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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Centaurus 19 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0498
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 273-289 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone marrow biopsy ; Hairy cell leukemia ; Differential diagnosis ; Myelofibrosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia, histological and fine structural findings from biopsies of the bone marrow are reported and their validity is compared with other diagnostic procedures available. Diagnosis by light microscopy of anterior iliac crest biopsies obtained by the method of myelotomy is possible with a high degree of accuracy. The differentiation of hairy cell leukemia from other myelo- or lymphoproliferative disorders based on cytomorphology as well as patterns of growth is emphasized. Morphological differences between fibrosis in this entity and other lesions such as malignant lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, osteomyelofibrosis and -sclerosis are emphasized. Electron microscopy of the bone marrow shows single fibroblastic cells with numerous slender cytoplasmic processes randomly dispersed among the hairy cells. These fibroblasts are probably responsible for the synthesis of the reticulin and collagen fibres in their surroundings. Moreover fine structure of the hairy cells demonstrates pinocytic activity but no apparent phagocytosis in contrast to the phagocytic reticulum cells (histiocytes, macrophages). In the bone marrow the precursor cells and the many immature forms of hairy cells exhibit an overall lymphocytoid appearance during their maturation, suggesting a lymphocytic origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 373 (1977), S. 191-211 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myeloproliferative disorder ; Thrombocytes ; Megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Megakaryocyte lineage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the bone marrow in chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM) was studied in 5 nontreated patients to investigate possible malignant proliferation of megakaryocytes and the role of megakaryopoiesis in fibrillogenesis, terminating in osteomyelofibrosis. In comparison with normal megakaryopoiesis there is an enormous increase of the megakaryocytic cell line and many immature and atypical forms are seen. Most conspicuous are microforms, nuclear-cytoplasmic disorganization and nuclear inclusions. Asynchrony of maturation causes abnormal thrombocytogenesis with premature detachment of platelets resulting in immature and peculiar giant forms of thrombocytes. Besides megakaryocytes appearing superficially normal the maturation anarchy of many cells is so severe that by analogy with observations in other leukaemic cells these abnormalities are thought to be representative of a malignant growth. Moreover, there is a striking accumulation of microfibrils and single collagen fibres around megakaryoblasts. Since these cells contain all those organelles commonly associated with fibre production the initial step for fibrillogenesis may therefore arise from the megakaryoblasts prior to platelet release, or any fibroblast proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myeloproliferative disorder ; Megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis ; Granulocyte lineage ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 5 patients with chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM) bone marrow specimens were studied by electron microscopy to investigate possible abnormalities of the granulocytic cell lineage. Thin sections were compared with freeze-fracture replicas to elucidate further aspects of leucocyte cytology. The atypia exhibited in these cells (eosinophils, basophils and neutrophil granulocytes) consisted mostly of a disorganization of granulopoiesis with hyper- and hypogranulation, a pathological increase in the number of nuclear blebs and a maturation asynchrony sometimes leading to Pelger-like cell forms. Moreover, a presumptive stem cell was demonstrated in the erythopoietic and granulocytic cell lines resembling CFU cells. In conclusion, granulopoiesis in CMGM exhibited abnormalities as generally observed in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. When considered with our previous finding of malignancy in megakaryopoiesis, CMGM has to be classified as a myelosis of mixed cellularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem unausgewählten Obduktionsgut wurde die spezielle und funktionelle Pathomorphologie der Epithelkörper untersucht und dazu bei 589 Sektionen 1637 Nebenschilddrüsen präpariert. Klinisch war bei keinem der Patienten ein primärer oder sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus diagnostiziert worden, nur in etwa 10 Fällen von Hämodialysepatienten war ein sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus bekannt. Bei etwa 33% der Sektionen wurden pathologische Veränderungen der Epithelkörper gefunden: 3 Hauptzellenadenome, 3 Adenome mit begleitender Hyperplasie der übrigen Drüsen, 12 primäre noduläre Hyperplasien, darunter 6 Mikroadenome und 146 Fälle mit sekundärer regulativer Hyperplasie der Nebenschilddrüsen. Weiterhin wurden bei der stufenweise histologischen Aufarbeitung der Drüsen cysten, eitrige Parathyreoiditiden, pseudolipomatöse Hyperplasien, Carcinommetastasen, hämorrhagische Infarzierungen und Amyloidablagerungen gesehen. Die auffallend große Gruppe der sekundären Hyperplasien (etwa 20% der Sektionen) wurde nach Gewicht und Cytologie der Drüsen in 3 Schweregrade eingeteilt. Die erste Gruppe (118 Fälle) war durch eine fehlende Altersinvolution und das Vorherrschen aktivierter Hauptzellen im Parenchym gekennzeichnet. Die statistische Auswertung der anderen Autopsiebefunde, insbesondere der Histomorphologie des Knochens, ließ erkennen, daß die Epithelkörper dieser Gruppe eine geringe Aktivitätssteigerung aufwiesen, die meistens mit pathologischen Nierenbefunden verknüpft war und im Knochen geringe Umbauvorgänge im Sinne eines regulativen Hyperparathyreoidismus zeigte. Die Mikroadenome ließen verschiedene Grade der endokrinen Aktivität erkennen, wie an den morphologischen Veränderungen des Skelettsystems festzustellen war und die ganz der unterschiedlichen Zellpopulation des Drüsenparenchyms (dunkle oder ruhende Hauptzellen bzw. aktivierte Hauptzellen und kleine wasserhelle Zellen) entsprachen. Der diffusen oder nodulären Hyperplasie oxyphiler (onkocytärer) Zellen konnte keine spezifische endokrine Funktion zugeordnet werden, außer ihr vermehrtes Vorkommen im Alter und bei allgemeiner Arteriosklerose, insbesondere bei weiblichen Patienten.
    Notes: Summary 1637 parathyroid gland dissections were performed on 589 unselected autopsy preparations in order to study both pathomorphology and functional aspects in an unseleeted group of patients. In no case had primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism been suspected clinically; but in about 10 patients on chronic hemodialysis, a secondary hyperplasia of the glands was known. In about 33% of the cases pathological changes were observed: 3 chief cell adenomas, 3 adenomas combined with hyperplasia, 12 primary nodular hyperplasias including 6 microadenomas and 145 cases with secondary regulative hyperplasia. Cysts, purulent parathyroiditis, lipomatous pseudohyperplasia, metastases of carcinomas, hemorrhagic infarctions and amyloidosis were also detected in serial sections of the parathyroid glands. The remarkably large group of secondary hyperplasias (about 20%) was divided into 3 categories according to weight and cytology. The first category (118 cases) was characterized by a lack of the normal age-related involution of the parenchyma and prevalence of light (active) chief cells. Statistical evaluation of the other autopsy findings, histomorphology of the bone in particular, led to the conclusion that this group represented a slightly activated gland with possibly reversible hyperplasia, mostly connected with pathological alterations in the kidney and with minimal changes in bone morphology consistent with hyperparathyroidism. The microadenomas displayed different levels of endocrine activity as demonstrated by bone histology in accordance with the cytology of the adenomas (dark or resting chief cells versus active chief cells and waterclear cells). No specific alterations with respect to endocrine function could be attributed to diffuse and nodular hyperplasia of oxyphil (oncocytic) cells except their increase with age and arteriosclerosis, especially in women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 91 (1978), S. 267-277 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Chemical carcinogenesis ; Bladder tumor ; Grade ; Stage ; Renal changes ; Chemische Karzinogenese ; Harnblasentumor ; Malignitätsgrad ; Stadium ; Nierenveränderungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 30 weiblichen Wistar Ratten mit einem Gewicht zwischen 70–90 g war nach 8 monatiger Fütterung mit 0,188 % N [4-(5-Nitro-2-Furyl)-2-Thiazolyl] Formamid (FANFT) bei allen Tieren ein papillärer Tumor der Harnblase nachweisbar. Histologisch handelte es sich dabei stets um ein Übergangszellkarzinom, wobei die mittleren Tumorstadien bevorzugt waren; Fernmetastasen lagen nicht vor. Die Klassifikation ergab einen mittleren und hohen Malignitätsgrad. Statistisch konnte keine signifikante Beziehung zwischen Tumorstadium und Grad sowie zwischen Grad und Tumorgewicht festgestellt werden. Dagegen bestand eine Korrelation zwischen Stadium und Tumorgewicht. Nach 12 Monaten zeigten 36/60 Nieren normale Befunde, während bei 20/60 Dysplasien und bei 2/60 Übergangszellkarzinome des Nierenbeckens beobachtet wurden. Eine sekundäre Harnstauungsniere als Folge des Blasentumors lag in 4 Fällen vor. Andere Organveränderungen wurden nicht festgestellt.
    Notes: Summary 30 female Wistar rats weighing between 70 and 90 g were fed for 8 months with 0,188% N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT). After this period a papillary tumor of the urinary bladder was demonstrable in each animal. Histological examination always revealed a transitional cell carcinoma with prevailing medium tumor stages; no distant metastases were found. The grade of malignancy was classified as medium and high. No significant statistical relationship could be ascertained between tumor stage and grade or between grade and weight, but a correlation was established between tumor stage and weight. After 12 months, 36/60 kidneys were found to be normal, whereas in 20/60 dysplasias and in 2/60 transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis were observed; secondary hydronephrosis due to bladder tumors occured 4 times. Other organ changes were not noticeable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 39 (1979), S. 177-190 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Chronische myelo-monozytäre Leukämie ; Seeblaue Histiozyten ; Knochenmarksbiopsie ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia ; Sea-blue histiocytes ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Clinical data and light and electron microscopic findings are presented in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of about 5 years' duration and no need for specific therapy. Cytogenetic studies failed to demonstrate a Philadelphia-chromosome. The leading clinical symptoms were anemia, moderate hepatomegaly, and leukocytosis with monocytes in the peripheral blood count. Light microscopy of bone marrow cores showed hypercellularity of neutrophil granulocytic and monocytic cell lines including some precursor forms. Electron microscopy confirmed the existence of a biphasic myelomonocytic cell proliferation with predominance of mature forms in both lineages; there were no gross cellular abnormalities and no “hiatus leukaemicus”. Conspicuous were cells of an undeterminated origin apparently neither belonging to the neutrophil granulocytic nor monocytic series and large histiocytic cells, possibly corresponding to the so-called sea-blue histiocytes of light microscopy. The high degree of maturation of both cell lines in the bone marrow is in accordance with the relatively benign and prolongated course of this rare type of leukemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von einem Patienten mit einer chronischen myelo-monozytären Leukämie von etwa 5 Jahren Dauer und ohne spezifische Therapie werden klinische sowie licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Befunde vorgestellt. Zytogenetische Untersuchungen ließen ein Philadelphia-Chromosom nicht erkennen. Die führenden Symptome waren eine geringe Anämie, eine mäßige Lebervergrößerung und Leukozytose mit Monozyten im peripheren Blutausstrich. Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen des Knochenmarkes zeigten eine Zellvermehrung der neutrophilen granulozytären und der monozytären Zellreihen einschließlich einiger Frühformen. Die Elektronenmikroskopie bestätigte das Vorhandensein einer biphasischen myelo-monozytären Zellproliferation mit Vorwiegen der reifen Formen in beiden Zellinien. Es bestanden keine bemerkenswerten zellulären Anomalien und kein „hiatus leucaemicus“. Auffallend waren Zellen unbestimmbarer Herkunft, die weder der neutrophilgranulozytären oder monozytären Reihe sicher zuzuordnen waren, und große histiozytäre Zellen, die wahrscheinlich den sogenannten „seeblauen Histiozyten“ der Lichtmikroskopie entsprechen. Der hohe Grad der Ausreifung in beiden Zellinien im Knochenmark steht in Übereinstimmung mit dem relativ gutartigen und langen Verlauf dieses seltenen Types einer Leukämie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 38 (1979), S. 407-420 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Polycythämia vera ; Ultrastruktur des Knochenmarkes ; Kernspalten ; Mikromegakaryozyten ; myeloproliferative Erkrankungen ; Polycythemia vera ; Bone marrow ultrastructure ; Nuclear clefts ; Micromegakaryocytes ; Myeloproliferative disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Electron microscopy (thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas) was performed on the bone marrow of ten patients with Polycythemia vera prior to any treatment. In addition to a hyperplasia of all three cell lineages and the sinuses, atypias were observed in the maturing erythroblasts. These aberrations of normal development consisted mainly of deep invaginations of the nuclear envelope in proerythroblasts and conspicuous nuclear clefts in erythro- and normoblasts. In comparison with similar changes in dyserythropoietic and aplastic anemia as well as leukemia these alterations are discussed in connection with disturbances of DNA synthesis. Further atypias involved megakaryopoiesis which displayed microforms probably as an evidence for maturation arrest. These ultrastructural abnormalities with their morphological features of a neoplastic proliferation of all three cell lineages in Polycythemia vera are in good agreement with the new concept of a transformation of a pluripotent stem cell with clonal character.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen (Dünnschnitte und Gefrierbrechungen) wurden am Knochenmark von zehn Patienten mit Polycythämia vera vor der Behandlung durchgeführt. Au\er der Hyperplasie aller drei Zellreihen und der Sinus wurden vor allem Atypien der reifenden Erythroblasten gesehen. Diese Abweichungen der normalen Entwicklung bestanden hauptsächlich aus tiefen Einstülpungen der Kernhülle im Proerythroblasten und in auffallenden Kernspalten in Erythro- und Normoblasten. Im Vergleich zu ähnlichen Veränderungen bei dyserythropoetischen und aplastischen Anämien ebenso wie bei Leukämien werden diese Anomalien im Zusammenhang mit Störungen der DNA-Synthese diskutiert. Weitere Atypien betrafen die granulocytäre Reihe mit abnormen Kernschleifen und die Megakaryopoese, die Mikroformen aufwies, was wohl als ein Ausdruck der Reifungshemmung zu werten ist. Diese ultrastrukturellen Anomalien mit ihren morphologischen Kriterien der neoplastischen Proliferation aller drei Zellreihen bei der Polycythämia vera passen gut in das neue Konzept der Transformation einer pluripotenten Stammzelle mit klonalem Charakter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 343 (1976), S. 293-305 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Islet-transplantation ; Diabetes mellitus ; Provocating-tests ; Functional control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen, die sich mit der Transplantation Langerhansscher Inseln befassen, verwenden unterschiedliche Kriterien und Tests zur Erfolgskontrolle ihrer Tierversuche. In eigenen Transplantations-Experimenten haben wir die für den Diabetiker typischen allgemein-medizinischen Befunde wie Änderungen des Trinkverhaltens, des Körpergewichts, der Urinausscheidung, des Urinzuckers und des Blutzuckers beim Versuchstier Ratte ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurden bei der Ratte spezielle Provokationstests aus der menschlichen Diabetesdiagnostik durchgeführt und deren Eignung für eine Verwendung bei der Inseltransplantation diskutiert. Dabei zeigte sich, daß der i. v. Glucose-Belastungs-Test mit der Berechnung des GAK geeignet ist, Änderungen diabetischer Zustände der Ratte aufzuzeigen. Der Tolbutamid- bzw. der Leucin-Test scheinen keine zusätzliche Aussage zum Verlauf der Transplantationsexperimente zu liefern. Histologische Kontrollen der transplantierten Inseln ergänzen die empfohlenen laborchemischen Tests. Sie sollten in jedem Fall durchgeführt werden, da Funktionsausfälle der Inseln mit regressiven morphologischen Veränderungen einhergehen.
    Notes: Summary The various groups who are working on islet-transplantation used different parameters in determining the success or failure of their experiments. In our own transplantation-trials we tested the value of using the symptoms typical of diabetic humans for rats. These are: change in bodyweight, water intake, urine-volume and glucose content as well as the glucose-level in the blood. Special diabetic provocation-tests were also carried out with rats. It was shown, that the i. v. glucose-tolerance-test (IVGTT) and the glucose assimilation-coefficient (GAC) were able to demonstrate the reversal of the diabetic state after islet-transplantation. The tolbutamid-test gave no additional evidence about the success of the transplantation. Histological examinations should always be carried out in addition to the bio chemical tests, because a decrease in the islet's-function is shown to depent on a higher rate of morphological regressions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Chemical carcinogenesis ; Bladder carcinoma ; Light and electron microscopy ; Membrane transformation ; Antigenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After feeding with 0.188% N-[4-(5-nitro-2 furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT), transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was induced in all female Wistar rats tested. Histological changes of the urothelium consisted of various degrees of hyperplasia and dysplasia. An infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma first appeared after 8 months. These results are compared with the findings of other authors, and divergencies of the tumour induction rates are discussed with respect to strain, sex and weight of experimental animals as well as concentration and amount of ingested carcinogen. Electron microscopy shows microvillous transformation of the luminal plasma membrane and appearance of a thick fluffy cell coat (glycocalyx). These changes are explained by an altered function of the Golgi complex occurring during malignancy and leading to a loss of the specific discoid vesicles of the urothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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