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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscular dystrophy ; Becker-type ; Benign X-linked ; Histopathology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle biopsies of two patients originally reported in the Göttingen family by Becker (1962) that formed the basis of separating a benign X-linked muscular dystrophy from the rapidly progressive Duchenne-type X-linked muscular dystrophy, revealed mild pathological changes in the younger patient and more advanced in the older one, consisting of increased spectra of fiber diameters, endomysial fibrosis, angulated fibers, pyknotic nuclear clumps and small groups of atrophic fibers. Essentially, both biopsies showed the same changes, but of different severity, possibly due to the differences in age and muscle biopsy sites. These changes were regarded “myopathic”, but a neurogenic component was suggested. Our observations accord well with those of a larger series (Bradley et al., 1978) where both electromyography and histopathology revealed a mixed “myopathic-neurogenic pattern” in patients with Becker-type dystrophy. Differential diagnostic aspects encompass Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, the other hereditary dystrophies and X-linked proximal spinal muscular atrophies. The precise nature of Becker-type muscular dystrophy requires morphological data on peripheral nerves, spinal roots and spinal cord anterior horn cells as well as sequential biopsy analysis to substantiate the primary site of pathology. However, on the basis of available data, it seems reasonable to suggest that the early changes of degeneration/regeneration which are accompanied by a markedly elevated CPK eventuate in the histopathologic and electromyographic patterns illustrated in these two patients with Beckertype dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Immunoelectrophoresis ; Medulloblastoma ; Posterior fossa tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoelectrophoresis of extracts of 200 intracranial tumours against rabbit anti-glioblastoma serum gave positive results (= precipitation) in all cases of tumours of neuroectodermal origin such as glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, neurinoma, and spongioblastoma. No immunoelectrophoretic precipitation was seen for any of the tumours of mesenchymal origin, for instance meningioma and metastases of cancer. On the basis of these findings, immunoelectrophoresis is considered to be a reliable method for differentiation between tumour tissue of neuroectodermal and non-neuroectodermal origin. Among the 41 posterior fossa tumours some unusual observations were made. Cerebellar angioblastoma (Lindau tumour) showed an atypically located precipitation line, which for the present is interpreted as an immunological reaction to vascular wall tissue. Furthermore, among the group of so-called medulloblastomas, two subgroups were distinguished on the basis of three parameters. The first of these subgroups comprises tumours whose immunoelectrophoretic pattern resembles that of gliomas, which are histologically characterized by neuroectodermal structures and which occur in younger children (5–10 years). The tumours of the second subgroup, which do not show this neuroectodermal immunoelectrophoretic pattern, have a sarcomatous character histologically, and occur in patients aged between 10 and 50 years. The view that medulloblastoma comprises a number of different types of tumour seems to be confirmed by this finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 213 (1976), S. 199-216 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acid maltase deficiency ; Adult glycogenosis type II ; Muscle dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über einen 40jährigen Patienten, der seit 5 Jahren an einer progredienten Myopathie litt und neurologisch das Bild einer atypischen Beckengürteldystrophie bot. Im EMG wurden myotone und pseudomyotone Entladungen beobachtet. Die enzymhistochemischen und elektronenoptischen Untersuchungen der Muskelbiopsien und eines Leberpunktates wiesen auf eine Glykogenose hin; die biochemische Untersuchung bestätigte den Mangel an saurer Maltase. Weitere Literaturfälle von Saure-Maltase-Mangel-Syndrom im juvenilen und Erwachsenenalter wurden überprüft. Es stellt sich heraus, daß mit zunehmendem Alter des Patienten ein fast selektiver Befall der proximalen Muskeln auftritt, was oft Anlaß zur Verwechslung mit anderen sog. degenerativen neuromuskulären Erkrankungen gibt. Bioptische und biochemische Untersuchungen sind daher in solchen Fällen besonders indiziert. Der langsamere Verlauf dieser generalisierten Speicherkrankheit im Erwachsenenalter — gegenüber der rasch verlaufenden infantilen Form (Pompesche Erkrankung) — bleibt ungeklärt.
    Notes: Summary A 40-year-old man suffered for 5 years from a progressive proximal myopathy mimicking an atypical limb-girdle dystrophy. A “myopathic” pattern with myotonic and pseudomyotonic discharges was determined by electromyography. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural investigations of muscle and liver biopsies pointed to a glycogenosis. Biochemical investigations of muscle and liver samples confirmed this diagnosis, disclosing an acid maltase deficiency. Glycogen filled lysosomes were also revealed electron optically in skin fibroblasts but not in white blood cells. The literature concerning the late onset forms of acid maltase deficiency (type II glycogenosis) has been reviewed, and the clinical course has been compared with that of the infantile form (Pompe's disease). In early infancy the disease has a short and fatal course, with involvement of many organs, primarily skeletal muscles, liver and heart. In the late infantile and juvenile forms the course of the disease is slower, the organ involvement beeing not as severe; muscular symptoms begin to prevail. In adults, type II glycogenosis mimics muscular dystrophy with its prolonged course and the almost exclusive clinical involvement of proximal muscles. Biochemical and ultrastructural investigations have nevertheless demonstrated that other organs and tissues are also involved. The reasons for the variability of organ involvements in different ages are as yet unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 367 (1975), S. 181-194 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant Hyperthermia ; Latent Myopathy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die maligne Hyperthermie ist charakterisiert durch einen rapiden Anstieg der Körpertemperatur, Muskelkontraktionen und zunehmende Hypoxie. Sie ist eine moderne Narkosekomplikation mit einem sehr hohen Letalitätsrisiko von über 60%. Da über die morphologischen Veränderungen bei maligner Hyperthermie sehr wenig bekannt ist, wurden an Muskelbiopsien von 3 Patienten mit maligner Hyperthermie und einem sog. Risikopatienten histologische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Histologisch zeigten sich akute Muskelfasernekrosen, außerdem wurden Hinweise für eine latente Myopathie erhoben. Histochemisch ergab sich, daß beide Muskelfasertypen I und II befallen waren. Mit der Phosphorylase-Reaktion konnten auch bei Fasern, die bei üblicher histologischer Bearbeitung unauffällig waren, pathologische Veränderungen nachgewiesen werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch konnten neben einer akuten Rhabdomyolyse eine Erweiterung der Zisternen des sarkoplasmatischen Beticulums und eine eigentümliche Einrollung bzw. Wucherung des Sarkolemms beobachtet werden. Die Befunde unterstützen die pathogenetische Vorstellung anderer Autoren, daß dieses Syndrom, das durch Inhalationsnarcotica und Muskelrelaxantien (Halothan bzw. Succinylcholin) ausgelöst wird, auf der Grundlage eines Defektes caloiumspeichernder Membranen des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums beruht. Wegen des familiären Auftretens dieser Komplikation sollte angestrebt werden, klinische, laborchemische und morphologische Untersuchungen auch bei den Verwandten solcher Patienten zum Ausschluß einer derartigen latenten Myopathie durchzuführen.
    Notes: Summary Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but severe complication of modern anesthesia, induced by halothane and succinylcholine. The syndrome is characterized by a rapid sustained and extreme rise in body temperature associated with muscular rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnoea and cyanosis. The lethality is about 60%. The present paper describes the histological, histochemical and electron microscopical findings performed on muscle biopsies of 3 patients with malignant hyperthermia (1 patient died) and a so called risk patient. In all patients morphological findings consistent with a pre-existent myopathy were found. Histologioally there were acute necrotic muscular fibers as well as in types I and II, variations in the fiber diameter and centralization of the nuclei. In two cases even fibers that had a normal aspect in HE slides, showed a pathologic pattern after phosphorylase reaction. In addition to acute rhabdomyolysis, electron-microscopic investigations revealed cystic expansion of the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with a peculiar proliferation of the sarcolemma. In a degenerating mitochondrium, a crystalline inclusion was identified. These findings support the pathogenetic concept of Britt and coworkers of a functional defect in the calcium release or binding mechanism of sareoplasmic reticulum. Since it is known that malignant hyperthermia has a familial predilection, it seems very important that clinical, biochemical, and morphological investigations be performed such as CPK estimations and muscular biopsies not only of the patients but also of the relatives in order to rule out this type of latent myopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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