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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a progressive decrease in the circulating blood volume of the dog on the transthoracic impedance (1976)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 2 (1976), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Thoracic impedance ; Haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The correlations between the haemodynamic and transthoracic electrical impedance changes resulting from a progressive reduction in the circulating blood volume were studied in four intact mongrel dogs artificially ventilated with a mixture of halothane in nitrous oxide-oxygen. The cardiac output of the dogs was measured by both the electrical impedance and the fibre optic dye dilution techniques. It was found that significant correlations existed between the blood loss and the arterial blood pressure, the maximum first derivative of the transthoracic impedance, the Heather Index, the transthoracic impedance, the maximum rate of change of aortic pressure and the cardiac stroke work. There was also a good correlation between the dye and impedance cardiac output values, the impedance value always being higher than the corresponding dye value. The correlation between the Heather Index and the PEP/LVET ratio and 1 /PEP2 varied markedly from dog to dog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579692
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by Aroclor® 1254 inIctalurus punctatus (channel catfish) (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1976), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01686169
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The present state of trend detection and prediction in patient monitoring (1977)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 3 (1977), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Trend Detection ; Prediction ; Patient Monitoring ; Microprocessor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An investigation has been carried out into the suitability of the following techniques for trend detection and forecasting in patient monitoring: Cusum; Trigg's Tracking Signal; The Patient Condition Factor; The Patient Alarm Warning System; Box-Jenkins models and the Harrison-Stevens Bayesian approach. The latter holds considerable promise since it is flexible and can be implemented on a microprocessor. Consideration has also been given to the need for a better knowledge of the statistical properties of the variables to be monitored and the problems of combining trends detected in severable variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01683184
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of transcutaneous oxygen electrodes in intensive therapy (1977)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 3 (1977), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Transcutaneous ; Oxygen tension ; Intensive Therapy Unit ; Adult ; Neonatal Care Unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of transcutaneous monitoring of the PO2 in patients in an adult intensive therapy unit has been found to be a simple and reliable procedure. The electrodes were heated to 44°C in order to obtain a near maximal response. In individual patients, the transcutaneous reading may be up 20 per cent different from the arterial value. However, the difference is reproducible for a given patient and does not detract from the value of the technique in following trends. The ease of use of the non-invasive transcutaneous technique has brought to light numerous instances of marked fluctuations occurring in patients oxygen tensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01683187
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood resistivity and its implications for the calculation of cardiac output by the thoracic electrical impedance technique (1977)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 3 (1977), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood Resistivity ; Cardiac Output ; Electrical Impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A relationship has been established between the haematocrit and the resistivity of whole blood at 37°C for neonates and adults not suffering from renal failure. Values of resistivity obtained in this way were substituted into Kubicek's equation for stroke volume by the electrical impedance technique, the signal pick-up electrodes being placed in standard positions. The calculated cardiac outputs were then compared with those obtained simultaneously from other techniques such as the dye dilution method for adults and the measurement of pulmonary effective capillary blood flow by rebreathing nitrous oxide in neonates. It was found that the impedance method overestimates under these circumstances, and other workers have shown that this is likely to be due to a contribution from the right heart. A haemotocrit-dependent correction factor has been employed in the case of neonates to align the impedance and nitrous oxide results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01683063
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first derivative of the transthoracic electrical impedance as an index of changes in myocardial contractility in the intact anaesthetised dog (1978)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 4 (1978), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Myocardiac contractility changes ; Thoracic electrical impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The suitability of the peak value of the first derivative of the thoracic electrical impedance dZ/dtmax has been investigated in dogs as a non-invasive index of changes in myocardial contracility by comparing if with the peak left ventricular dP/dt and the peak values of aortic blood velocity and acceleration. An increase in the inspired halothane concentration was used to produce changes in contracility. In 5 dogs the combined values for the correlation coefficient between dZ/dtmax peak velocity and acceleration were respectively 0.937, 0.954 and 0.950. In 14 out 15 comparisons p〈0.001 and in one, p〈0.01. On these grounds, dZ/dtmax is proposed as a variable worthy of consideration in patient monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01683136
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of two methods for the computer analysis of arterial blood pressure waveforms (1975)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 1 (1975), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Arterial blood pressure ; pre-processor ; patient monitoring ; digital computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two different methods, one analogue and one digital, for the analysis of the arterial blood pressure waveform are described and compared. Little difference was found in the systolic and diastolic pressures determined by the two methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571659
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The changes in blood resistivity with haematocrit and temperature (1975)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 1 (1975), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood resistivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the resistivity of blood samples with haematocrits from 16 to 52.5% has been investigated over the temperature range of 22° to 40 °C at a frequency of 100 kHz. The resistivity of whole blood increased with an increase in haematocrit and a decrease in temperature. The data fitted the relationship: Pohm-cm = (6272 Hct + 75.176) − (0.104 Hct + 1.467) tC where Hct is the percentage haematocrit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624433
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of respiration on the monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output by the electrical impedance technique (1976)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 2 (1976), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Impedance cardiogram ; Cardiac output ; Stroke volume ; Averaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In six volunteers (5 male, 1 female) it has been shown that normal respiration made no statistical difference to the estimates of the mean stroke volume and the mean cardiac output as determined by the electrical impedance method of Kubiceket al, (1966). The coefficient of variation was usually increased by respiration. The use of those stroke volumes which occur only at end-expiration was not shown to yield a greater reproducibility with 3 other male volunteers. In the female subject it was found that the use of a digital averager triggered from the preceding R-wave of the ECG gave values for the mean stroke volume and cardiac output which were always lower than the conventional mean values obtained from a number of strokes. The expense of either of these approaches does not appear to be justified as a means of compensating for the effects of normal respiration on the impedance dZ/dt waveform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571889
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of haematocrit on the resistivity of human blood at 37°C and 100 kHz (1975)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 13 (1975), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Blood resistivity ; Electrical impedance ; Cardiac output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Pour pouvoir appliquer la méthode de l'impédance électrique pour la mesure du débit sanguin chez des patients à l'hémodialyse où l'on peut rencontrer use vaste gamme d'hématocrites, il est nécessaire d'avoir des connaissances sur la relation entre la résistivité et l'hématocrite du sang. Une relation linéaire optimale a été déterminée pour le sang humain à 37°C et 100 kHz sur la gamme d'hématocrites de 14 à 45%.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Um die elektrische Impedanzmethode zur Messung der Herzleistung bei Patienten anwenden zu können, die durch Blutidialyse behandelt werden, wo ein breiterer Bereich von Blutzentrifugenwerten angetroffen werden kann, ist die Kenntnis des Verhältnisses zwischen dem spezifischen Widerstand des Blutes und dem Blutzentrifugenwert enforderlich. Es wurde ein Verhältnis nach der linearen Methode der kleisten Quadrate für das menschliche Blut bei 37°C und 100 kHz über einen Blutzentrifugenwertbereich von 14 bis 45% bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract In order to be able to employ the electrical-impedance method for the measurement of cardiac output in patients on haemodialysis where a wide range of haematocrits may be encountered, a knowledge of the relationship between the resistivity and haematocrit of blood is required. A linear least-squares relationship has been determined for human blood at 37°C and 100 kHz over the haematocrit range from 14 to 45%
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02477725
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