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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive radioreceptor assay was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium 6 μg/kg after intramuscular (deltoid muscle) administration in eight Caesarean section patients. A fast absorption rate was found with a mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax of 6.3 (SD 1.5) ng/ml, a mean time to Cmax (Tmax) of 10.0 (3.8) minutes and the elimination half-life (Tl of 33.4 (1.92). The respective AUC0–8 h value was 5.61 (1.27) hours ng/ml. This dose produced a significant increase in the maternal heart rate after 10 minutes (p 〈 0.05) and an antisialogogue effect after 30 minutes (p 〈 0.05) of the drug injection. Almost half of drug (48.3%) was excreted into the urine within 3 hours. There were no measurable levels of glycopyrronium in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after 60 minutes of drug injection. The concentrations of glycopyrronium in the umbilical venous (0.28 (0.25) ng/ml) and in the umbilical arterial (0.18 (0.11) ng/ml) plasma after 86 minutes of drug injection were low and clinically insignificant, as was the case in the amniotic fluid (0.15 (0.08) ng/ml).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg-1, midazolam 20 μg.kg-1 and saline placebo were assessed in a double-blind, randomised study in 90 patients undergoing day-case cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia. The trial drug was injected into the deltoid muscle 45 min before the peri-ocular block. Dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg-1 decreased intra-ocular pressure before, during and after surgery. The maximum reduction in mean (SD) intra-ocular pressure occurred in the dexmedetomine group just before discharge from hospital (17.7 (2.8) mmHg to 11.5 (2.9) mmHg) (p 〈 0.001 compared with midazolam and placebo). In contrast, midazolam did not differ from saline placebo. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam produced a similar sedative effect of short duration. Dexmedetomidine induced a moderate decrease in blood pressure (p 〈 0.001 compared with placebo) and a slight but statistically significant decrease in heart rate throughout the study period (p 〈 0.001 compared with placebo). Dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg-1 intramuscularly, effectively reduced intra-ocular pressure and produced short-acting sedation with marginal cardiovascular effects; it may be a useful premedicant drug for elderly patients undergoing day-case cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alpha2 agonists have been shown to decrease intra-ocular pressure in ophthalmic surgery. We studied the effects of dexmedetomidine, a new a2 agonist, on intra-ocular pressure, haemodynamic parameters, sedation, anxiolysis and dryness of mouth in 35 (Asa physical status 1–3) patients undergoing day-case cataract surgery under peri-ocular anaesthesia. Five different doses of dexmedetomidine (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 μg.kg−1) were used in this double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled study. The trial drug was administered into the deltoid muscle 60 min before surgery. The 1.0 μg.kg−1 dose of dexmedetomidine produced a 32% reduction of intra-ocular pressure (p = 0.002). This dose induced moderate sedation, but was not associated with significant haemodynamic changes. A significant decrease in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was seen only with the highest dose of dexmedetomidine. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg.kg−1 produces sedation and a reduction of intra-ocular pressure with minimal haemodynamic side effects when given intramuscularly as premedication before cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Diazepam Therapy ; Enzyme Induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The plasma diazepam, N-demethyldiazepam, and free oxazepam concentrations were studied in 12 neurotic outpatients during subchronic use, in 14 outpatients after chronic use, and in 8 test subjects after an acute intravenous administration. There are several reasons for believing that diazepam may induce its own metabolism in man: 1. The decrease in diazepam and N-demethyldiazepam concentrations in the plasma after 1–6 weeks therapy. 2. Comparatively low plasma diazepam concentrations in patients who had taken diazepam for several months or years. 3. Much higher concentrations of N-demethyldiazepam, the main metabolite, after intravenously given diazepam in chronic users of diazepam as compared to controls. 4. The decrease in the ability to form N-demethyldiazepam after abstinence, when diazepam was administered intravenously to a chronic user of diazepam before and after the abstinence of the drug. Diazepam should be administered in small doses and for short periods of time only, or intermittently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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