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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of post synaptic potentials evoked in spiny neostriatal projection neurons by thalamic stimulation in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamostriatal pathway ; Neostriatum ; Basal ganglia ; Neostriatal spiny neuron ; Thalamostriatal EPSPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of thalamic intralaminar nuclei or structures along the intrathalamic trajectory of thalamostriatal axons evoked complex EPSPs and subsequent hyperpolarizations in rat neostriatal spiny neurons identified by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase and/or antidromic activation from substantia nigra. In intact urethane-anesthetized rats, the initial EPSP portion of the response consisted of several components and lasted up to 75 ms. Short (1–10 ms) latency components exhibiting latency variations suggestive of a polysynaptic origin were often observed, and sometimes were the earliest components of the response. However, individual components of the excitatory response could not be clearly distinguished in most neurons and the earliest excitatory component usually appeared to be monosynaptic. After large acute aspiration lesions of ipsilateral cerebral cortex, the early polysynaptic EPSP components of thalamic-evoked EPSPs were absent or greatly attenuated. This suggested that most or all of the short latency polysynaptic EPSP components arose via a thalamo-cortico-striatal route. A short latency (1.6–4.0 ms) monosynaptic EPSP and a second excitatory component with a longer and more variable latency (8–28 ms) remained intact after acute decortication. These were not dependent upon intact corticothalamic or corticostriatal axons, since they were both still present in experiments performed as long as 4 days following ipsilateral hemidecortication. The longer latency excitatory response was shown to be polysynaptic by its latency variation with changes in stimulus intensity and frequency. This component of the response was abolished after acute thalamic hemitransections separating thalamostriatal neurons from their axons. In these experiments, stimulation of thalamostriatal axons rostral to the transection continued to evoke monosynaptic EPSPs in neostriatal spiny neurons. These EPSPs ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 ms in latency, had peak amplitudes up to 11 mV and were 20–37 ms in duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237197
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disfacilitation and long-lasting inhibition of neostriatal neurons in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Long-lasting neostriatal inhibition ; Neostriatal spiny neuron ; Basal ganglia ; Disfacilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked in rat neostriatal spiny projections neurons were followed by a long (100–300 ms) period of membrane hyperpolarization, followed in turn by a late depolarization. Concomitant with these changes in membrane potential were inhibition and subsequent excitation of spontaneous firing and excitatory activity evoked from substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle, but not from cortical stimulating sites. Thalamic-evoked excitatory activity was sometimes sensitive and sometimes insensitive to this inhibition, which has previously been believed to result from intrinsic inhibitory synaptic activity among neostriatal neurons. In intracellular recordings from neostriatal neurons in urethane anesthetized rats this longlasting inhibitory response (1) exhibited alterations with intracellularly applied steady currents comparable to those of the EPSP, (2) failed to respond to intracellular injection of chloride ions, (3) was associated with either a decrease or no detectable change in the input conductance of the neurons, and (4) was abolished after lesions that interrupted polysynaptic pathways to neostriatum through intracortical and intrathalamic synaptic circuits. These findings indicate that the long lasting inhibitory portion of the responses of neostriatal neurons arises from a phasic inhibition of tonically active corticostriatal and thalamostriatal neurons and a concurrent decrease in the excitability of polysynaptic pathways converging on neostriatal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237198
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal tract neurons in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1984), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: PT cells ; Pyramidal tract fibers ; Recurrent IPSPs ; SDPs ; Corticostriatal neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses evoked in neurons of rat sensorimotor cortex upon stimulation of the pyramidal tract and ipsilateral cerebral peduncle were analysed using intracellular recording. Neurons responding antidromically to pyramidal tract stimulation (PT cells) and neurons failing to respond anti-dromically but exhibiting orthodromic responses were both stained by intracellular injection of horse-radish peroxidase (HRP). Layer V pyramidal neurons, including those responding antidromically, exhibited prominent long lasting membrane hyperpolarizations and inhibitions of action potentials following pyramidal tract or cerebral peduncle stimulation. Upon passage of polarizing intracellular current two components were identified within the hyperpolarizing potential. A short duration initial component readily reversed with hyperpolarizing current. Frequently this earlier component over-lapped a period of early excitation consisting of action potentials arising from recurrent EPSPs or large slow depolarizing potentials (SDPs). The second, much longer duration hyperpolarizing component did not reverse with passage of hyperpolarizing current and was often followed by a rebound period of depolarization and action potential generation. Both the excitatory and the inhibitory portions of these responses could be demonstrated in animals with acute thalamic transections severing the ascending lemniscal pathway to cortex. Following intracellular staining with HRP, two types of PT cells were identified by their different intracortical axonal arborizations. Most of the injected neurons had local axonal fields extending widely in layers V and VI, but with few or no collaterals extending radially toward the more superficial layers. A second type of PT cell had axon collaterals limited to a narrow zone around the dendritic field but extending radially as far as layer I. Cells of both types were observed to send axon collaterals into neostriatum. Both types of neurons exhibited morphological and physiological characteristics of slow PT cells, and we could find no cells comparable to the fast conducting PT cells observed in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231144
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of postsynaptic potentials evoked in identified rat neostriatal neurons by stimulation in substantia nigra (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 45 (1982), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Striatal spiny neurons ; Nigro-striatal fibers ; Striatal PSP's corpus striatum ; Substantia nigra stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of striatal neurons to stimulation in substantia nigra were recorded intracellularly in intact rats and after acute or chronic unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex or after combined cortical lesions and unilateral thalamic transections. Spiny striatal efferent neurons were identified by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. In intact animals substantia nigra stimulation evoked a complex response with both excitatory and inhibitory phases. Acute unilateral decortication abolished the inhibitory phase of the response and reduced the amplitude of the initial EPSP. Thus, part of the excitatory phase and most or all of the inhibitory phase of the response result from polysynaptic routes to striatum involving cerebral cortex. The remaining EPSP observed in acute decorticate animals exhibited two components distinguished on the basis of their time courses. The latter of these was abolished by thalamic transections. The earlier component was shown to be a monosynaptic EPSP evoked by axon collaterals of cortical efferent neurons projecting to brainstem and was not observed in animals subjected to chronic decortication. After removal of all of these non-nigral response components a small long latency EPSP could be evoked by nigral stimulation. This EPSP is probably due to activation of dopaminergic nigro-striatal axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235775
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetry and ventral course of the human geniculostriate pathway as determined by hippocampal visual evoked potentials and subsequent visual field defects after temporal lobectomy (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 47 (1982), S. 317-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual projection ; Cortex ; Geniculostriate pathway ; Hippocampus ; Temporal lobe ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-two patients with psychomotor epilepsy were implanted with depth electrodes along the axis of the mesial temporal lobe to identify an operable unilateral epileptic focus. Neuronal and field potentials were recorded in response to diffuse retinal illumination and clear short-latency responses were found in parahippocampal gyrus. These visual afferents in the mesial temporal lobe are assumed to be both from subcortical and cortical visual areas. There was a clear asymmetry in the ventral trajectory of the geniculostriate pathway as evidenced by asymmetric neuronal and field potential responses to brief flashes in right vs. left hippocampal gyrus and confirmed by a corresponding partial visual field deficit following therapeutic anterior temporal lobectomy. These results demonstrate that there is a retinotopic organization of fibers in the human geniculostriate pathway and that this pathway may have considerable variability in the anterior and ventral course these fibers take through the temporal lobe. These findings adequately account for the presence of direct projections from geniculate to hippocampal cortex and for unexpected hemianopsias with standard resections of the temporal lobe when there is a deviant detour of the geniculostriate pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Rapid Method for Determination of Limonin in Citrus Juices by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bitter component, limonin, was quantified in orange and grapefruit juices after preliminary separation on a C-18 cartridge, or by direct injection of the juice onto a C-18 or C-8 high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) column. The lower limit of detection for limonin was about 1 ppm on a 2.1 mm i.d. microbore column and 2 ppm on a 4.6 mm i.d. analytical column. In a few orange juice samples, the preliminary separation step was necessary to eliminate interfering substances prior to HPLC separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb10437.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile Constituents of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Eighteen volatile compounds have been identified in a methylene chloride extract of a distilled fraction from loquat fruit. Individual compounds were identified by comparison of gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectra with those for authentic compounds. Major components phenyl ethyl alcohol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, phenylacetaldehyde and hexen-1-ols, and minor components, ethyl acetate, methyl cinnamate and β-ionone probably contribute to the fruity-floral flavor of the fruit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb05028.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Debittering Citrus Juices with β-Cyclodextrin Polymer (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A β-cyclodextrin polymer was used to remove the bitter substances limonin and naringin from aqueous solution and from filtered orange and grapefruit juices using batch and continuous flow column treatments. Other components such as naringenin 7β-rutinoside, coumarins and flavonoids were removed, but the total soluble solids (°Brix), total acidity and ascorbic acid content of the juice were unchanged. The polymer could be regenerated by extraction with an organic solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb10811.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Salmonella Species Recovery from Nonfat Dry Milk Pre-enriched Under Reduced Rehydration (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recovery of Salmonella species from nonfat dry milk was performed by the method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), in which a 25-g sample is rapidly rehydrated in 225 ml of sterile distilled water. Recovery was improved by swirling pre-enriched samples at an initial 1:2 sample/water ratio and diluting 60 min later to a final 1:9 sample/water ratio before incubation at 35°C. In a second improved method, 25-g samples were gently added to 225-ml volumes of sterile distilled water and allowed to soak undisturbed for 60 min at room temperature before incubation. Direct comparison of the AOAC and soak methods showed that 16 and 62 Salmonella-positive samples, respectively, were detected by each of these methods. Sensitivity of the soak method did not decrease during analysis of four 100-g samples or a single 375-g sample as compared with analysis of fifteen individual 25-g samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb09182.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined treatment with ranitidine and saline antacids prior to obstetric anaesthesia (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ranitidine 150 mg was given to 126 patients requiring elective Caesarean section under general anaesthesia: 43 women had ranitidine alone, 43 had this supplemented by a pre-induction dose of sodium citrate and 40 patients had ranitidine plus sodium bicarbonate. All three sub-groups provided satisfactory gastric pH and volume. Ranitidine 150 mg was given orally every 6 hours to women in labour, Of 221 patients requiring general anaesthesia during labour, 103 women received 30 ml 0.3 M sodium citrate and 118 women, 20 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate 10 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. In the citrate sub-group there was one patient with a gastric pH less than 2.5 (mean pH 6.2, SEM 0.13 range 2.1–8.4). In the bicarbonate sub-group the lowest gastric acidity was 3.8 (mean pH 8.3, SEM 0.11 range 3.8–9.83).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08928.x
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