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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlorthalidone ; diuretics ; drug plasma concentration ; protein binding ; red blood-cell concentration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method has been employed to determine chlorthalidone in plasma and whole blood after therapeutic doses. Radioactively labelled chlorthalidone was used for in vitro studies of the uptake of chlorthalidone from plasma by red blood cells. Chlorthalidone was markedly concentrated in red cells and as a compartment they would account for at least 30% of total drug in the body after multiple doses. The ratio between the plasma and red cell concentration of chlorthalidone varied between individuals. After a single oral dose of 50 mg in 6 healthy volunteers chlorthalidone was eliminated with a half-life of 51 to 89 hours. The apparent volume of distribution varied between 3 and 13 1/kg and the clearance between 53 and 145 ml/min. The mean steady-state plasma concentrations during treatment with a standard dose of 50 mg daily (n=10) varied 5-fold between individuals. During the steady state approximately 50% of the daily dose was excreted unchanged in the urine during 24 hrs. The plasma levels observed in patients were higher than those predicted from the single oral dose studies in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 359-363 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphenylhydantoin metabolites ; human urine ; gas chromatography ; 4-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A modified gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of unconjugated and conjugated 4-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin (4-OH-DPH) in urine has been developed. Unconjugated 4-OH-DPH is determined after selective extraction with toluene — ether (1:1). For the assay of conjugated 4-OH-DPH, the urine is pre-extracted withisoamylalcohol before acid hydrolysis to avoid interference by the dihydrodiol metabolite of DPH. The sensitivity of the method is 0.1 µg per ml. The method has been used to determine the urinary metabolites in two adult volunteers, during steady state plasma concentrations of DPH and in the elimination phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug hydroxylation ; drug interaction ; drug plasma levels ; nortriptyline ; 10-hydroxynor-triptyline ; perphenazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of nortriptyline and perphenazine were measured in six patients on continuous nortriptyline treatment before, during and after oral administration of perphenazine 4 mg t.i.d. In four patients the plasma levels of the conjugated and unconjugated principal metabolite 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline were also measured. Urinary excretion of conjugated and unconjugated 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline and plasma levels of perphenazine were determined in all six patients. During treatment with perphenazine two patients showed a slight increase in the plasma level of nortriptyline. The changes in metabolite excretion rate were inconclusive. Thus, there did not appear to be any important pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs at the doses used, which were normal therapeutic doses. The previously reported inhibitory effect of perphenazine on the metabolism of nortriptyline probably depended therefore, either on administration of a higher dose of perphenazine, or on treatment in the reverse sequence — a single dose of nortriptyline was given to patients already receiving perphenazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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