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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; kinetics ; apnea ; premature newborns ; developmental pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) was administered to 27 premature newborns to prevent apneic spells. Of the 22 patients monitored for theophylline concentration, a therapeutic blood level was reached in 19 in 1–2 days, and 3 stayed below it. ‘Toxic’ blood levels (≥20 µg/ml) were reached in 3 cases, one of whom showed signs of toxicity. Theophylline treatment was not efficient in the prevention of apnea when a serious underlying disease was present. Theophylline blood half-life (mean : 27.0 h) and clearance (mean 12.9 ml/h/kg) confirmed the slow elimination pattern of the drug in the premature infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 302 (1978), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Deslanatoside C ; Tissue uptake ; Urinary excretion ; Tissue distribution ; Body development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Deslanatoside C-3H was injected (i.p. 50 μg/kg) into rabbits of 1, 4, 10, 20 days and more than 1 year old. The rabbits were sacrificed 2 and 6 h after dosing. Levels in all tissues were higher in newborn rabbits, decreased in the older animals and then in most tissues increased in adults to different degrees, showing the highest values in kidneys. Biliary excretion and above all urinary excretion increased with age. Levels in atria, ventricles, aorta and liver in rabbits 1 and 4 days old were consistently higher at the 6th h than those at the 2nd h, these tissues showing a particularly marked avidity with Deslanatoside C; in the older animals this behaviour was reversed. These data and those of other Authors working on other glycosides (including Digoxin) and other species (including newborn children) lead to the conclusion that digitalis glycosides in newborn species are excreted at a lower rate and incorporated in the body tissues at a higher rate than in adults. They may also in part explain the large dosages employed in human infants in comparison with adults, as the higher distribution volume retains a large amount of the injected glycoside.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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