probable thymic origin showed direct spread of the tumour to the gills, metastases to the liver and head kidney, and the presence of abnormal circulating lymphocytes. The cells of the tumour possessed plasma membrane immunoglobulin detectable by immuno–fluorescence. Examination of the tumour cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed no evidence of virus associated with the cells. Infectious viruses could not be detected in the tumour tissue, and the tumour was not transmissible by injection of live tumour cells into young rainbow trout. Attempts to establish the tumour in long–term culture were unsuccessful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1984.tb00908.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonspecific immune response in fish fed glucan diets prior to induced transportation stress (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present research studied the effects of feeding diets containing different doses of glucan on stress prevention in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Different concentrations of glucan (0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0%) were administered to the fish over a 4-week period, then the fish were stressed by being transported for 2h. The effect of stress on the efficiency of the immune response was studied by measuring alterations of the following parameters: number and composition of the leucocyte population, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity. At the end of the treatment, glucan-fed trout had increased levels of phagocytosis and oxidative radical production, but the data could not be correlated with the different dietary concentrations of glucan. Respiratory burst and phagocytosis appeared significantly reduced in stressed groups. The reduction was more evident in the control group, but no differences were detected between groups fed different diets. Transportation stress increased phagocytosis activity, but for control fish and fish fed 1.0% glucan it did not reach the levels observed before stress. Feeding glucan apparently induced a slight degeneration of the epithelial cells in the stomach and gut mucosae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1998.tb00642.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunostimulation of antibody-producing cells and humoral antibody to fish bacterins by a biological response modifier (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Numbers of splenic antibody-producing cells and humoral antibody titres were elevated during immunization regimes in rainbow trout when the bacterins Yersinia ruckeri or Aeromonas salmonicida O-antigen preparations were mixed with the immunostimulator FK-565. Fish sampled 14 days after injection showed a marked increase in the immune response when doses of 5, 10 or 100 μg of antigen were used. The immunostimulator may aid initial antigen uptake and processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05298.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of antibody-producing cells in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson; by flush exposure (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Splenic antibody-producing cells were produced by rainbow trout that had been exposed to O-antigens extracted from Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas salmonicida by adding the concentrated antigen preparation directly into the water of the tank holding the fish for a flush exposure. This method was compared with the proven techniques of exposure: intraperitoneal injection or a 2 minute immersion of the fish in the antigen preparation. Dosage experiments showed that the production of antibody-producing cells was induced by the immersion of trout for 2 minutes in water with 5.0 μg/ml-1 (or more) with the Y. ruckeri O-antigen, or 500 μg ml-1 (or more) of the A. salmonicida O-antigen. Similar differences were evident when the respective antigens were added directly to the water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03611.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic examination of antigen uptake by salmonid gill cells after bath immunization with a bacterin (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were given 2-min bath immunization with Yersinia ruckeri O-antigen bacterins at doses of 10, 100, and 1000 μg ml−1. The uptake of the antigen was followed by light and electron microscopy of samples taken immediately and periodically after immunization, and the immune response monitored by the passive haemolytic plaque assay. The particulate antigen was observed in the gill mucus, adhering to and within the pavement cells covering the gill filaments, and in mononuclear phagocytes below the epidermal gill cells. There was a direct doseresponse correlation in the observed immune response according to the numbers of splenic antibody-producing cells 14 days after immunization. The cells involved in the recognition and uptake of a bacterin are initial important steps in the immune response, and these studies may aid in the immunopotentiation of fish vaccines and bacterins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05315.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature comparisons for antibody production in vitro by plaque-forming cells from trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson), and mice (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 27 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Anterior kidney and splenic cells were taken from rainbow trout and splenic cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a T-dependent (sheep red blood cells) or T-independent (DNP-Ficoll) antigen. The cells were incubated at different temperatures in Jerne plaque assays (direct or passive haemolytic plaque assays). The optimum numbers of in vitro plaque-forming cells (PFC) after incubation with homologous complement were directly correlated with normal body temperatures of the respective species. The optimum incubation temperature was 37°C for mouse cells and 10°C for fish cells. Incubation of mouse cells at lower temperatures of 30, 20, 10, 4 or 0°C appeared to yield a direct line reduction in numbers of PFC. Trout cells developed significantly fewer PFC at 4 and 20°C and none at 30°C or above; however, significant numbers still appeared at 0°C. More PFC per million white blood cells were obtained from the anterior kidney; however, related to temperatures, no differences in development of numbers of PFC could be seen between the spleen and anterior kidney cells of trout. When the incubation time was lengthened for both trout and mouse cells held at low temperatures, the numbers of PFC approached those of the cells incubated at the optimum temperatures for 10 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04027.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of metallic surface oxides via an electrochemically-generated redox species (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 947-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new method is described for removing oxides from metallic surfaces via electroless reduction by the reducing member of a redox couple that is electrochemically regenerated in a closed loop. On tin-lead coatings, which are widely used to enhance the solderability retention of electronic components and circuit boards, naturally-formed oxides are reduced to the metallic state within ten seconds by either vanadous or chromous ions in acidic sulfate solution. Wetting balance data for wire specimens show thet this reduction treatment is an effective means of restoring and ensuring solderability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241589
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solderability assessment via sequential electrochemical reduction analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 18-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A recently-developed sequential electrochemical reduction analysis method permits nondestructive assessment of solderability loss associated with surface oxides on metals and can be applied to almost any part geometry, including printed wiring board through-holes and surface pads. Preliminary results indicate that metal sulphides can also be detected, at least in some cases. The type and amount of oxides detected for tin coatings are shown to correlate with solderability determined by the wetting balance method. The data indicate that formation of excessive amounts of Sn02 in the surface oxide is a primary cause of Sn solderability degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243325
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