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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 17 (1978), S. 205-207 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 259 (1976), S. 331-333 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our observations suggested that the induction-specific RNA is a heterogeneous, informational RNA which is transferred to and functions in the cytoplasm independently of concomitant rRNA synthesis and transfer5. These observations were based on the use of the inhibitors actinomycin D and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aminophylline ; Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Cell hybridization ; Monooxygenases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird darüber berichtet, inwieweit Säugetierzellen in Kultur für Untersuchungen des oxidativen Metabolismus von Fremdstoffen geeignet sind. Viele Zellstämme enthalten Monooxygenaseaktivität, die sich durch polycyclische Kohlenwasserstoffe auf ein Mehrfaches induzieren läßt. Gegenwärtig lassen sich jedoch Zellkulturen aus folgenden Gründen nur beschränkt zum Studium der Fremdstoffaktivierung einsetzen: 1) Zellen in Kultur enthalten anscheinend Monooxygenaseformen, die von den in der Leber vorherrschenden Formen verschieden sind. Dies spiegelt sich im unterschiedlichen Metabolismus des Benzpyrens wieder. Foetale Hamsterund Mauszellen scheinen vorwiegend Positionen am Benzo-Ring zu oxydieren, während Lebermikrosomen aus diesen Tierspezies in erster Linie den Pyren-Teil des Moleküls oxidativ angreifen. Schon früher war beobachtet worden, daß Monooxygenasen in Zellkulturen mehr denen in extrahepatischen Geweben ähneln. In Anbetracht der Befunde scheinen Zellen in Dauerkultur gegenwärtig ungeeignet zu sein, als Modell für den hepatischen Metabolismus von Fremdstoffen zu dienen, und nur begrenzt brauchbar zu sein zum generellen Screening gefährlicher Substanzen. 2) In vielen Zellstämmen ist die Aktivität der Monooxygenasen so niedrig, daß der Fremdstoffmetabolismus nicht mehr analytisch erfaßt werden kann. Dem läßt sich in einigen spezifischen Zellstämmen durch Zusatz eines Hemmstoffes der Nucleotid-Phosphodiesterase entgegenwirken. Die durch polycyclische Kohlenwasserstoffe hervorgerufene Induktion kann dadurch um das 2-10fache gesteigert werden. Hybridisierung von somatischen Zellen sollte es ermöglichen, Zellen auszulesen, die sich durch ihre spezifische Ausstattung mit Fremdstoff-metabolisierenden Enzymen auszeichnen. Ein erster Schritt in dieser Richtung wurde mit der Hybridisierung von Mauszellen und menschlichen Knochenmarkzellen getan, die zur vorläufigen Zuordnung eines Gens, das für die Expression der Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Hydroxylase erforderlich ist, zum menschlichen Chromosom 2 führte.
    Notes: Abstract The present studies explore some of the limitations and possibilities of using cultured mammalian cells in the analysis of xenobiotic metabolism by microsomal monooxygenases. A large variety of cells in culture contain monooxygenase activity which is inducible severalfold by polycyclic hydrocarbons. Presently the application of cultured cells to studies of drug activation is restricted mainly by two factors: 1) Cells in culture may contain forms of monooxygenases that differ from those predominating in liver. This is suggested by the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in fetal cells in culture and in liver microsomes of mouse and hamster. These cultured cells appear to oxygenate preferably the benzo ring of benzo(a)pyrene whereas microsomes of liver predominantly attack the pyrene side of the molecule. Earlier studies indicated that monooxygenases in cultured cells resemble in many respects those in extrahepatic tissues. The results suggest that at present cells in long term culture are unsuitable as model for the hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics and limited as tool for a general screening of potentially hazardous chemicals. 2) Monooxygenase activity in many established cell lines is too low to be useful in studies of drug metabolism. In some selected cultures this may be overcome by the use of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor which may increase polycyclic hydrocarbon induced monoxygenase activity 2 fold and in some cell lines more than 10 fold. Selection of cells with specific sets of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism may be facilitated by somatic cell hybridization techniques. A beginning has been made with the preliminary assignment of a locus required for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase expression to human chromsome 2 in hybrids of RAG cells, an established mouse line, and normal human bone marrow cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 64 (1977), S. 443-444 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A joint analysis of recent electron scattering cross sections and muonic atom X-ray energies is performed for208Pb and the isotone pair209Bi/208Pb. From the compatibility of the experimental data one can learn about the nuclear polarisation correction. However, we find this information not to be as accurate as other authors claimed when we take into consideration the ambiguities in the treatment of the corrections of the higher levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 30 (1979), S. 470-477 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the plasma of electrical discharges polymer samples are subjected to oxidation causing reactive sites or to degradation. Further, a significant volume (depth) effect in a 5 to 10 μm surface layer was observed which was caused by plasma UV radiation. These photolytical effects result in changes of the polymer structure, as crosslinking, change of crystallinity, radical formation etc. Therefore, the etching patterns reflect the features of secondary structures formed by these processes.
    Notes: Polymere werden im Plasma einer elektrischen Entladung an der Oberfläche funktionalisiert (oxydiert) bzw. abgebaut. Daneben wurde jeweils ein signifikanter, auf eine 5 bis 10 μm starke Schicht an der Oberfläche beschränkter Volumeneffekt („Tiefeneffekt“) beobachtet, der durch die Plasma-UV-Strahlung verursacht wird. Diese photolytischen Erscheinungen führen zu Änderungen im Polymergefüge wie Vernetzung, Veränderung der Kristallinität, Radikalbildung usw. Abbildungen von Polymerätzstrukturen spiegeln deshalb in gewissem Umfang die solchermaßen veränderte Sekundärstruktur wider.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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