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  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (1)
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 4 (1989), S. 275-281 
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Four types of anaerobic upflow biofilters: non-packed (NP-AUBF), two-stage (2S-AUBF), multi-stage (MS-AUBF) and fully-packed (FP-AUBF), were tested for their start-up and operational performance characteristics. The volume of each filter was 12.1 dm3 (10 cm I.D.x155 cm in height). Stepwise seeding was conducted and the effect on the reduction of COD and gas production was monitored. When each reactor was loaded with 2 and 4 kg COD/m3-day of synthetic waste simulating alcohol production plant, 2S-, MS-, FP-AUBF had treatment efficiencies of 89–93%, while NP-AUBF showed efficiencies lower than 50%. As a conclusion, 2S- or MS-AUBF can be used as efficiently as FP-AUBF, while the amount of packings in the former is half that in FP-AUBF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 4 (1975), S. 457-469 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Alcohol ; hydrogen bonding ; solution structure ; aqueous ; spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The v2 + v3 combination band of water has been recorded for nine alcohol-water solutions in which the volume fraction of water is less than 2% and for three alcohol-water solutions over the entire range of composition. In dilute solutions it was found that the fraction of “symmetrically” bonded water was, in general, smaller than in aprotic solvent-water systems. The fraction of nonbonded water protons was greater in alcohols of higher molecular weight and was also greater in tertiary alcohols than in primary ones. The 2vOH overtone band was recorded for three alcohols in alcohol-rich solutions. Water appears to break up the polymeric alcohol structure, and there appears to be a slight preference for water-water bonds over water-alcohol bonding. Raman spectra of the alcohol C−O stretching mode indicate that water-alcohol bonding is stronger than alcohol-alcohol bonding. The fraction of free alcohol and water OH groups appears to be smaller in solutions of intermediate composition than in the pure liquids. This increased “structure” of the solutions is consistent with the maxima occurring in the viscosity of alcohol-water solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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