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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The structure of a benthic microbial food web and its seasonal changes were studied in the shallow brackish waters of the island of Hiddensee, northeastern Germany, at two sites in close proximity by monthly or bimonthly sampling from July 1995 to June 1996. Abundance and biomass of phototrophic and non-phototrophic bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates (HF) and ciliates as well as the biomass of microphytobenthos were determined in the upper 0.3 cm sediment layer. Abundance of organisms showed strong positive correlation with water temperature, with the exception of the bacteria. Non-phototrophic bacterial numbers ranged from 7 × 108 to 6.7 × 109 cells cm−3 and phototrophic bacterial abundance from 4 × 107 to 2.7 × 108. Heterotrophic protist abundance ranged from 8 × 103 to 104 × 103 ind cm−3 for HF and from 39 to 747 ind cm−3 for ciliates. The biomass partitioning demonstrated the primary importance of non-phototrophic bacteria (min. 0.83, max. 84.87 μg C cm−3), followed by the microphytobenthos (min. 1.32, max. 50.93 μg C cm−3). The heterotrophic protists contributed roughly the same fraction to the total microbial biomass, with the biomass of the HF being slightly higher (HF 0.23 to 1.76 μg C cm−3, ciliates 0.04 to 1.17 μg C cm−3). Taxonomic classification of the benthic HF revealed the euglenids to be the most important group in terms of abundance and biomass, followed by thaumatomastigids and kinetoplastids. Other important groups were apusomonads, cercomonads, pedinellids and cryptomonads. The structure of the HF assemblage showed strong seasonal changes with euglenids being the most abundant taxa in summer, while apusomonads and thaumatomastigids were predominant in winter. Similar to the pelagic microbial food web, benthic picophototrophic bacteria were occasionally abundant, and the feeding modes of heterotrophic protists exhibited a great variety (predominantly omnivores, bacterivores, herbivores or predators). Filter-feeding HF were of little importance. Contrary to the pelagic environment, a top-down control on total benthic bacterial numbers by HF seemed unlikely at the studied stations which were characterised by muddy sand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 329 (1971), S. 1041-1042 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach kurzer Darstellung der Besonderheiten der Wund heilung nach Verbrennungen wird vor allem auf die Nekrolyse bei tiefen zweitbis drittgradigen Verbrennungen eingegangen, zumal sick im Zusammenhang mit der modernen Behandlung von Verbrennungswunden mit Sulfomylon, SilberSulfodiazine und Silber-Nitrat (0,5%) durch Hemmung von Proteasen eine erheblich verzögerte Nekrolyse ergibt. An eingehenden Studien von 25 Schweinen, bei denen reproduzierbare standardisierte Verbrennungen 3. Grades gesetzt werden, wird die Wirkung von Bromelain, Kollagenase, Fibrolan, Trypure Novo und anderer trypsinhaltiger Nekrolytica tierischer und pflanzlicher Herkunft demonstriert und ihr Effekt auf die Proliferationsphase nachgewiesen. Die nekrolytischen Veränderungen und Reepithelialisierungszonen bei den einzelnen Präparaten werden mit dem Planimeter ausgemessen. Die Überlegenheit von Kollagenase konnte nachgewiesen werden. Die im Handel erhältlichen Substanzen sind zwar in der Lage, das denaturierte Zentrum der Verbrennung abzubauen, jedoch gelingt durch these Präparate nicht die Auflösung der mit dem Wundgrund and dem Wundrand verwobenen, nicht denaturierten Kollagenfasern. Die Wirksamkeit der Kollagenase auf die Nekrose ist von der angewandten Konzentration abhängig. Mit einer Konzentration von 13000 U/g war die Nekrolyse bereits am 1., spätestens jedoch am 2. Tag nach der Verbrennung vollständig. Deutlich war der Vorsprung in der Granulationsbildung bei den mit hoher Kollagenasekonzentration behandelten Wunden. Kollagenase in ausreichend hoher Konzentration bewirkt eine äußerst schnelle Nekrolyse, die eine plastische Deckung des Hautdefektes zum optimalen Zeitpunkt ermöglicht. Ob der nach Kollagenasebehandlung zu verzeichnende Vorsprung bei der Proliferation als auch bei der Reepithelisierung our ein rein zeitlicher, durch die schnell erfolgte Nekrolyse oder ein direkter Kollagenaseeffekt ist, steht noch zur Diskussion.
    Notes: Summary After a brief description of the peculiarities of wound healing after burns, necrolysis in deep 2nd to 3rd degree burns is discussed especially since necrolysis is considerably delayed by inhibition of proteases in connexion with modern burns treatment with sulfomylon, silver sulfodiazine and silver nitrate (0.5%). The effect of Bromelain, collagenase, Fibrolan, Trypure Novo and other trypsin-containing necrolytics of animal and vegetable origin is demonstrated in detailed studies on 25 pigs in which reproducible standardised 3rd degree burns had been produced, also their effect on the proliferation phase. The necrolysic changes and zones of re-epithelialisation with the various preparations were measured with the planimeter. Collagenase was shown to be superior. The substances on the market are able to digest the denaturated centre of the burn but they do not succed in dissolving the non-denaturated collagen fibres interwoven with the base and margin of the wound. The efficacy of collagenase on the necrosis depends on the concentration used. With a concentration of 13 000 U/g necrolysis was complete on the 1st or 2nd day after the burn at the latest. The advance in granulationformation in wounds treated with high collagenase concentrations was obvious. Collagenase in sufficiently high concentration produces extremely rapid necrolysis, making possible a plastic covering of the skin defect at the optimal moment. The question whether the advance in proliferation and re-epithelialisation after collagenase treatment is due to the time saved by rapid necrolysis or whether it is a direct collagenase effect is still under discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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