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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 14 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : The authors collected data from the literature and from experts on the subject of vaccination of patients with dermatologic disorders. They assembled these data into categories of specific skin conditions and vaccinations. These data may be used in deciding whether or not to vaccinate, and at which stage of the dermatologic condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 3093-3096 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 2752-2756 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 1346-1349 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell wall regeneration by protoplasts fromVicia hajastana suspension cultures was investigated with Calcofluor White ST staining and platinum-palladium surface replicas. Microfibril deposition was initiated after 10–20 minutes of culture and within 20 hours protoplasts were covered with a heavy mat of microfibrils. The early stages of microfibril formation could not be detected with Calcofluor staining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Efficient plating system ; Mutant isolation ; Soybean (Glycine max L.) ; Haploid Datura innoxia Mill ; Suspension cultures ; HGPRT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A plating system for cell suspensions of soybean, SB-1, (Glycine max L. cv. ‘Mandarin’) and Datura innoxia D.I. (Mill) was developed using feeder cells. The characteristics of the system are: a) the efficiency of plating (EOP) is high (0.5–0.6), b) over a range of 10–300 plated clumps the EOP is constant, c) the growth rate of plated cells resembles that of suspension cultures (generation time 24 hr.). Clumps with few or with many cells have similar plating efficiencies. Employing the plating system, a mutant resistant to 8 azaguanine (8AG) was isolated from SB-1 in 7 days and purified and tested within an additional 3 weeks. Feeder plates were used to selectively re-isolate 8 AG resistant and maltose utilizing mutants from a 1000-fold excess of wild type cells. The plating technique also can be utilized to isolate auxotrophic mutants since free amino acids are not produced by the feeder suspension. Other applications of this plating technique are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary By means of a rotational rheometer viscosity measurements were carried out on high density polyethylenes of different molecular weight but constant molecular weight distribution. For the interpretation of experimental results the viscous flow is described as a rate process. In the present treatment the theory ofPrandtl andEyring is extended in the following manner. The potential-energy barrier is calculated by taking into account the influence of the applied force, the distance and the interaction energy between neighbouring molecules. It is suggested that the interaction energy can be represented by anr −6 attracting Van der Waals potential. It is possible to describe quantitatively the dependence of shear rate upon the applied force. The proposed model leads to a good agreement between experimental and calculated results for all polyethylenes studied. Among other results the molecular weight dependence of entropy and energy of activation and the compressibility of the jump volume is obtained. Further it is shown that the zero shearrate viscosity can be expressed quantitatively as a function of pressure, temperature and molecular weight.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines Rotationsrheometers wurden an Polyäthylenen hoher Dichte mit verschiedenen Molekulargewichten, aber konstanter Molekulargewichtsverteilung Viskositätsmessungen in Abhängigkeit vom Druck und von der Temperatur durchgeführt. Für die Beschreibung der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird das Fließen durch molekulare Platzwechsel gedeutet. In Erweiterung der vonPrandtl undEyring entwickelten Vorstellungen wird anstelle einer symmetrischen Potentialbarriere deren Veränderung unter Berücksichtigung der äußeren Schubspannung, dem Abstand und der Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen platzwechselnden Teilchen und benachbarten Leerstellen behandelt. Es wird angenommen, daß die Wechselwirkungsenergie durch ein anziehendesr −6-Van der Waals-Potential wiedergegeben werden kann. Es ist möglich, quantitativ den Zusammenhang von Schubspannung und Schergeschwindigkeit zu beschreiben. Das vorgeschlagene Modell liefert für die untersuchten Polyäthylene eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen gemessenen und berechneten Ergebnissen. Aus dem Vergleich gemessener und berechneter Fließkurven kann unter anderen Größen die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit von Entropie und Energie der Aktivierung sowie die Kompressibilität des Sprungvolumens ermittelt werden. Die abgeleiteten Ergebnisse gestatten es, die Nullviskosität in Abhängigkeit von Druck, Molekulargewicht und Temperatur quantitativ zu beschreiben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 1137-1139 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 638-644 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein analytischer Ausdruck abgeleitet, der den Einfluß des Molekulargewichtes (M w ) von verschiedenen, in Naturkautschuk eingebetteten Stickoxydradikalen auf ihre effektiven Rotationsfrequenzen (v eff) beschreibt. Es zeigt sich, daß die effektive Aktivierungsenergie (E) für die Rotation der paramagnetischen Sonden mit zunehmendem Molekulargewicht abnimmt. Im Grenzfall hoher Molekulargewichte strebt sie gegen den Wert der AktivierungsenergieE 0 für die segmentellen Relaxationen der Polymerketten. Diev eff Werte der verschiedenen paramagnetischen Sonden können mit Hilfe der folgenden Gleichung zu einer einfachen Masterkurve reduziert werden: $$\frac{{v_{eff} }}{{exp\left( {\frac{{E_0 e^{ - M_W /M_S } }}{{RT}}} \right)}} = v_0 \exp \left( { - \frac{{E_0 }}{{RT}}} \right)$$ mit den WertenE 0 = 7.8 kcal mol−1,v 0 = 2·1013 s −1 undM s = 114 g mol−1. Die GrößeM s wurde als die kleinste rotierende Einheit innerhalb der Polymerkette aufgefaßt. Sie entspricht einem Segment von ungefähr 1,7 Monomereinheiten. Dies führt zu der Interpretation, den Glasübergang als eine koordinierte Bewegung einer Gruppe von etwa 30 kurzen Polymersegmenten aufzufassen. Da die intramolekulare Beweglichkeit mit zunehmendem Molekulargewicht der paramagnetischen Sonde ansteigt, stellen große Radikale bewegliche Ketten mit mehr oder weniger frei rotierenden Gliedern dar. Mit zunehmendem MolekulargewichtM w nimmt die intermolekulare Kopplung der Radikalrotationen mit den segmentellen Rotationen der Polymerketten zu. Demnach sollten große bewegliche Stickoxydradikale die segmentellen Relaxationen der Polymerketten am besten sondieren.
    Notes: Summary An analytical expression was developed to explain the effect of molecular weight (M w ) upon the effective rotational frequencies (v eff) of different nitroxide spin probes incorporated in natural rubber. It was found that the effective activation energy (E) of probe rotation decreases with increasingM w and approaches the true activation energy (E 0) of segmental relaxations of polymer chains. Thev eff values of different probe radicals can be reduced to a single master curve by means of the equation: $$\frac{{v_{eff} }}{{exp\left( {\frac{{E_0 e^{ - M_W /M_S } }}{{RT}}} \right)}} = v_0 \exp \left( { - \frac{{E_0 }}{{RT}}} \right)$$ whereE 0 = 7.8 kcal mol−1,v 0 = 2 x 1013 s −1 andM s = 114 g mol−1. The value ofM s was interpreted as the smallest rotating unit of polymer chain which corresponds to a segment of about 1.7 monomer units. This leads to the interpretation that the glass transition process involves a coordinated motion of a group of about 30 short polymer segments. As a consequence of increasing intramolecular mobility of large radicals they can be regarded as flexible chains of more or less freely rotating links. Since the intermolecular coupling of the radical rotations with segmental rotations of polymer chains increases with increasingM w it is proposed that large flexible nitroxide probes describe best the segmental relaxations of polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 923-931 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In low density polyethylene the transient charging currents are studied after the application of a step function voltage. The currents obtained at first decay, go through a broad maximum and then attain asymptotically a steady-state value. The current maximum is shifted to shorter times by increasing the temperature or the field strength. The observed agreement with a dipole orientation current at short charging times and the appearance of a maximum in the charging current corresponding to the behaviour of a space charge limited current suggests that the charging current is the instantaneous sum of a displacement and a conduction current. The transit time and the mobility of electrons are estimated from the time when the maximum in the charging current appears. The obtained field and temperature dependent values for transit times and mobilities of electrons can be explained quantitatively by a thermal activated hopping from one localized state to another. The transport of electrons occurs over multiple barriers separated by an average distance, given by the morphology. With increasing electric field and temperature the jump frequency increases and thus the transit time decreases and the mobility of the electrons increases. A good agreement between experimental and calculated results is found.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der zeitliche Verlauf des Ladestromes nach Aufschalten einer Gleichspannung wird am Polyäthylen niedriger Dichte untersucht. Es werden Strdme beobachtet, die von höheren Werten abfallen, ein Maximum durchlaufen and danach asymptotisch einem stationären Wert zustreben. Mit zunehmender Temperatur oder Feldstarke verschiebt sich das Maximum zu kürzeren Ladezeiten. Die bei kurzen Ladezeiten beobachtete Übereinstimmung mit einem Polarisationsstrom und das Auftreten eines Maximums im Ladestrom entsprechend dem Verhalten raumladungsbegrenzter Ströme legt den Schluß nahe, den Ladestrom als Summe eines dielektrischen Verschiebungsstromes und eines elektronischen Teilchenstromes zu beschreiben. Aus der Zeit für das Auftreten des Maximums im Ladestrom wird die Transitzeit der Elektronen zum Durchqueren der Probe and ihre Beweglichkeit ermittelt. Die so bestimmten feld- and temperaturabhängigen Transitzeiten and Beweglichkeiten der Elektronen werden quantitativ auf der Grundlage eines thermisch aktivierten Hüpfprozesses beschrieben. Der Ladungstransport erfolgt caber vielfache Barrieren, die durch einen, von der Morphologie vorgegebenen, mittleren Abstand getrennt sind. Mit zunehmender Temperatur und Feldstarke nimmt die Sprungfrequenz zu and infolgedessen die Transitzeit ab und die Beweglichkeit der Elektronen zu. Es wird eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen gemessenen and berechneten Ergebnissen beobachtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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